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Instagram är ett populärt socialt nätverk bland unga människor mellan 18-25 år. Psykiska pressen på individen att vara en del av sociala-medier och hålla sig uppdaterad kan betraktas som centralt i unga människors upplevelser av sociala medie-plattformen Instagram. Med sociala mediers frammarsch har en ny sorts kommersiell förebild skapats denna har fått benämningen Influencers. Studiens syfte ämnar besvara följande frågeställningar: Hur upplever unga kvinnor fenomenet Instagram och Instagram-Influencers? Hur påverkas unga kvinnors identitet av Influencers på det sociala mediet Instagram? Hur upplever unga kvinnor att deras identitet gestaltar sig, i de fall påverkan sker? En kvalitativ metod/ansats har använts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex unga kvinnor i åldern 18-25. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med tematisk analys utifrån en induktiv ansats. Studien tar fasta på: respondenternas tankar, upplevelser och känslor kring den egna subjektiva erfarenheten och dess mening i deras livsvärld. Resultatet knyts an till tre huvudteman; Instagrams betydelse, Att vara en Influencer, Influencers och deras påverkan på sina följare.Dessutom behandlas underkategorin: Identitet online respektive identitet offline. Studiens resultat visar att respondenterna upplever Instagram som både betydelsefull media och som en “jämförelse-applikation” med negativ inverkan. Studien visar även hur den negativa påverkan i högre grad dominerar upplevelsevärlden. Det finns en tydlig koppling mellan en ökad digital interaktion och upplevelsen av social jämförelse och påverkan på ens identitet. Respondenterna anser att Influencers skapar en vilseledande bild av verkligheten och censurerar sådant som är mindre smickrande. Följarna får en filtrerad uppfattning som syftar till att förstärka det budskap man vill uppmärksamma. Respondenterna själva uppvisar konstruerade bilder av lycka, men i verkligheten – offline- kan istället känslor av ensamhet och ledsamhet finnas. Diskussionen tar upp den tydliga kopplingen mellan en ökad digital interaktion och känslan av social jämförelse, behov av konformitet och roll-imiterande beteende. / For young adult’s age 18-25 years, Instagram is a popular social network. With the expansion of social media, a new kind of commercial role- model has been created, the so- called Influencers. Based on the understanding and interpretation of previous research, this study will look into what impact the social network phenomena Instagram-Influencers have on young girls’ self-perception and identity. The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: How do young women experience the social network Instagram and its Influencers? How is the identity of young women affected by the Influencers on the social media Instagram? In what way do young women experience that their identity is being shaped, in those cases it has an impact? To study this, qualitative interviews are used and conducted with six different active female users, between ages 18-25. The collected data were analyzed with a thematic inductive approach. The result is linked to three main themes; Instagram's importance, being an Influencer, Influencers and their impact on their followers, as well as the subcategory: Identity online and identity offline. In my analyzation, the conclusion is, that there is a clear link between an increased digital interaction and social comparison, and their effect on identity and self-perception. The respondents believe that the Influencers display a misleading view of reality. The followers get the impression that the content is filtered and only highlights flattering topics, and that the purpose with this is to enforce and emphasize the value of the Influencers’ statements. Similarly, the respondents themselves are affected to construct images of happiness, but in reality – offline- the feeling of loneliness and sadness occurs. The end discussion addresses the clear link between increased digital interactions and the sense of social comparison, the need for conformity and role-limiting behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:46:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2082746 bytes, checksum: fd3ac1bd6cddb86f5e450ae7748408ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current research intends to take a look at the impact of the social interactions made by the intermediation of the computer thru the virtual community called, Web Novels Fake on Orkut. This work also investigated the reasons for individuals to interact as fake profile in such a social network. The proposal of such dissertation intends to contribute to the study of communication, and quotidian life in its interdisciplinary method with sociology as well. Therefore, this investigation was made possible through the phenomenon of computer-mediated interactions. This research followed three distinct methods of investigation in order to provide an overview; a) It presents the fake profiles as a subjective representation anonymous; b) The Web-novel is presented as an expression of such interactions mediated by the computer, and c) Everyday life as a sweeping of social phenomena in postmodernism. As a result of these approaches, all of the methods of investigation were distributed throughout the four chapters of this dissertation. The methodological approach was done through socialization and symbolic interactionism. Maffesoli‟s comprehensive sociology helps one to understand the relationships between the fake profiles, and its interpretation of the interactions with the profiles in the context of such virtual community according to Goffman. As one may noticed, the empirical study of the fake profile and its methodological feature investigated how interactions mediated by computer arose in daily life, and also how these interactions could be interpreted, and what were their impact on society. Thus, the analysis was done in two distinct moments. In the first one, five fake profiles were interviewed, and the authors of this web-novel within their community in order to analyze how they would interpret the interaction processes in the context of their community "Web-novels fake." In a second instant, five "key ideas" were categorized, and accordingly such data were collected accordingly to observation of the interaction between the readers profile and the author profile as well in a web-novel, which is already in progress. Such a web novel is called the Rented Boyfriend". In conclusion, it is obvious that there is an attempt to escape reality, or even a need for attention for oneself. One may also presuppose the young people who belong to this anonymous group to be likely to make a scapegoat of it. As a result of this analysis, one must observe such interactions as a new type of conversational approach of those whose fake can talk, construct ideas, stimulate dialogue, and promote discussions as well. / A presente pesquisa buscou lançar um olhar sobre o impacto das interações sociais pela mediação do computador através da comunidade virtual Web novelas fake , do Orkut. O porquê de um indivíduo interagir como perfil fake, também foi investigado. Com efeito, esta proposta de estudos visa contribuir para o estudo da comunicação e o cotidiano na interdisciplinaridade com a sociologia, a partir da investigação do fenômeno das interações mediadas pelo computador. Nessa direção, organizamos esta pesquisa por três veios temáticos, na busca de um panorama geral: a) o dos perfis fake como representações subjetivas anônimas; b) o da webnovela, como expressão dessas interações mediadas pelo computador e c) o do cotidiano como abarcador de fenômenos sociais na pós-modernidade, todos distribuídos nos quatro capítulos da dissertação. A abordagem metodológica é pela socialidade e o interacionismo simbólico. Aquela, a partir da sociologia compreensiva em Michel Maffesoli, que visa compreender as relações entre os perfis fake e essa, que objetiva interpretar as interações dos perfis no contexto desta comunidade virtual, em Erving Goffman. A partir do estudo empírico, enquanto recurso metodológico, investigamos como as interações mediadas pelo computador são problematizadas no cotidiano, como essas podem ser interpretadas e qual o impacto dessas na sociedade. Para tanto, a análise se deu em dois momentos. No primeiro, entrevistamos cinco perfis fake, autores de webnovelas na comunidade, para analisar como esses interpretam os processos de interação no contexto da comunidade Web novelas fake , corpus da pesquisa. Em um segundo momento, catalogamos cinco ideias-chave , a partir de dados coletados através da observação da interação entre os perfis leitores e o perfil autor de uma webnovela em andamento, a Rented Boyfriend . Por fim, consideramos que além das interações entre perfis fake perpassarem o escapismo, a fuga da realidade ou a necessidade de chamar atenção, entendemos que esses jovens os quais pertencem a esse agrupamento anônimo buscam uma válvula de escape para criar e interagir; para viverem. Portanto, observamos essas interações como uma nova abordagem conversacional cujo fake fala, constrói narrativas, estimula diálogos e promove conversações.

Somos uma construção social, a nossa produção de sentido, a compreensão que temos do mundo resulta das relações sociais e dos vínculos afetivos, subjetivados e resubjetivados desde a fase especular da infância. A linguagem, condição para a estruturação do inconsciente, inscreve e inaugura o sujeito no universo simbólico. A interação do sujeito com o entorno dá-se de acordo com as significações que faz sobre o mundo em que vive, e o objetivo da tese centra-se em compreender a construção dos significantes de stress. Os significantes de stress desenvolvidos e manifestados na atividade profissional resultam da produção de sentido do sujeito, foram construídos ao longo do tempo, permeados pelo contexto e por elaborações imaginário-simbólicas. Nesta tese, para dar conta do fenômeno estudado, mostrou-se a possibilidade de aproximação teórica entre a psicanálise lacaniana, no que se refere à dimensão imaginário-simbólica constitutiva do sujeito, com a teoria de stress psicológico de Lazarus para viabilizar aqui neste trabalho, a compreensão da origem do stress psicológico. Analisou-se a produção de sentido de stress em profissionais que exercem atividade gerencial, destacando os conteúdos ideativos das dimensões imaginário- simbólica, como constituintes da origem do stress psicológico e buscou-se na análise, entender a relação entre as significações de stress atribuídas à atividade pesquisada e à experiência de stress do sujeito. A pesquisa empírica, realizada com 20 sujeitos, constou de entrevistas-narrativa, com roteiro focal semi-estruturado. Escolheu-se o método de análise do discurso, seguindo dois modelos: Análise do Discurso-AD e Análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo-DSC, utilizando- se o recurso do software Qualiquantisoft. Os resultados encontrados apontam que as significações sobre o trabalho são centrais na vida dos homens e mulheres entrevistados. Os significantes de stress mais lembrados por eles, estão canalizados para as situações de trabalho, em que o estressor mais intenso está vinculado ao cumprimento das metas de prazos curtos. Em segundo lugar, foi lembrado o stress por não ter o controle da situação estressante. Quanto às significações de stress, os homens centram-se nos stressores externos e por sua vez, as mulheres apontam os sintomas como significantes de stress. A maioria dos homens, tem uma lembrança idealizada da infância, sem a presença de stress, sendo que os demais, 30% consideram ter tido uma infância difícil, e identificaram os stressores da infância. As mulheres, também, em sua maioria consideram a infância como um período muito bom de suas vidas, conseguindo identificar stress ocorrido nessa fase. Quanto às lembranças do stress da infância, predomina nos homens entrevistados, a categoria de não se lembrar de tido stress infância, o que não aconteceu no caso das mulheres, para elas, a infância foi muito boa, mas guardam na lembrança ativa, a primeira vez que sentiram stress, tal como o significam atualmente. Elas afirmaram que o stress atual é o mesmo stress da infância, confirmando a repetição significante, de acordo com psicanálise. Com relação aos processos de coping, a diversidade evidenciou-se nas respostas dos homens e das mulheres. As escolhas dos homens mostram três de categorias de coping: Eu enfrento o stress de frente, como um desafio; Eu me afasto para pensar melhor; Relaxar por meio de leituras de auto ajuda. O coping das mulheres também revelou diversidade de respostas quanto a enfrentar seus stressores: 40% tenta se acalmar primeiro, esquivando-se da situação e, depois enfrentam o stressor; 30% toma um calmante leve, uma faz terapia para fortalecer-se e aprender a lidar com os stressores, principalmente para aprender a dizer não às pressões sofridas. Uma afirmou enfrentar prontamente os stressores e sua estratégia consiste em diminuir os seus efeitos para poder controlá-los. Foi citado por outra entrevistada, o procurar relaxar e espairecer por meio de um lazer prazeroso com a família nos finais de semana. Fazer amigos e buscar apoio e trocar idéias foi citado como eficaz processo de coping. O estudo sobre a construção imaginário-simbólica do stress psicológico possibilitou desvelar a origem dos significantes de stress, à luz do saber lacaniano e a pesquisa empírica permitiu um olhar convergente, mas não conclusivo. / We are social constructions, our sense production, the comprehension we have of the world result from the social relations and of affective links, subjectively created since the infant´s mirror stage. The language, condition to the unconcious structuration, inscribes and inaugurates the subject in the symbolic universe. The subject interaction with the environment is realized in accordance with the significations that are made about the world in which the subject lives. The objective of this thesis centers in the comprehension of the construction of stress significants. The stress significants developed and manifested in the professional activity result from the subject´s sense production, and were constructed during the life time, permeated by the context and by imaginary-symbolic elaborations. In this thesis, in considering the studied phenomenon, it was shown the possibilities of a theoretical approximation between the lacanian psychoanalysis, in what it refers to subject´s imaginary-symbolic constitutive dimension, with Lazarus´ theory of psychological stress, to make viable the comprehension of the origin of the psychological stress. It was analyzed the production of stress sense in professional people in managerial activities, emphasizing the ideative contents of the imaginary-symbolic dimensions as constitutive of the origin of the psychological stress, searching to understand, in the analysis made, the relation between the stress significations addressed to the analyzed activities and to the subject´s experience of stress. The empirical research, realized with 20 subjects, was based on an interview/narrative approach, with semistructured focal survey. The method of discourse analysis was chosen following two models: the Discourse Analysis and the Collective Subject Discourse through the use of the Qualiquantisoft software.The results point that the significations about the work are central in the interviewed men and women´s lives. The most recalled stress significant pointed by them is directed to work situations in which the most intense stressor are linked to the achievement of short time goals. In second place it was recalled the stress by having no control over stressing situations. Concerning to the stress significations, men are centered in external stressors and women point the symptom as stress significant. The majority of men have an idealized remembrance of childhood, without the presence of stress, having 30% considered they had a difficult childhood and identified the childhood stressors. The majority of women also considered the childhood as a very good period of their lives and identify stress in this period. As the remembrance of stress in childhood prevails in the men the category do not recall stress in childhood, what have not happened with women. The childhood was to them very good, but keeping in the active memory the first sensation of stress as the same significant of nowadays. They have asserted that the present stress is the same stress of childhood confirming the significant repetition according to the psychoanalysis. In relation with the coping processes the diversity appeared in the response of men and women. Men´s choices show three categories of coping: I face the stress as a challenge, I step aside to think better, I relax reading self-help books.Women´s coping also revealed the diversity of answers when managing the stressors. 40% of them try to calm down first, avoiding the situation and then facing the stressor, 30% takes a light sedative, one of them makes therapy to become stronger and learn how to handle stressors, specially to learn how to say no to pressure situations. One of them declared promptly facing the stressor, being her strategy to diminish the effects of the situation to better control them. Another one searches to relax and distract herself by means of a joyful leisure weekend with the family. Making friends, search support, changing ideas with other people, was mentioned as effective coping process. The study about the imaginary-symbolic construction of the psychological stress made possible to unveil the origin of stress significants according to the lacanian psychoanalysis, having the research permitted a convergent view, despite of being not conclusive.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nereida Silveira.pdf: 1566061 bytes, checksum: 82b7627c5975d912e630598e8ff10065 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-09 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This study investigated how gender identities of women in managerial positions are constructed at work by means of interactions. In contemporary societies, women are reaching increasingly higher positions in the hierarchy of organizations. Although there is a consensus that the construction of gender identity is a negotiated process with the environment, it is still poorly explored how this process occurs in organizational settings. Some studies suggest that during their careers advancement women become masculinized in order to adapt to the prevalent male models of most of organizations. In contrast, other investigations show that the better representation of women in upper hierarchical levels of organizations leads to a feminization of the concepts of management, reduces sex-roles stereotypes and contributes to less problematic gender relations. The study did not depart from a hypothesis, but from an exploratory investigation seeking to understand what factors may be present in this process and how they interact. For this purpose we opt for the methodological qualitative approach of Grounded Theory guided by the theoretical framework of structural symbolic Interactionism.The data was obtained from in-depth interviews with 13 women in managerial positions of medium and large companies in the state of São Paulo. Comparative analysis of the data enabled us to propose a model that places the need to deal with the conceptions and experiences around motherhood as the central element of the construction of multiple gender identities. This process is mediated by a dynamic and ongoing self-assessment of self-efficacy in the performance of role identities that provides conditions for reconfiguration of meanings and identities. / O presente estudo buscou investigar como as identidades de gênero de mulheres em posição gerencial são construídas no trabalho por meio das interações. Nas sociedades contemporâneas as mulheres estão alcançando postos cada vez mais altos na hierarquia das organizações. Embora haja um consenso de que a construção da identidade de gênero seja um processo negociado com o ambiente, é ainda pouco explorado como esse processo ocorre no ambiente organizacional. Alguns estudos apontam que ao avançarem profissionalmente as mulheres se masculinizam, buscando adaptar-se aos modelos masculinos prevalentes na maioria das organizações. Contrariamente, outras investigações evidenciam que a maior representação de mulheres em níveis hierárquicos superiores das organizações leva a uma feminização das concepções de gerenciamento, à redução dos estereótipos de papéis sexuais e a relações de gênero menos problemáticas. O estudo não partiu de uma hipótese, e sim de uma pesquisa exploratória, buscando compreender que elementos podem estar presentes nesse processo e como se relacionam entre si. Para tanto optamos por uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa fundamentada nos dados (Grounded Theory) orientada pelo referencial teórico do interacionismo simbólico estrutural. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas de profundidade com 13 mulheres em posição gerencial em empresas de médio e grande porte no estado de São Paulo. A análise comparativa dos dados possibilitou a proposição de um modelo que traz a necessidade de lidar com as concepções e experiências em torno da maternidade como elemento central na construção de múltiplas identidades de gênero. Esse processo, intermediado pela contínua e dinâmica autoavaliação de autoeficácia no desempenho das identidades de papel, fornece condições para a reconfiguração de significados e identidades.

Cette thèse entend contribuer à l’étude des carrières des associés des firmes professionnelles en s’intéressant en particulier au processus de construction de l’identité d’associé. En nous appuyant sur le concept interactionniste de carrière nous analysons le « devenir associé » dans le contexte des grands cabinets d’audit internationaux (les Big 4). Ce devenir est un processus qui débute quasiment dès le recrutement et qui relève de mécanismes informels et tacites et de manœuvres politiques. Nous caractérisons ces mécanismes par la notion « d’écurie » qui permet à la fois de comprendre le fonctionnement des procédures de cooptation dans sa dimension non-officielle, mais également la hiérarchisation de la partnershipet le déroulement des carrières en son sein, une fois le stade de l’association passé. La conclusion à laquelle nous parvenons est que l’auditeur devient associé bien avant sa cooptation, en se reconnaissant lui-même comme un professionnel. Ce turning point n’est cependant que le premier sur le chemin qui mène à la partnership car c’est seulement au moment où il rejoint cette dernière que l’auditeur devient l’associé qu’il était, en se faisant reconnaître comme tel par ses pairs, achevant ainsi sa conversion identitaire d’auditeur en associé. Par notre travail, nous nous inscrivons dans la lignée des études en sociologie des professions et en théorie des organisations qui ont exploré le champ de la socialisation des professionnels de l’audit et de la construction de leur identité ainsi que le fonctionnement des grands cabinets internationaux / This PhD studies the process of becoming a partner in professional services firms, envisaged through the lens of the building of the partner identity. To this end, it implements the concept of « career » developed by interactionist sociology to analyse the making of a partner in the context of the Big 4 international audit firms. Becoming a partner is a process that starts right after recruitment and which is governed by complex and largely informal mechanisms and political manoeuvring. We characterize these mechanisms with the help of the notion of “stable”, whose purpose is to understand procedures of co-option in their unofficial dimension but also to account for the structuration of the partner level in firms and the role played by hierarchies within this level in post-partner career progression. We come to the conclusion that auditors actually become partners much earlier than their official promotion to the rank, from the moment they consider themselves as such. This awakening is yet only the first turning point on the road to partnership. It is only when they are officially co-opted that auditors become the partners they were, by being recognised as such by their peers, completing therefore their identity conversion.This work contributes to the literature in the sociology of professions and organizational theory fields by investigating how professionals are socialized and how their identity is constructed and by grasping more accurately the organization of professional services firms

Antalet neuropsykiatriska diagnoser och antal personer som diagnostiseras har ökat de senaste året. Diagnostiseringen kan dock ha djupare betydelse och bidra till stigmatisering och utanförskap, men samtidigt medföra stöd och ge identitet och samhörighet. En förhållandevis ny och omdebatterad diagnos är Asperger syndrom (hädanefter refereras som AS). Diagnosen ströks 2003 och ingår numera i autismspektrumsyndrom. AS-begreppet används dock ändå och alltfler personer växer upp och/eller identifierar sig med diagnosen. Jämförelsevis få studier söker fånga individers upplevelser och därför försöker denna studie undersöka hur personer med AS-diagnos själv beskriver sin upplevelse. Syftet med denna studie var således att beskriva upplevelsen av att ha en AS-diagnos i relation till identitet och självbild kopplat till normalitet/avvikelse. Ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, baserat på semistrukturerad intervjuer, har använts. Fem personer med AS-diagnos över 18 år i södra Sverige intervjuades; resultaten analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Fyra huvudkategorier identifierades: (1) Att få och att ha AS (upplevelser, känslor och vad AS betyder för individen); (2) att kamouflera, passera och framträda (informanternas upplevelse av sin skillnad, de svårigheter som AS kan medföra samt de ansträngningar de gör för att övervinna dessa); (3) mötet med okunskapen – att leva i fördomarnas paradis (den betydelse okunskapen om AS-diagnosen har för informanterna och hur detta kommer till uttryck och får för konsekvenser för identitet/självbild i form av att samhället betraktar personer med AS-diagnos som annorlunda och avvikande); och (4) att leva i en slags marginal av normalitet, i gränslandet mellan avvikande och normal (informanternas upplevelse av att inte riktigt passa in i vare sig normalitetsmallen eller funktionshindermallen). Att ha en AS-diagnos är alltså komplext och mångfacetterat. / The number of neuropsychiatric diagnoses and the number of persons being diagnosed have increased during recent years. To receive a diagnosis may, however, have a deeper meaning, e.g. stigmatisation and alienation, but also increased societal support, and an identity and a sense of belonging. One such diagnosis is Asperger’s Syndrome (henceforth referred to as AS). However, both the diagnosis per se, and diagnostics, have remained highly debated, and since 2003 AS has been omitted, instead included in the overall Autism Spectrum Syndrome. The AS concept is, however, still in use, and an increasing number of persons are growing up and identify with having AS. But, the question remains what it actually means for a person to have AS. Comparatively few studies have focused the individual experience of AS, fewer yet concerning self-image/identity, normality/deviation in relation to AS. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the experience of having AS concerning identity and self-image in terms of normality/deviation. A qualitative method was used; data gathered with semi-structured interviews with five persons with AS, and over 18 years of age, living in southern Sweden. Results were analysed thematically, and fell into four main categories: (1) Getting AS (or to receive, and have AS), including reaction upon learning of the diagnosis, and experiences and emotions connected to the individual meaning of the diagnosis); (2) camouflaging, passing and showing, i.e. the ways in which the individual deal with self-consciousness surrounding questions of being different, but also worries of what difficulties they can experience, and how to overcome these issues; (3) meeting ignorance, i.e. how the general state of ignorance and preconceptions concerning Asperger syndrome affects the individual, how such aspects manifest, and how they may affect self-image and identity; and (4) living on the margins of normalcy, to live in on the border between abnormal and normal, and to not fit in, neither with societal norms of normality, nor concepts of disability. Hence, based on the overall results of the study, it was concluded that having AS is a multi-faceted and complex experience.

Collective memory has recently become one of the most explored topics in the social sciences and has led to the emergence of a separate and independent subdiscipline called memory studies. The thesis investigates the awakening of collective memory in two borderlands of Central Europe: the former Sudetes region in the Czech Republic and the southern part of former East Prussia in Poland. The thesis provides an overview of the current theories about collective memory with a focus on the interactional and visual character of the studied phenomenon. In line with this, the thesis presents, discusses, and elaborates on research conducted in the two borderlands in 2016 and 2017. The aim of the research was to study the role and form of collective memory (shared remembrance) in ethnic, cultural, and historical borderlands. The contributions of the thesis are both methodological and theoretical. Firstly, the discussed research revealed that between particularly family-based communicative memory and official, institution-generated cultural memory, there is ritualised communicative memory, maintained through interactions among members of the borderland community (community of memory). Secondly, the thesis contributes to various studies within the interactionist paradigm and proves the usability of Goffman's...

The following thesis "Labelling as a part of a pedagogical discourse at a secondary pedagogical school" discusses the labelling process within the pedagogical discourse. The thesis aims to identify discursive practices used by teachers during the labelling process when evaluating their students, as well as to present different kinds of labels and areas that are considered either an asset or are deemed undesirable by teachers. Consequently, the thesis is of a theoretical-empirical nature. The theoretical part focuses on symbolic interactionism, labelling theory, and possible forms of pedagogical discourse. Furthermore, this part covers possible errors in social perception and areas that are most likely to result in a label being assigned to a student. In addition, considerable attention is paid to the typology of teacher personalities, school and class environments, or the impacts of the "hidden" curriculum. The empirical part introduces readers to qualitative research carried out in the form of participant observation at a pedagogical high school. Based on the research analysis the thesis proceeds to describe teachers labelling behaviour and presents a list of possible labels, including their differences. Key words: labelling, social deviation, social perception, education discource, hidden...

Syftet med studien var att genom de yrkesverksammas perspektiv undersöka de möjligheter och /eller hinder som finns i det förebyggande arbetet mot ANDT (Alkohol, Narkotika, Doping och Tobak) användning bland högstadieelever (ålder 12 - 16). Den metod som används för datainsamlingen är semistrukturerade intervjuer med två yrkesgrupper som båda arbetar nära ungdomarna.  De utvalda yrkesgrupperna var skolkuratorer och fältsekreterare/fältassistenter. Det insamlade materialet analyserades genom tematisk analys där sex teman framträdde, dessa sex teman sorterades sedan in i tre kategorier, dessa var: Visionen av och arbetssättet kring det förebyggande arbetet, Skola och Fältet samt Familj och Fritid. Vidare tolkades det insamlade materialet utifrån ett symboliskt interaktionistiskt perspektiv. Resultatet av studien visar att Samverkan är A och O när det kommer till det förebyggande arbetet. Ett gott samarbete är en möjlighet för det förebyggande arbetet, om samarbetet brister så blir detta istället ett hinder för hela arbetet. Utöver samarbetet så är tydliga riktlinjer och rutiner viktiga faktorer kring hur ANDT förebyggande arbetet bedrivs i kommunerna. Genom stärkt samarbete och tillitsskapande mellan yrkesgrupperna men även med hemmet och ungdomen kunna skapa ett välfungerande ANDT förebyggande arbete. / The purpose of the study was to investigate the possibilities and / or obstacles that exist in the prevention work against ANDT (Alcohol, narcotics, doping and tobacco) use among secondary school students (age 12 – 16) through the perspective of the professionals. The method used for data collection is semi-structured interviews with two professional groups, both working closely with young people. The selected occupational groups were school counselors and field secretaries / field assistants. The collected material was analyzed through thematic analysis where six themes emerged, these six themes were then sorted into three main categories which were: the vision of and the work methods in preventive work, school and the field, family and leisure. The empirical material was interpreted through the perspective of symbolic interactionism. The results of the study show that Collaboration is essential when it comes to preventative work. Good cooperation is an opportunity for preventive work, if cooperation fails, this will instead be an obstacle to the entire work. In addition to collaboration, clear guidelines and routines are important factors for how the ANDT preventive work is carried out in the municipalities. Well-functioning ANDT preventative work can be created through enhanced cooperation and trust building between the professional groups, but also with the home and the youth.