Young people who are homeless experience adversity, but many are able to overcome the challenges of street life and transition back into housing. This exploratory, qualitative research draws on the narratives from interviews and focus groups with 35 young people who have experienced homelessness, as well as interviews and focus groups with 30 service providers working in youth shelters and a youth drop-in centre. Exploring themes of victimization, criminal offending, police involvement, and interactions with community services, this research highlights the capacities of young people to navigate around obstacles and negotiate to meet their needs. Integrating symbolic interactionism and social constructivist perspectives, this research explores the importance of micro-level interactions and perceptions, as well as the contexts that frame the decision-making processes of young people passing through homelessness. The implications of these perspectives are discussed within the framework of resilience discourse.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Utifrån ett historiskt perspektiv är Sverige ett land som människor från olika delar av världen invandrat till. Framförallt under 1900-talet ökade invandringen till Sverige, inte minst under 1960-1970 talet där vi kan urskilja en kraftig ökning av arbetsinvandring. Under denna tidsperiod hade utrikes födda personer högre sysselsättningsgrad än infödda. Idag har utrikes födda en lägre sysselsättningsgrad än personer som är födda i Sverige (Björkman 2003).   Vidare är invandring och integration enligt väljarna den viktigaste frågan inför valet 2018. Stor grupp av människor som flytt från krigsdrabbade Syrien och det politiskt instabila Eritrea och Somalia har till följd gjort att frågan är mer aktuell än någonsin. Bara under 2016 sökte 160 000 personer asyl till Sverige. I samband med detta växer högerpopulistiska röster runt om Europa, däribland i Sverige (Turesson 2017).   Regeringens insatser för nyanländas etableringsprocess skall enligt etableringsreformen bestå av en personlig plan för att uppnå ett konkret mål - ett arbete. Det som är sociologiskt intressant i denna etableringsprocess enligt oss är att undersöka nyanländas egna upplevelser, både vad gäller deras möjligheter till ett arbete men också sociala dimensioner som har betydelse för deras etablering och integrering. Omgivningen är av stor betydelse för att de nyanlända skall få ett arbete och för att de skall trivas i det nya landet Sverige. Tyvärr är det många som invandrat till Sverige som blir deprimerade och får en försämrad hälsa då de känner sig utanför, ensamma och upplever att det saknar inflytande. Både vad gäller deras egen situation men också i samhället (Hadziabdic & Sandström, 2006). Idag tar det upp till tre gånger så lång tid att få ett arbete och att försörja sig än vad det gjorde under slutet på 1900-talet. Hela 60 procent av de män som invandrat till Sverige under 1980-talet hade ett arbete efter två till tre år, medan det tog upp till fem år för kvinnor under samma tidsperiod. Idag tar det upp till nio år för män och upp till tolv år för kvinnor, trots allt flera av dem som fått uppehållstillstånd i Sverige både har utbildning och arbetslivserfarenhet inom bristyrken (Lucas 2018), Etablering- och integreringsproblematiken är ett erkänt problem idag och ligger som tidigare nämnts högt upp på den politiska agendan inför valet 2018. Men vad känner de personer som kommer till Sverige? Vilka svårigheter och utmaningar är det som de nyanlända möts av egentligen? Trots att det är ett högaktuellt ämne i den politiska debatten saknas de nyanländas perspektiv. / From a historical perspective, Sweden is a country that people from different parts of the world immigrated to. Especially during the 20th century immigration increased to Sweden, especially during the 1960s and 1970s, where we can distinguish a sharp increase in labor immigration. During this period, foreign-born persons had higher employment rates than native speakers. Today, foreigners have a lower employment rate than people born in Sweden (Björkman 2003). Furthermore, immigration and integration according to voters is the most important issue for the 2018 election. A large group of people moving from war-hit Syria and politically unstable Eritrea and Somalia has consequently made the issue more current than ever. Only in 2016 160,000 sought asylum for Sweden. In this context, right-wing populations around Europe, including Sweden (Turesson 2017), grow. According to the establishment reform, the Government's efforts for the neighbors' establishment process must consist of a personal plan for achieving a concrete goal - a work. What is sociologically interesting in this process of establishment, according to us, is to explore newly arrived's own experiences, both in terms of their opportunities for work, but also social dimensions that are important for their establishment and integration. The environment is of great importance for the newly arrived's to get a job and to enjoy themselves in the new country of Sweden. Unfortunately, many people who immigrated to Sweden are being depressed and have a reduced health when they feel outside, lonely and experience that it has no influence. Both regarding their own situation but also in society (Hadziabdic & Sandström, 2006). Today, it takes up to three times as much time to get a job and to take care of what it did at the end of the 20th century. Around 60 percent of the men who immigrated to Sweden in the 1980s had a job after two to three years, while it took up to five years for women in the same period. Today, it takes up to nine years for men and up to twelve years for women, despite all of those who have obtained a residence permit in Sweden, both have education and work experience in the bristle industry (Lucas 2018). The establishment and integration issues are a recognized problem today and, as mentioned earlier, are high on the policy agenda for the 2018 election. But what do the people who come to Sweden feel? What difficulties and challenges is what the new arrivals face by? Although it is a high topic in the political debate, the perspectives of the newly arrived are lacking.

Desde a metade do século XX os grupos de ajuda mútua de Narcóticos Anônimos vêm se firmando como uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pessoas que desenvolvem a síndrome de "dependência química". Surgidos como uma dissidência dos Alcoólicos Anônimos, estes grupos utilizam de maneira pragmática o conceito de "adicção" para nomear esta doença e classificam-na como incurável, sendo possível apenas o controle dos sintomas. Desta forma, a sua proposta terapêutica é pautada na abstinência total do uso de qualquer substância psicoativa e em um conjunto de princípios éticos, espirituais e subjetivos que devem ser seguidos pelos participantes com o objetivo de "vivenciarem a recuperação" através de uma mudança radical de visão de mundo. Este trabalho tem como universo de pesquisa a rede de Narcóticos Anônimos da cidade de Porto Alegre. Dentro deste universo empírico um dos objetivos da pesquisa é demonstrar, através da apresentação de quatro histórias de vida de participantes dessa rede, que a categoria "membro de Narcóticos Anônimos" é menos homogênea do que aparenta ser; há espaço para a apropriação instrumental deste universo simbólico e também para a preservação de particularidades subjetivas no processo de incorporação dessa identidade. Outro objetivo é apresentar as implicações da utilização do seu conceito próprio de "adicção" enquanto doença incurável. Finalmente, através de um relato etnográfico, procura apresentar as reuniões do grupo como um espaço marcadamente ritual, mas que preserva momentos de interação e difusão de símbolos também "fora do ritual". / Since the half of the twentieth century mutual help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous have been establishing themselves as a valid therapeutic alternative for people who develop the "chemical dependence" syndrome. Emerging as a dissidence of Alcoholics Anonymous, these groups apply a pragmatic interpretation of the "addiction" concept to name that disease and classify it as incurable; they say that only the symptoms can be controlled. This way, their therapeutic approach is based on the total abstinence of any psychoactive substance use and in a set of ethical, spiritual and subjective principles that must be followed by the members with the objective of "living the recovery" through a radical change of subjective engagement in the world. This work's universe of research is the Narcotics Anonymous' network in the city of Porto Alegre. Inside this empirical universe one of the research's objectives is to demonstrate, by the presentation of four life stories of this networks' participants, that the category "Narcotics Anonymous' member" is less homogeny than it apparent to be; there is some space to instrumental appropriation of this symbolic universe and also to the preservation of subjective particularities in the process of incorporating this identity. Another objective is to discuss the implications of using the "addiction" category as a synonymous of incurable disease. Finally, this research presents an ethnographic description of the groups' meetings as composed by a rigid ritual structure, but which also preserves moments of interaction and symbol dissemination that lie "outside from the ritual".

Estudos organizacionais / Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T15:58:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T17:11:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel(gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-05-19T17:13:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-19T17:14:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100003.pdf: 11975291 bytes, checksum: 781e4294b7a25af48b54654504d9123f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-16 / In a world increasingly interconnected and global, this research brings the analysis of the interaction of multicultural groups in three different organizations in Europe. In two organizations, the research had auto-ethnographic nature, while in the third organization, thirteen in-depth interviews with trainees and professionals were conducted in a multicultural work environment, while considering the theory of symbolic interactionism as the basis of analysis at the micro level of social relations. The studies took place within the context of expatriation and international experiences in which young people from different parts of the world move to another country in order to experience and learn about other cultures, develop their careers, personally, academically and professionally. Encounters of people from different cultures within the CEMS group and the organizations involved are reported and analyzed in this study in order to understand the dynamics and changes that occur when different cultures meet. / Em um mundo cada vez mais interligado e global, este trabalho traz a leitura de grupos multiculturais de três organizações europeias, através do método auto- etnográfico e de 13 entrevistas realizadas em profundidade com estagiários e profissionais de um ambiente de trabalho multicultural, com o interacionismo simbólico como lente de análise dos grupos no nível micro de relações sociais. Os estudos aconteceram dentro do contexto de expatriação e experiências internacionais, em que jovens de diferentes partes do mundo se mudam a outro país a fim de conhecer outras culturas, desenvolver suas carreiras e ter experiências profissionais e acadêmicas. Encontros entre as diferentes culturas dentro do grupo CEMS e das organizações envolvidas são relatados e analisados neste trabalho a fim de entender a dinâmica e as mudanças de comportamento que ocorrem quando diferentes culturas se encontram.

Desde a metade do século XX os grupos de ajuda mútua de Narcóticos Anônimos vêm se firmando como uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pessoas que desenvolvem a síndrome de "dependência química". Surgidos como uma dissidência dos Alcoólicos Anônimos, estes grupos utilizam de maneira pragmática o conceito de "adicção" para nomear esta doença e classificam-na como incurável, sendo possível apenas o controle dos sintomas. Desta forma, a sua proposta terapêutica é pautada na abstinência total do uso de qualquer substância psicoativa e em um conjunto de princípios éticos, espirituais e subjetivos que devem ser seguidos pelos participantes com o objetivo de "vivenciarem a recuperação" através de uma mudança radical de visão de mundo. Este trabalho tem como universo de pesquisa a rede de Narcóticos Anônimos da cidade de Porto Alegre. Dentro deste universo empírico um dos objetivos da pesquisa é demonstrar, através da apresentação de quatro histórias de vida de participantes dessa rede, que a categoria "membro de Narcóticos Anônimos" é menos homogênea do que aparenta ser; há espaço para a apropriação instrumental deste universo simbólico e também para a preservação de particularidades subjetivas no processo de incorporação dessa identidade. Outro objetivo é apresentar as implicações da utilização do seu conceito próprio de "adicção" enquanto doença incurável. Finalmente, através de um relato etnográfico, procura apresentar as reuniões do grupo como um espaço marcadamente ritual, mas que preserva momentos de interação e difusão de símbolos também "fora do ritual". / Since the half of the twentieth century mutual help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous have been establishing themselves as a valid therapeutic alternative for people who develop the "chemical dependence" syndrome. Emerging as a dissidence of Alcoholics Anonymous, these groups apply a pragmatic interpretation of the "addiction" concept to name that disease and classify it as incurable; they say that only the symptoms can be controlled. This way, their therapeutic approach is based on the total abstinence of any psychoactive substance use and in a set of ethical, spiritual and subjective principles that must be followed by the members with the objective of "living the recovery" through a radical change of subjective engagement in the world. This work's universe of research is the Narcotics Anonymous' network in the city of Porto Alegre. Inside this empirical universe one of the research's objectives is to demonstrate, by the presentation of four life stories of this networks' participants, that the category "Narcotics Anonymous' member" is less homogeny than it apparent to be; there is some space to instrumental appropriation of this symbolic universe and also to the preservation of subjective particularities in the process of incorporating this identity. Another objective is to discuss the implications of using the "addiction" category as a synonymous of incurable disease. Finally, this research presents an ethnographic description of the groups' meetings as composed by a rigid ritual structure, but which also preserves moments of interaction and symbol dissemination that lie "outside from the ritual".

Migration is a current subject in today's society. Many people are forced to migrate to a new country, but many of them are moving for other reasons, for example to study, to work or start a family. The aim of this paper is to gain an increased understanding of Arabic speaking female immigrant’s experiences of the adaptation process and whether there is a change in gender identity. The selection consists of Arabic speaking women who have lived in Sweden for a maximum of five years. A qualitative approach has been used and data were collected through interviews and analyzed within the themes that were presented by the research. In analysis, four such themes were identified, such as identity, social relations, cultural differences and migration processes. The result of the study shows that the majority of the respondents perceive that they have been affected by migration, that they have experienced cultural differences in Sweden compared with their homelands and that they are influenced by their social relations. / Migration är ett aktuellt ämne i dagens samhälle. Många människor tvingas fly, men många flyttar även av andra skäl, för att exempelvis studera, arbeta eller bilda familj. Syftet med arbetet är att få en ökad förståelse kring arabisktalande kvinnliga immigranters upplevelser av anpassningsprocessen och huruvida det sker en förändring gällande deras könsidentitet. Urvalet består av arabisktalande kvinnor som flytt från sina hemländer och som har bott i Sverige i högst fem år. En kvalitativ ansats har använts och data samlades in genom intervjuer och analyserades med tematisk analys. Vid analys framkom fyra övergripande teman som var identitet, sociala relationer, kulturella skillnader och migrationsprocessen. Resultatet av undersökningen visar på att majoriteten av respondenterna upplever att de har påverkats av migrationen, att de har upplevt kulturella skillnader i Sverige jämfört med deras hemländer och att de har influerats av deras sociala relationer.

Lärare har i sin dagliga kontakt med barn en unik roll i att upptäcka barn som far illa, de omfattas av en lagstadgad, personlig och ovillkorlig anmälningsskyldighet. Trots detta är anmälningsbenägenheten generellt sett låg och det antas finnas ett stort mörkertal barn som far illa. Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka skolpersonals kunskaper om och attityder till att vid misstanke om att ett barn far illa ingripa på ett lämpligt och konstruktivt sätt. En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes. Genom tematisk analys utvärderades det empiriska materialet och empirin kopplades till tidigare forskning och teoretiska perspektiv och begrepp inom den symboliska interaktionismen. Våra slutsatser är att det finns ett glapp mellan vad skolpersonal enligt skolverket förväntas göra avseende barn som far illa och vad de gör. Vi har identifierat en bristande förmåga att identifiera barn som far illa och en hierarki där lärare kan förhindras att fullfölja sin anmälningsskyldighet. / In their daily contact with children, teachers have a unique role in detecting child-maltreatment, as mandated reporters they are subject to a statutory personal and unconditional notification. Nevertheless, reporting abilities are generally low, and it is assumed that there are a large number of children who are maltreated. The purpose of our study was to investigate school staff’s knowledge and attitudes to act in an appropriate and constructive way if suspicion arises that a child is maltreated. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews were conducted. The empirical data, evaluated through a thematic analysis and linked to previous research and theoretical perspectives and concepts within symbolic interactionism. Our conclusion is that there is a gap between how teachers act regarding maltreated children and how they are supposed to act according to skolverket. We have identified a lack of ability to identify maltreated children and a hierarchy where teachers can be prevented from completing their mandatory reporting.

Desde a metade do século XX os grupos de ajuda mútua de Narcóticos Anônimos vêm se firmando como uma alternativa terapêutica válida para pessoas que desenvolvem a síndrome de "dependência química". Surgidos como uma dissidência dos Alcoólicos Anônimos, estes grupos utilizam de maneira pragmática o conceito de "adicção" para nomear esta doença e classificam-na como incurável, sendo possível apenas o controle dos sintomas. Desta forma, a sua proposta terapêutica é pautada na abstinência total do uso de qualquer substância psicoativa e em um conjunto de princípios éticos, espirituais e subjetivos que devem ser seguidos pelos participantes com o objetivo de "vivenciarem a recuperação" através de uma mudança radical de visão de mundo. Este trabalho tem como universo de pesquisa a rede de Narcóticos Anônimos da cidade de Porto Alegre. Dentro deste universo empírico um dos objetivos da pesquisa é demonstrar, através da apresentação de quatro histórias de vida de participantes dessa rede, que a categoria "membro de Narcóticos Anônimos" é menos homogênea do que aparenta ser; há espaço para a apropriação instrumental deste universo simbólico e também para a preservação de particularidades subjetivas no processo de incorporação dessa identidade. Outro objetivo é apresentar as implicações da utilização do seu conceito próprio de "adicção" enquanto doença incurável. Finalmente, através de um relato etnográfico, procura apresentar as reuniões do grupo como um espaço marcadamente ritual, mas que preserva momentos de interação e difusão de símbolos também "fora do ritual". / Since the half of the twentieth century mutual help groups such as Narcotics Anonymous have been establishing themselves as a valid therapeutic alternative for people who develop the "chemical dependence" syndrome. Emerging as a dissidence of Alcoholics Anonymous, these groups apply a pragmatic interpretation of the "addiction" concept to name that disease and classify it as incurable; they say that only the symptoms can be controlled. This way, their therapeutic approach is based on the total abstinence of any psychoactive substance use and in a set of ethical, spiritual and subjective principles that must be followed by the members with the objective of "living the recovery" through a radical change of subjective engagement in the world. This work's universe of research is the Narcotics Anonymous' network in the city of Porto Alegre. Inside this empirical universe one of the research's objectives is to demonstrate, by the presentation of four life stories of this networks' participants, that the category "Narcotics Anonymous' member" is less homogeny than it apparent to be; there is some space to instrumental appropriation of this symbolic universe and also to the preservation of subjective particularities in the process of incorporating this identity. Another objective is to discuss the implications of using the "addiction" category as a synonymous of incurable disease. Finally, this research presents an ethnographic description of the groups' meetings as composed by a rigid ritual structure, but which also preserves moments of interaction and symbol dissemination that lie "outside from the ritual".

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-08T15:30:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 danieljorgesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1338699 bytes, checksum: 3b9d76614943f66d44c1710f6f355bb2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:34:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 danieljorgesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1338699 bytes, checksum: 3b9d76614943f66d44c1710f6f355bb2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:34:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danieljorgesallesdefreitas.pdf: 1338699 bytes, checksum: 3b9d76614943f66d44c1710f6f355bb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-27 / Nas sociedades democráticas contemporâneas o medo tem produzido importantes efeitos nas formas como o público percebe questões ligadas ao crime e à segurança pública. Mais do que uma simples emoção, em tais sociedades o medo do crime se configura como uma perspectiva de mundo, ou seja, uma maneira naturalizada através da qual as pessoas definem a realidade em que vivem e orientam as suas condutas. Sob a orientação teórica do Interacionismo Simbólico, este trabalho analisa o papel dos meios de comunicação de massa no processo de transformação do medo do crime em uma perspectiva de mundo. Os meios de comunicação são compreendidos como fontes simbólicas privilegiadas a partir das quais o público define situações e constrói a realidade. A mediação entre as representações do crime nos meios de comunicação e as percepções da audiência de massa é mediada por formatos comunicacionais que se baseiam em perspectivas de medo e insegurança, o que, segundo o sociólogo David Altheide, conduz a um processo social que ele identifica ―política do medo‖: a naturalização de uma perspectiva de realidade na qual o crime é percebido como um fator em descontrole, uma ameaça constante à segurança pessoal dos indivíduos que, por sua vez, passam a demandar do poder público intervenções mais duras e punitivas em relação à criminalidade e a apoiar medidas típicas do populismo penal. A fim de identificar a existência de elementos característicos desse processo no Brasil, é feita uma análise interpretativa da cobertura televisiva da Rede Globo da ocupação policial do Complexo de Favelas do Alemão e Vila Cruzeiro no Rio de Janeiro em 2010. A abordagem da pesquisa segue o conjunto de orientações metodológicas sugerido por David Altheide para a realização do que ele denomina ―Análise Etnográfica de Documentos‖, e leva a conclusão de que o medo do crime ocupa importante lugar na percepção da realidade do público brasileiro e repercute em aspectos importantes da vida social, destacadamente nas expectativas quanto à atuação do Estado na área da segurança pública. / In contemporary democratic societies, fear has produced important effects in the ways public perceives issues related to crime and public safety. More than a simple emotion, in such societies the fear of crime became a perspective, a take-for-granted form through which people see the world, define reality in which they live and direct their conducts. Under the guidance of Symbolic Interactionism, this work analyzes the role of mass media in this changing process of fear of crime in a way to comprehend the world. The media are understood as privileged symbolic sources by which the public defines situations and constructs the reality. The mediation between the representations of crime in the media and the perceptions of the audience is made by communicational formats based on fear and insecurity prospects, which, according to sociologist David Altheide, leads to a social process he calls "politics of fear": the naturalization of a definition of reality in which crime is perceived as a factor out of control, a constant threat to the personal safety of individuals who, in turn, begin to demand government interventions tougher e more punitive in relation to crime, and support typical measures of penal populism. In order to identify the existence of characteristic elements of this process in Brazil is made an interpretive analytics of the TV Globo coverage of police occupation of Alemão and Vila Cruzeiro slums in Rio de Janeiro in 2010. The research approach follows the set of methodological guidelines suggested by David Altheide to the realization of what he calls "Ethnographic Analysis of Documents", and leads to the conclusion that the fear of crime occupies important place in the brazilian public's perception of reality, what reflects on important aspects of social life, notably in State‘s actions in public safety.