Os Procedimentos de Manifestação de Interesse (PMI) e Propostas Não Solicitadas (PNS) são mecanismos para a viabilização de projetos de Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP/PFIs). Contudo, a ausência de critérios claros para avaliação e priorização de parceiros, de forma transparente e técnica, leva à seleção adversa de propostas, contribuindo para o insucesso dos projetos. O principal instrumento utilizado na avaliação PPP/PFIs é uma análise quantitativa baseada no Value For Money (VfM). O propósito deste trabalho foi investigar os problemas relacionados com os processos de avaliação das propostas dos PMI submetidas aos órgãos demandantes dos serviços. Iniciou-se com a análise do Fatores Críticos para o Sucesso (FCSs) das PPP/PFIs, dos PMI e PNS, identificadas na literatura. Os Fatores Críticos foram apresentados a um conjunto de 78 especialistas que responderam também sobre a processo de análise das propostas. No questionário os autores foram confrontados também com as propriedades da visão. O resultado indica que a análise com o VfM seria incompleta e insuficiente para capturar a complexidade do escopo destes projetos. A pesquisa possibilitou ainda organizar os fatores críticos em 7 dimensões a serem consideradas na avaliação destes projetos. Essas dimensões podem ser utilizadas para a criação de instrumentos de avaliação e um exemplo foi proposto, um indicador nomeado de índice \"T\", avaliado por um grupo de 12 especialistas em projetos de PPP/PFIs. A pesquisa contribui, portanto, para apoiar a criação de instrumentos de avaliação de PPP/PFIs que considerem uma análise mais ampla, considerando aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos. / Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs) are one of the main mechanisms for verifying the feasibility of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP/PFIs/PFIs) projects. However, the lack of clear criteria to evaluate and to prioritize the partner, in a transparent and technical way, has led to adverse selection of proposals increasing the level of failure of these projects. The main instrument used in the PPP/PFIs evaluation is a quantitative analysis based on Value for Money. The purpose of this research was to investigate the problems related with the processes of evaluation of the Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs) that are submitted to the respective government offices. The study compiles the analysis of Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for Public-Private Partnerships (PPP/PFI) and the Unsolicited Proposals (UNPs), identified in the literature, and synthetized by the evaluation of a group of 78 specialists, resulting in the organization of 7 (seven) dimensions to be considered in the evaluation of these projects. This study also demonstrated that, according to these experts, the analysis with VfM would be incomplete and insufficient to capture the complexity of the scope of these projects. As an alternative a set of 7 (seven) indicators where created related to each dimension and a general index that synthetize the performance in the dimensions, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects. The index was labeled as \"T\" index and evaluated by a group of 12 (twelve) experts on PPP/PFI projects. The results from the analyses indicate that the index allows a linear comparative analysis between the proposals received by the public entity requesting the Public- Private Partnership (PPP/PFI) services. The model of indicators decreases the subjectivity of the choices made by public managers, resulting in greater transparency for the process of proposal qualification and security to the market.

Este trabalho busca refletir sobre as aproximações e afastamentos entre as políticas que se utilizam de projetos urbanos e as de desenvolvimento local. Para isto debate os conceitos de desenvolvimento local extraindo seus elementos definidores para serem utilizados como categorias de análise dos estudos de caso selecionados. O conceito de projeto urbano também foi objeto de discussão, destacando sua faceta de instrumento de gestão e o princípio de apoiar o desenvolvimento de segmentos da cidade de modo amplo, promovendo melhorias físicas, econômicas e sociais. Foram selecionados seis estudos de caso, bastante diversos entre si, com o propósito de discutir a amplitude da prática dos projetos urbanos, suas aderências ou não com o desenvolvimento local e as contradições entre a teoria e a prática. Foram selecionados o Puerto Madero e o Distrito de Design em Buenos Aires, na Argentina; o Complexo Estação das Docas e o Complexo Ver-o-Peso em Belém, capital do Pará; o projeto Eixo Tamanduatehy em Santo André-SP; e o projeto Centro Vivo em São José dos Campos-SP. Este último possibilitou a reflexão sobre a prática da intervenção urbana, uma vez que a autora participou de sua elaboração, enquanto os demais propiciaram uma reflexão a partir da análise feita por outros autores sobre os projetos. Ao final do estudo é possível esboçar a ideia de que o projeto urbano, dependendo das características que assume, pode ser um exemplo territorializado de desenvolvimento local. / This work aims for a reflection about the correspondences and dissimilarities between the policies that utilize urban projects and those of local development. In order to do that, it debates the local development concepts and extracts its key defining elements so these can serve as categories of analysis for selected case studies. The concept of urban project is also an object of discussion, specially its role as a management means to support the development of segment of a city in an ample way, thus promoting spatial, economical and social improvements. Six diverse case studies were selected with the goal of discussing the amplitude of the practice of urban projects, its similarities or not with local development and the contradictions between theory and practice. The selected case studies were Puerto Madero and the Distrito de Design in Buenos Aires, Argentina; the Complexo Estação das Docas and the Complexo Ver-o-Peso in Belém, capital of Pará (a state in Brazil); the project Eixo Tamanduatehy in Santo André, a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil; the project Centro Vivo in São José dos Campos also a city in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The latter case allowed a reflection about the practice of urban intervention from the perspective of the author who participated in its elaboration. The other five case studies supported a reflection based on the analyses performed by other authors. At the end of this study, it is possible to outline the idea that the urban project, depending on the characteristics that it assumes, can be a territorialized example of local development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Laredo.pdf: 49101782 bytes, checksum: 13c61a26c161e1172dffdd2878f055d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-21 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research approaches the implementation of Praça Victor Civita (Victor Civita Square), situated in Pinheiros district, in São Paulo. The area, once environmentally degraded, was rehabilitated through a funding and management modality called public-private partnership . By researching concepts that define what is public and what is private, we try to determine if the public space created through the partnership between the government and the private sector is actually public and made for the public, and its meaning. We use examples of international experiences to compare the situation observed in São Paulo, aiming at recognizing the differences that make partnerships more effective, when we consider not only the private business, but also society as a partner in shaping the public space. This work offers an overview of the partnership, including its conception, processes, project and deployment of Praça Victor Civita. / Esta pesquisa aborda a implantação da Praça Victor Civita, localizada no bairro de Pinheiros, na cidade de São Paulo. Em uma área marcada pela degradação ambiental, surge a possibilidade de reabilitação por meio da modalidade de financiamento e gestão denominada parceria público-privada . Ao levantar conceitos que definem o que é público e o que é privado, tentamos verificar se o espaço público, criado por meio da parceria entre o poder público e o setor privado, é de fato público e feito para o público, e o seu real significado. Utilizamos alguns exemplos de experiências internacionais para traçar um paralelo com a situação observada na cidade de São Paulo com o objetivo de reconhecer as diferenças que tornam as parcerias mais efetivas, considerando não só a iniciativa privada, mas também a sociedade, como parceiras na construção do espaço público. Este trabalho oferece um panorama de como foi o processo da parceria, concepção, projeto e implantação da Praça Victor Civita.

Over the last three decades, scholars in management, policy, and geography have examined the growing economic, social, and spatial impact of the financial sector. Venture capital firms have been a focus, generating a contested but deep literature around the roles of such "value-adding" capital providers in supporting the growth of firms, industries, and various territorial innovation models. In parallel, there has been substantial government support-financial, regulatory, and otherwise-of these private sector financial intermediaries, despite scepticism. The past twenty years have seen the emergence and rapid growth of analogous funders in the third sector, itself the realm of substantial experimentation and growth. These new intermediaries, "venture philanthropists", have become important players in shaping, structuring, and channelling funding to the third sector. The activities and effects of venture philanthropists are underexplored, as are their growing interactions with governments-despite intentional and striking similarities between the evolution of venture capital and that of venture philanthropy. This dissertation addresses these gaps by systematically examining the emergence, evolution, and operational practices of two influential British venture philanthropy funds: the first such fund in Europe (Impetus Trust) and the first fund in the world co-created with the state (Inspiring Scotland). The two venture philanthropy organisations (VPOs)-one with roots in venture capital, the other with roots in the voluntary and government sectors-both conducted the venture capital-inspired operational model of venture philanthropy in similar ways. That said, the VPOs reflected the logics and practices of their founders and funders. Impetus Trust more closely resembled early-stage venture capital, with a reliance on London-based networks, funders, and service providers-and a heavily London-focused portfolio. Inspiring Scotland evidenced the logics of government rather than charity in several instances, with substantial original research into social issues, heavily structured portfolios on set timelines, and regionally-distributed staff. This approach broadened access, allowing support of SPOs and their clients across various (and underserved) geographies, but limited options for opportunity-driven or expressive functions of philanthropy. I surveyed the CEOs of most organisations supported by the two venture philanthropy funds (82 of 98 charities and social businesses), supplemented by interviews of selected CEOs and the founders and staff of the two funds. I find that, overall, the two VPOs each engaged in seven core activities of venture capital, intentionally adapting them to the third sector: sourcing and selection, due diligence, an engaged relationship, provision of funding, provision of non-financial support, creation of network linkages, and intentional exiting of relationships. As in venture capital, this process had broader effects: providing signals of investee quality, preparing investees for subsequent funding, and expanding networks. The combination of long-term relationships and high formal reporting requirements imposed significant costs for SPOs-and also created a virtuous cycle of trust and collaboration between VPOs and SPOs. The venture philanthropy model also had broader societal effects, creating data regarding individual organisations and the efficacy of responses to social issues, which in both cases informed policy. As intermediaries, venture philanthropists decreased power differentials and improved the flow of (oft-anonymized) information amongst funders, statutory bodies, and funded organisations, facilitating several types of collaboration. SPO managers indicated that they received, on average, approximately ten different types of non-financial support-like strategy consulting, human resources support, or legal counsel. These managers reported in interviews and surveys that the non-financial services provided by venture philanthropists were highly valued, on average. Further, managers believed these services provided more value than it cost the VPOs to provide them. Likewise, managers highly valued most forms of new networking connections (though not all services or linkages were found to be valuable). Smaller SPOs valued services and network links more highly than larger SPOs, although all sizes of SPOs indicated both were valuable, on average. Importantly, this data was provided by SPO managers and focused on the SPO-VPO dyad-rather than provided by VPOs and focused at the portfolio or trust level. This filled an important gap in the literature: academics and practitioners often lament that the voices of charities supported by foundations are not often enough heard, which limits our understanding of many aspects of organizational philanthropy and its effects-in particular the burdens and benefits for recipient organisations. I documented the co-creation of the first government-supported venture philanthropy fund through eleven interviews with founding managers and government officials. This model, in which state, private, and civil society actors collectively founded and funded a value-adding capital provider, militates against neoliberal assumptions of an ever-diminishing state, as does the leveraging of private resources in alignment with state aims-though it raises concerns around democratic processes, accountability, and local control. This work helps inform the changing nature of the voluntary sector and its relationship with the state. I focus on the increasing interaction of actors between and across systems-sometimes in new roles and coordinated by new intermediaries-in the allocation of resources and delivery of services in the public interest. These new interactions inform broad bodies of work that seek to understand changing sectoral roles, most notably discourses surrounding neoliberalism(s), financialisation, and public management. Overall, I find privately- and publicly-funded venture philanthropy playing a role in the third sector analogous to the role of venture capital in the private sector, with similar practices and concomitant effects in data generation, network formation and strengthening, facilitating partnerships, and signalling the quality of supported organisations. By examining two such emerging models of capital provision, I contribute grounded understanding of the way such systems are created and function across the private, public, and third sectors.

Since the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007, members of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) have sought to strengthen ASEAN's regional economies through a digital trade project known as the ASEAN Single Window (ASW). The purpose of this case study was to explore the business strategies that multinational organizational leaders used to overcome business barriers while implementing ASEAN partnership contracts and ASW region-wide projects. This study may be unique in that, at the time of this research, there was no published study in which researchers had explored a single window for a vast, multination geographical region. Data collection was done via in-depth interviews with ASW executives, studying online ASW-related conferences, and examining relevant strategic documents. A 6-phase thematic analysis process based on methodological triangulation corroborated the data and addressed construct validity through data familiarization, generating initial coding, categorizing codes and searching for themes, breaking codes into subcategories, data reduction and defining and naming themes, and report generation. The 4 strategic themes that emerged were business models and processes, public-private partnerships, project management methodologies, and overlapping themes. The findings offer insights into ways to overcome the ASW's constraints and barriers. These strategic themes developed into a list of critical success factors and a summary list of principle business strategies and best practices. The implication for social change is a regionally collaborative trading environment providing potential economic options that not only impede the deterioration of the regional social fabric but support new opportunities such as trade liberalization and economic stability.

面對要做的事無限，但能力有限之困境，政府部門的發展之道大致可歸納為二：（一）建立與提昇政府的能力—此涵蓋採行廣泛措施、活動的概念，這些措施的目的在於提昇公民和政府的能力，冀望產生更有效及更有回應力的公共服務與財貨。（二）市政業務民營化或協力化—透過民營化或協力化機制（規劃者、協調者、整合者及推動者）統合、激發運用民間資源。 　　在面對資源稀少性下，可運用幾項策略：（1）推動民營化；（2）形塑公民意識；（3）採行減肥措施；（4）採行合夥措施；（5）採用第三部門等五種策略。其中採行合夥措施接近公私部門協力關係，基本上，推動公私部門協力關係需奠立於公民意識和參與基礎之上。因為若有堅固的公民意識和參與基礎，將能導引公共政策的走向，同時減輕政府沉重的負擔。 　　在面對沉重的財政壓力與政策需求下，政府已開始改變做事方式，大力倡導公私部門協力，並允許公私部門間的競爭（劉毓玲，民82）。整個公私部門關係的轉變，由陌生到競爭合作，這些作法乃至於政府主動尋求私部門的協力參與；其主要核心觀念是改造政府具有效率和品質的政府，公部門不再只強調公平性的原則，同時要提高公共服務的水準，以因應民眾需求。「公私部門的協力關係（或稱合夥關係）」（public-private partnership）已成為目前國家建設公共政策上非常重要的一種理念。 　　筆者認為公私部門協力關係是：公私部門以平等互惠、共同參與、責任分擔的原則，建立一個以公民參與為基礎，以公共責任為核心，以公共利益為目的，結合公部門、私部門、第三部門及公民，並以建立公私協力機制為連結的公共服務責任網（network of responsibility），它具有下列內涵:（1）公私部門協力是公私部門組織文化性和結構性的改變；（2）公私部門協力兼顧效率與公共性；（3）公私部門協力是一種組織的關係或網絡。 　　因此，在本文中，首先探討公私部門關係，包括民營化方向及第三部門的參與，進而探討公私部門合作的新方向—公私部門協力關係。繼而論及公私部門協力理論，探討理論基礎—公民參與理論及新政府運動，再者論及公私部門協力運用策略、限制與解決之道。並以台北市社區大學的個案研究，探討公私部門在此一公共政策的合作關係。最後，希望作一理論與個案之整合，由公共利益與公共性的維護、公共責任的落實、公私協力機制的法制化探討公私部門協力關係的必要發展--公私協力機制的發展。此些觀念之內涵如下： 一、公共利益與公共性的維護 　　學者C.Ventriss(1991：12)曾言：「行政是政府的重心，而公共才是國家的核心」，一語點出「公共性」對於一個國家或政府的重要性，以及公共行政的核心價值所在。「公共性」積極意義的彰顯，也就是指人類共同事務必須經由社群成員的主動參與，以及成員間的相互溝通、意見表達，以形成共識，而這樣的共識及其付諸實踐的一切行動將有助於群體公益以及共同美善(common good)。 社區大學的成立，結合了政府部門、民間部門及社區團體及社區居民的共同參與而成立，其上課方式亦採取讓公民參與、公民自主的方式，充分展現了公共性的價值。 二、公共責任的落實 　　公私部門協力關係責任的承擔是由協力雙方共同承擔，這可由兩個面向探討之，一為政策議程設定，一為行政官僚組織人員。在議程的設定方面，有那些議題能被列入議程中討論，乃至於形成政策？以「參與式民主」（participatory democracy）的觀點而言，參與式民主意指（1）使政府行政人員的選拔過程更受一般平民的影響，此涉及政黨的民主化；（2）把許多與國家大致上無關的決策由地方政府或社會人民集會成立，以制衡中央過分集中的權力及行政官僚的勢力；（3）私人性組織的「民主化」等政策。參與式民主的觀點啟發了日後公共事務管理的新思維，如社區自覺與自治、公眾參與，以至於公私部門協力關係。因此，依據民主的意涵，議程設定的應然決策者應為人民，實現主權在民的理念。而公私部門協力關係亦可視為一種人民的參與和監督方式，藉由此種機制彌補議程設定的障礙，讓有些具有重要性、迫切性的議題或弱勢團體的需求，可以透過公私部門協力關係而予以處理。 　　在行政官僚組織探討上，一個健全的民主行政發展應考量以下幾個原則：（1）公共取向；（2）深思熟慮的抉擇；（3）公正正直的行為；（4）程序的尊重；（5）程序的尊重。 三、公私協力機制的法制化 　　公私部門協力關係的建立，並不意味協力雙方可以恣意作為而不受約束。公私部門協力關係不限於傳統的政治監督方式，可由具公信力的團體組織負責監督或用「誘因監督」方式由協力雙方根據預算和利益分配進行良性互動監督，即創造出一「公私協力機制」，以利永續經營發展。 　　就社區大學的未來發展而言，除須克服法令的限制外，另外尚須配合下列措施，以兼顧公平、正義與效率： 一、訂定類似委託民間辦理實施要點，逐步引進營利部門共同推動公共政策，以保障弱勢群體的權益，使其不致成為民營化的犧牲者。 二、積極輔導民間非營利部門健全發展，使服務供給市場能充分發展，增加民眾的選擇性，真正達到競爭、效率、高品質的目標，如此才能真正達到公私協力多元的供給體系目標。 　　台北市文山區社區大學的成立代表了兩層意義：一是它代表著將知識的喜悅帶出學術殿堂，培養公民大眾的批判理性，健全公共理性的論述機制，提昇競爭力及生活素質，並期許為社會重建的起點，建立終身學習社會的使命。二是文山區社區大學的設置係由民間社團、社區組織、台北市政府共同協力達成的，這不但突破現今教育部設置「大學」的法令限制，更是公部門與私部門協力完成的一個範例，它的成功與否將成為公私部門協力的研究一項重要指標。 目錄 第一章 緒論……..…..……………………………………………..1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………..1 第二節 研究途徑、方法與限制…………………………………..5 第三節 文獻檢視……………………………………………..……8 第四節 研究架構與流程………………………………………….20 第二章 公私部門關係之分析……..………………………….……27 第一節 公私部門關係探討….……………………………………27 第二節 公共事務民營化探討……………………………….……34 第三節 非營利組織與政府的互動關係………………………….37 第四節 公私部門合作的新方向………………………………….39 第三章 公私部門協力理論與策略分析..……………………….…45 第一節 公私部門協力理論……………………………………….45 第二節 公私部門協力策略……………………………………….51 第三節 公私部門協力理論限制與解決之道…………………….58 第四章 公私部門協力關係應用於台北社區大學之分析..……….70 第一節 台北市社區大學方案規劃過程………………………….70 第二節 台北市社區大學方案法制化問題……………………….76 第三節 台北市社區大學方案執行………………………..…...80 第四節 台北市社區大學方案評估…………..……………..….86 第五章 公私協力機制的建立…………………………………….…92 第一節 公共利益與公共性的維護……………………………...92 第二節 公共責任的落實………………………………………...97 第三節 公私協力機制的法制化……………………………....102 第六章 結論…………………………………………………………104 第一節 研究發現..……………………………………………..104 第二節 研究建議..……………………………………………..110 參考書目………………..….………………………………………117 附錄一 訪談紀錄 附錄二 台北市政府試辦社區大學實施要點 附錄三 台北市政府試辦社區大學委託大專院校或民間團體經營契約範本

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:17510035 研究代表者:白川 博章 研究期間:2005-2006年度

人口販運是一個已經全球化大大增加了全球性的問題，非法貿易的興起，以及冷戰的結束. 販毒後. 販賣人口是脖子到脖子軍火工業作為世界上第二大犯罪行業. 其目的是研究拉丁美洲的人口販賣情況和瓜地馬拉的公私營界別合作推行的反人口販賣活動. 由於在該區域的有限調查, 這項研究將是讀者不知道在拉丁美洲人口販賣的情況作出了貢獻。這項研究將使用輔助數據，如多邊組織的報告，政府機構，而且最重要的進行了訪談，以非政府組織。PPP的工作經歷在瓜地馬拉的兩個信道是積極的。政府機構間和打擊販賣人口的政府機構，非政府組織，政府間組織和非政府組織組成的網絡。這項研究描述了從政府方面所做的努力，以及在打擊人口販運瓜地馬拉非政府組織的知識和專長。 / Human Trafficking is a global issue increased dramatically with globalization, the rise of illicit trade, and the end of the Cold War. After drug trafficking, human trafficking is neck-to-neck with the arms industry as the second largest criminal industry in the world. The purpose is to study Latin America’s human trafficking situation and Guatemala’s Private-Public Partnership in implementing anti-human trafficking activities. Due to the limited investigations in the region, this study will be a contribution to readers that do not know the situation of human trafficking in Latin America. The study will use secondary data such as reports from multilateral organizations, government institutions, and most importantly conducted interviews to NGOs. The PPP work has been positive through two channels of communication in Guatemala. The interagency of government institutions and the network against human trafficking composed of the government institutions, INGOs, IGOs and NGOs. This study describes the efforts from the government side as well as the knowledge and expertise on NGOs in combating human trafficking in Guatemala.

Per XX a. paskutinius dešimtmečius viešojo ir privataus sektorių santykis gerokai pasikeitė. Tradiciškai viešojo sektoriaus veiklos sričiai priskirtų paslaugų teikimui ar infrastruktūros modernizavimui ir plėtimui imta naudoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystę. Koncesija yra vienas iš partnerystės modeliu. Ją galima apibūdinti kaip susitarimą tarp viešojo ir privataus sektorių, kurio tikslas sujungti viešuosius ir privačius išteklius, siekiant realizuoti viešosios politikos tikslus. Lietuvoje koncesijos, lyginant su kitomis valstybėmis, yra naujas reiškinys, neturintis tradicijų ir patirties. Viešosios institucijos retai nusprendžia investicijas pritraukti koncesijos sutarčių pagrindu. Šio darbo objektas yra koncesija. Tikslas - išnagrinėti koncesijų taikymo galimybes Lietuvoje. Tikslo pasiekimui iškelti trys uždaviniai, kurie nulėmė darbo struktūrą. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje analizuojant mokslinę literatūrą ir taikant apibendrinimo metodą nagrinėjamos ekonominės – socialinės viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės atsiradimo prielaidos ir partnerystės sąvoka. Antrojoje dalyje, analizuojant viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės taikymo galimybes atliekama mokslinės literatūros ir informacinių šaltinių analizė, taikomas klasifikavimo ir sisteminimo metodas. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje vertinant koncesijų taikymo galimybės atliekamas kokybinis tyrimas, suformuluojami pagrindiniai klausimai, atliekama norminių teisės aktų ir informacinių šaltinių lyginamoji analizė... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Infrastructure has been traditionally viewed as a natural monopoly under the management, control, financial responsibility of the central and local government. However, various countries of the world have shown a growing interest in Concessions (one of the Public Private Partnership model) over the last two decades. Concession is arrangement in which the public and private sectors join together to produce and deliver goods and services. It is a sufficiently new phenomenon in Lithuania and some shortcomings are noticeable in its application. The object of this thesis is Concession. The aim of work is to analyze possibilities to apply the concession in Lithuania. Three tasks were established for the realizing the goal meanwhile determining the structure of thesis. In the first part of thesis there is analysed Public Private Partnership, as phenomena, using analysis of academic literature. In the second part, by using analysis of special and statistical literature, there are analysed subjects influencing Public Private Partnership and experience of various countries of the world in the developing Partnership policy. Situation in Lithuania by excluding main prerequisites for developing concessions is analysed in the third part, using qualitative analysis of academic and special literature, laws, conference materials, comparative, case study methods and quantitative analysis by carrying out a survey of Municipalities opinion. Analysis of theoretical and practical aspects has shown... [to full text]

【研究動機與目的】「公私協力」已成為當代政府運作與學術研究風潮，然協力研究實際上忽略一重要議題，即公私部門管理者對於協力究竟抱持著什麼樣的態度。由於態度會決定人的行為模式，對於在制度與組織層面提出各項能左右協力成效的要件，但也不能忽略運用這些遊戲規則的卻是代表組織的公私部門管理者。再者，對於公私協力的研究多採單一經濟途徑，較缺乏整全跨學科領域的實證模型。基於上述，本研究主要分從公私部門管理者角度，建構融合經濟與社會-心理的理論途徑，探究公私部門管理者在契約管理上的態度意向「為何」與「如何」對協力行為產生影響(正式契約與關係治理)。並以目前公私協力中最具爭議且重要的長期照顧制度做為研究個案。 【研究設計】本研究主要研究目的有二，其一，探討現階段長期照顧制度中，公私部門管理者對於委託代理的預期、協調運作機制以及對於績效的看法。這個部份將透過質化訪談方式進行資料蒐集；其二，藉由結構方程模式循證公私部門管理者對於委託代理的態度，及此態度如何影響管理者的契約管理行為(正式契約與關係治理)，及此行為如何影響協力成效。而本研究實證模型將整合經濟與社會心理途徑，希冀涵容跨學科及實務現象。 【研究結果】本研究主要貢獻在於以公私部門管理者為分析單位，建構融合經濟與社會途徑的公私協力成效模式。同時以質量化方式驗證協力成效理論模式與實務間的契合度。主要研究發現如下：1、官僚體制在面對行政變革時會產生心態與行為上的不一致性；2、公部門希冀透過正式契約作為契約運作機制；然私部門則較偏向於關係治理機制；3、影響契約研擬因素中以社會心理因素較重要於經濟因素的影響；4、從質量化資料驗證正式契約與關係治理是互補關係而非抵換關係；5、居家服務委外呈現公私部門雙方的資源互賴，在互動中也透過社會交換行為以維繫互賴關係的穩定。針對以上發現，在未來實務建議上，可透過組際信任的培植，來厚植公私協力的理想治理情境；建議將長期照顧管理中心定位為正式機關而非臨時的任務編組；透過組織文化的潛移默化調整官僚體對於去人性化的本質，而從重視正式契約轉向關係治理的培植；為求關係治理機制的培育與應用，契約規範應跳脫交易成本的假定。在未來研究上，建議以時間遞移為主軸，縱貫式解構協力的動態過程；官僚體制中的組織文化，對於協力本質與行為的影響將是值得深入討論的議題。