No description available.

Denna studie har syftat till att jämföra och analysera vad allmännyttan betyder för integration för Sveriges kommuner, både etnisk och socioekonomisk. Genom en kvantitativ studie har samtliga 290 kommuner inkluderats för att få en övergripande förståelse för vad allmännyttans roll för integration är. Utifrån tidigare forskning om allmännyttan, public- och social housing samt om integration, segregation och social mix har flera integrationsmått och variabler testats i flera regressionsanalyser. Resultatet visar att allmännyttans effekt på integration skiljer sig åt beroende på vilket integrationsmått som allmännyttan testats emot, där både negativa och positiva effekter kunde hittas. Detta både stämde överens med och stod i motsats till tidigare forskning. De integrationsmått som andelen allmännytta gav tydligast effekt mot var boendesegregationsindexet och ginikoefficienten (inkomstspridning), där andelen allmännytta både visade positiva och negativa effekter på. De kontrollvariabler som hade tydligast effekt på samtliga integrationsmått var andelen utrikes födda samt andelen eftergymnasial utbildning som båda visade starkare effekter på integrationsmåtten än andelen allmännytta och övriga kontrollvariabler. Resultatet i denna studie påvisar att beroende på vilka integrationsmått som testas så förändras de oberoende variablernas signifikans, vilket tyder på att det svårt att mäta integration baserat på få variabler.

This essay concerns teacher professionalism and how its prerequisites have been affected by the politcs of the employer organization Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR). In Sweden, the government has during the last thirty years carried out extensive school reforms, fueled by the paradigm of New Public Management. On the whole, these reforms have contributed to the so called 'de-professionalization' of Swedish school teachers. However, the impact of labour politics has to great lenghts been neglected in political research on teacher professionalism, and that is the gap which this thesis aims to fill. By using a wide range of material, such as collective bargaining agreements, policy documents, debate articles and semistructured interviews, a reconstruction of the SALARs' labour politics has been made. Furthermore, an ideal-typical analytical framework of the two contrasting and competing governance models new managerialism and professionalism was applied on the reconstruction. The results are in short that the organization in many ways has contributed to the de-professionalization process which Swedish school teachers have undergone. By allocating power and authority to headmasters and municipalities, the discretion and legitimacy of theteacher profession itself has been circumscribed. Via these policies, a clearer hierarchy between the profession and its headmasters has come into place. Furthermore, the results indicate that the SALAR promotes organizational norms and values, rather than professional dito. In the light of the now being 'recruitment crisis' and the low attraction of the teaching profession, the results are particurlarly relevant.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how the Swedish municipalities handles and manages its crisis management in regard to communication and cooperation. According to Swedish law, Lag: (2006:544), every Swedish municipality needs to have an updated version of a crisis management plan. This plan consists of information on how the region plans to act in the event of an extraordinary event and it also reviews who among the municipality that is responsible for what area within the community during the time of crisis. This study consists of two main parts, in part one an examination of all of the 290 municipalities in Sweden and its websites were conducted. The results of this research shows that of all 290 municipalities only 198 of them, 68 percent, has a valid and updated version on this crisis plan uploaded to their website. Part 2 consists of qualitative interviews held with crisis managers within 6 of Swedens municipalities. The interviews aimed to study how the crisis management is conducted today and to examine whether the ongoing pandemic of Covid-19 has effected their view on crisis management. In conclusion, how municipalities cooperate and communicate with other parts of society affects how a crisis is handled. Further education and practice within this field will play an important role in the development of crisis management. Consequences of the ongoing pandemic of Covid-19 have affected how municipalities view the importance of a working crisis management within the whole organization.

This study examines a clearer picture of how the implementation of digitalization works among municipalities employed by consuming a theory developed by Grenny et al:s implementation strategies. This theory shows that the more implementation strategies you use parallel, the merrier. Based on this theory, a survey has been sent out to randomly selected municipalities.    The main purpose of this study is to see how to achieve making Sweden’s digitalization strategy a more living document. In the ambition of doing this, the study has defined itself by focusing on the implementation of digitalization among municipalities employed. It is important to succeed with a continuous process of implementing digitalization among municipal employees. Sweden’s digitalization strategy is otherwise going to end up as something rhetoric without actions. Municipalities fill a key function if Sweden is going to achieve the main goal of the digitalization strategy, making Sweden the best country to utilize the possibilities with digitalization.    The result of this study shows that municipalities employees have a high level of personal motivation for implementing digitalization, a motivation that is confirmed by both coworkers and managers. The problem lays more in that this motivation doesn’t get followed up by a more “structural motivation”. In other words, municipalities could improve their digitalization process significantly through an implementation strategy that strengthens the incentives for change that follows with digitalization.

Denna studie är en fortsättning på kandidatuppsatsen Sveriges kommuners turisthemsidor – En studie om var Sveriges kommuner befinner sig i webbutvecklingen i relation till web 2.0 genomförd av Johansson och Winther som är två av författarna till denna studie. Syftet med denna studie är att ge en ökad förståelse för hur Sveriges kommuner arbetar med sina turisthemsidor samt sociala medier. Denna kandidatuppsats genomfördes genom en observation samt kvalitativa intervjuer med tio av Sveriges 290 kommuner. Resultatet visade att kommunerna använder sina turisthemsidor och sociala medier för att nå ut till önskade målgrupper. Det visade sig även att flera av kommunerna befinner sig i en utvecklingsfas gällande webbplatserna. Endast hälften av kommunerna med turisthemsidor har en digital strategi. / This study continues on the bachelor thesis Sweden’s municipalities’ tourist sites - A study of where Sweden’s municipalities stand in their web development compared to web 2.0, conducted by Johansson and Winther who are two of the authors of this study.The purpose of this study is to provide a greater understanding of how Swedish municipalities work with their tourist websites and social media. This bachelor thesis was conducted by an observation and qualitative interviews with ten of Sweden's 290 municipalities. The results showed that municipalities use their tourist sites and social media to reach desired target audiences. It was also found that many of the municipalities are in a development phase regarding their tourist sites. Only half of the municipalities with tourist sites have a digital strategy.

I takt med de alltmer påtagliga miljöproblemen såsom klimatförändringar och minskning av biologisk mångfald har behovet av att agera ekologiskt hållbart blivit allt viktigare. Majoriteten av organisationer är idag eniga om att de har ett ansvar till bidragande av ett mer ekologiskt hållbart ageranade. Sveriges kommuner har ett ansvar att agera utifrån miljömål på en lokal nivå. Grön IS är ett begrepp som syftar till hur informationssystem kan stödja organisationer till att upprätta mer ekologiskt hållbara verksamhetsprocesser. Studiens syfte är att påvisa vilka strategiska orsaker som kan ligga till grund för tillämpning av grön IS för en svensk kommun. Det finns flera strategiska orsaker för organisationer att agera hållbart, i studien kartläggs ekologiska hållbarhetsstrategier och IS/IT-strategier vilka ligger till grund för grön IS-strategi. Den svenska kommunen representeras i en fallstudie av Varbergs kommun som eftersträvar att agera hållbart i sina verksamhetsprocesser. I studien har samband identifierats mellan Varberg kommuns ekologiska hållbarhetsmål och IS/IT-strategier där strategiska orsaker som effektivitet, attraktion, innovation och samverkan är anledningar att tillämpa grön IS.

In this thesis I examine the relationship between party affiliation of the local political leadership and the municipal tax rate in Sweden’s 290 municipalities between 1994 and 2018. The mean tax rate of Swedish municipalities has increased by 1.3 percentage points in that time, while the prevalence of right-wing coalitions – consisting of parties that claim to want a lower tax rate – in leadership also has increased. I therefore examine to what degree right-wing coalitions have contributed to the increase in the mean tax rate compared to left-wing and mixed coalitions. I find that while right-wing coalitions have contributed to the increase in the mean tax rate to a lower degree than other coalitions, the difference is small, and the difference between the contributions of right-wing and left-wing coalitions is not statistically significant. I also examine how right-wing coalitions containing the Green Party and local parties have affected the municipal tax rate compared to coalitions consisting only of traditional right-wing parties. When the Green Party or local parties are part of a right-wing coalition, the mean increase in the municipal tax rate is much lower than that of coalitions consisting only of right-wing parties. Lastly I examine how the amount of parties that are part of a local right-wing coalition affect the municipal tax rate and find that the fewer parties, the larger the mean tax increase.

This c-level essay examines Sweden’s municipalities’ tourist sites in web development in relation to web 2.0. The study’s main purpose is to give a general overview of how Swedish municipalities use the web as a communication channel for their tourism information. The study also examines differences between large and small municipalities, because smaller enterprises have different conditions than larger enterprisers. First all Swedish municipalities’ sites were studied focusing on tourist information. Then, a theory was developed that categorizes the sites on a scale between web 1.0 and web 2.0 based on a number of criteria. Some examples of criteria that have been studied are whether the sites are interactive and how they make use of social media. The results of the study show that the majority of the tourist sites can be classified as web 1.3. None of the Swedish municipalities achieve web 2.0 through its tourist sites. The study also shows that the results differ between large and small municipalities; the larger ones are at the forefront.

I början av 2020 drabbar covid-19-pandemin världens befolkning. Den livsfarliga smittan sprids snabbt världen över och forskare och läkemedelsbolag börjar arbeta intensivt för att utveckla ett vaccin som kan stoppa sjukdomens framfart. Knappt ett år senare godkänns världens första vaccin mot covid-19 och massvaccinering inleds. Världens politiker, forskare, epidemiologer och läkare påtalar otaliga gånger att vaccinet är lösningen på pandemin och vikten av att alla som kan ska tacka ja till erbjudandet om att vaccinera sig. Vaccinationsviljan världen över är generellt sett god, men det är också många människor som väljer att inte ta vaccinet och vaccinationsgraden varierar på internationell-, nationell- och lokal nivå. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns lokala förhållanden som påverkar vacci­nat­ions­graden mot covid-19 i Sveriges kommuner under pandemin och om kommunernas verkliga vacci­nationsgrad avviker från vad som kan förväntas utifrån de lokala förhållandena. Baserat på tidigare studier och teori skapas och testas hypoteser genom att använda linjär regression för att skapa modeller som beskriver förväntad vaccinationsgrad. Studien undersöker sambandet mellan vaccinat­ions­grad och variabler som beskriver könsfördelningen i kommunerna, andel utrikesfödda, befolk­ningens ålder, utbildnings-, inkomst-, och hälsonivå, andel arbetslöshet, valdeltagande och befolk­ningens partisym­pa­tier.  De viktigaste resultaten är att faktorerna andel kvinnor, utrikesfödda, arbetslöshet och hälsonivå korre­lerar negativt med vaccinationsgrad, och faktorerna ålder, utbildningsnivå och valdeltagande korrelerar positivt. I univariat analys förklarar variabeln utrikesfödda 78 procent av skillnaden i vaccinationsgrad mellan kommunerna och valdeltagande förklarar 57 procent av skillnaden. Resultatet i riksdagsvalet 2018 på kommunnivå kan delvis förklara skillnaden i vaccinationsgrad mellan Sveriges kommuner. Utmärkande vid undersökningen av befolkningens partisympatier är att univariat analys med Center­partiet som oberoende variabel enskilt förklarar över 20 procent av skillnaden i vaccinationsgrad.  Baserat på regressionsmodeller beräknas varje kommuns förväntade vaccinationsgrad, vilken jämförs med den verkliga vaccinationsgraden. Haparanda och Ljungby kommun avviker mest positivt respek­tive negativt från sitt förväntade värde (+10,42 procent och -6,10 procent). En möjlig förklaring till kommunernas stora avvikelser är deras geografiska läge och dess påverkan på befolkningens behov av att resa till utlandet. Alla kommuner i Uppsala län har en högre vaccinationsgrad än förväntat, medan alla kommuner i Blekinge län har en lägre vaccinationsgrad än förväntat. En möjlig förklaring är att det beror på länens olika vaccinationsstrategier. / In early 2020, the covid-19 pandemic hit the world. The deadly infection spread rapidly, and researchers and pharmaceutical companies worked intensively to develop a vaccine which could stop the progres­sion of the disease. Barely a year later, the world’s first vaccine against covid-19 is approved and mass vaccination begins. The world’s politicians, researchers, epidemiologists, and medical personnel point out countless times that the vaccine is the solution to the pandemic and the importance of getting vac­cinated. In general, the willingness to get vaccinated is high, but there are also many people who choose not to take the vaccine and the degree of vaccination varies at international, national, and local level. This study aims to investigate whether local conditions affect the vaccination rate against covid-19 in Swedish municipalities during the pandemic, and whether municipalities’ actual vaccination rate devi­ates from what can be expected based on these local conditions. Based on previous studies and theory, hypotheses are created and tested by using linear regression to create models that describe the expected degree of vaccination. The study examines the relationship between vaccination rate and variables that describe gender distribution in the municipalities, proportion of foreign-born, age of population, level of education, income and health, proportion of unemployment, turnout, and the population’s party sym­pathies. The main findings are that the factors proportion of women, foreign-born, unemployment and health level negatively correlate with vaccination rate, and the factors age, level of education and turnout cor­relate positively. In univariate analysis, the variable foreign-born explains 78 percent of the differ­ence in vaccination rate among the municipalities, and turnout explains 57 percent of the difference. The result of the 2018 parliamentary elections at municipal level can partly explain the difference in vac­cination rate between Sweden’s municipalities. Notable when examining the population’s party sym­pathies is that univariate analysis with Centerpartiet as an independent variable individually explains over 20 percent of the difference in vaccination rate. Each municipality’s expected vaccination rate is calculated and compared to the actual vaccination rate based on regression models. The municipalities of Haparanda and Ljungby deviate most from their expected value (+10.42 percent and -6.10 percent). A possible explanation for the municipalities’ large deviations is their geographical location and its impact on the population’s need to travel abroad. All municipalities of Uppsala County have a higher vaccination rate than expected, while all municipalities of Blekinge County have a lower vaccination rate than expected. One possible explanation is that it depends on the counties’ different vaccination strategies.