In the event of a nuclear power plant accident, fission products could be released into the atmosphere potentially affecting the health of local citizens. In order to triage the possibly large number of people impacted, a detection device is needed that can acquire data quickly and that is sensitive to internal contamination. The portal monitor TPM-903B was investigated for use in the event of a fission product release. A list of fission products released from a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) was generated and separated into two groups--Group 1 (gamma- and beta-emitting fission products) and Group 2 (strictly beta-emitting fission products.) Group one fission products were used in the previously validated Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNP) model of the portal monitor. Two MIRD anthropomorphic phantom types were implemented in the MCNP model--the Adipose Male and Child phantoms. Dose and Risk Calculation software (DCAL) provided inhalation biokinetic data that were applied to the output of the MCNP modeling to determine the radionuclide concentrations in each organ as a function of time. For each phantom type, these data were used to determine the total body counts associated with each individual gamma-emitting fission product. Corresponding adult and child dose coefficients were implemented to determine the total body counts per 250 mSv. A weighted sum of all of the isotopes involved was performed. The ratio of dose associated with gamma-emitting fission products to the total of all fission products was determined based on corresponding dose coefficients and relative abundance. This ratio was used to project the total body counts corresponding to 250mSv for the entire fission product release inhalation--including all types of radiation. The developed procedure sheets will be used by first response personnel in the event of a fission product release.

This thesis deals with the optimisation of the selected manufacturing process. The aim is to analyse the effectiveness of the selected welding and assembly lines. Another objective is to do a detailed analysis for the line with the lowest efficiency in terms of cycle time and the Overall Equipment Effectiveness and calculate the lost production time due to availability, performance and defects. The third objective is to identify possible measures leading to higher utilization of manufacturing line and to propose a possible implementation. The theoretical part is based on the literature examining the term standardization, the norms of labour intensity, the cycle time, the Total Productive Maintenance and the calculation of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness. In the practical part the profile of Car manufacturing is being presented, the analysis of secondary data to calculate the Overall Equipment Effectiveness is being done and the appropriate manufacturing line for the innovative plan is being selected. Furthermore, the analysis of secondary data regarding the effectiveness of the using time of the manufacturing line is being done, the calculation of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness and the collection of primary data is being carried out. Subsequently, the problematic spots of the manufacturing line are being found and the possible measures leading to higher efficiency of manufacturing line are being proposed.

The aim of this diploma thesis is the practical implementation of lean manufactur-ing elements according to the lean methodology in an engineering company engaged in job production in order to reduce waste and increase production efficiency. At the beginning of the thesis is a presentation of a company that manufactures steam turbines. The following is a short chapter on the background of lean manufactur-ing, focusing on the Kaizen philosophy. The main focus of this thesis is on 3 projects of a practical demonstration of the application of lean manufacturing. The aims are to re-duce waste, streamline production and other individual goals. Each project contains an introduction to the problem, setting its goals, performing a root cause analysis with pro-posing measures to meet the project objectives. The evaluation of the project contains both the achieved benefits as well as the limitations of the provided solution. At the end of this work is an overall evaluation of the financial benefits and costs of individual projects.

The project of master’s thesis elaborated within engineering studies of engineering technology deals with concept of manufacturing procedure of connecting pin made of steel 11 320 5R with cold forming. Two variants of production technique were projected based on the literature study of the cold heading and cold extrusion. Selected variant, for which the technological calculation was accomplished, consists of five forming operations. Manufacture was projected for multistage automatic forming machine TPM 8-A made by manufacturer Šmeral Brno with nominal forming force 1000 kN. Tool steel 19 436 was chosen as a material of extrusion and heading tools.

El presente proyecto es realizado en una empresa textil y propone al TPM como herramienta de Ingeniería para incrementar la disponibilidad y confiabilidad en máquinas con mayor índice de fallas en la compañía y de esta manera conseguir la reducción del tiempo de entrega de los pedidos, que es el problema principal que afronta la empresa en este momento. Con la Implementación del TPM en la empresa textil se logra reducir los tiempos de espera en un 35%, siendo las maquinarias más críticas que presentan fallas las siguientes: el caldero, la urdidora, las tejedoras y la rama textil. / This project is carried out in a textile company and proposes the TPM as an Engineering tool to increase the availability and reliability in machines with the highest failure rate in the company and thus achieve a reduction in the delivery time of orders, which is the main problem facing the company at the moment. With the Implementation of the TPM in the textile company, waiting times are reduced by 35%, the following being the most critical machinery with failures: the cauldron, the warping machine, the weavers and the textile branch. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El problema para tratar en esta investigación es la mejora de la baja productividad en una empresa metalmecánica. Esto significa que producen a un nivel menor de lo que pueden con la capacidad y recursos que poseen, originando altas pérdidas para la empresa por lo que es un indicador de gran importancia. Por ello, este estudio propone la mejora del proceso productivo a través de un modelo que implementa técnicas Lean Manufacturing en la línea de elaboración cerraduras en una metalmecánica, ubicada en Lima. El estudio se realizó mediante el uso de herramientas de ingeniería que diagnosticaron la situación actual y las causas del problema. En consecuencia, las técnicas a implementar son 5´s, TPM, Six Sigma y Poka Yoke con el fin de reducir los productos defectuosos, tiempos improductivos y los tiempos de paradas de máquina para poder mejorar el nivel de productividad. Los resultados permitieron la mejora en la productividad en 9.6%. / The problem to address in this research is the improvement of low productivity in a metalworking company. This means that they produce at a lower level than they can with the capacity and resources they possess, causing high losses for the company, which is why it is an indicator of great importance. For this reason, this study proposes the improvement of the production process through a model that implements Lean Manufacturing techniques in the line of manufacturing locks in a metal mechanic, located in Lima. The study was conducted using engineering tools that diagnosed the current situation and the causes of the problem. Consequently, the techniques to implement are 5's, TPM, Six Sigma and Poka Yoke in order to reduce defective products, unproductive times and machine downtime in order to improve the level of productivity. The results allowed an improvement in productivity by 9.6%. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación presenta el análisis realizado para una problemática dentro de una empresa del sector minero con una data de 13 meses periodo 2020 - 2021. Se identificaron las causas principales y se propone una solución para el proceso de recuperación de muestra y el mantenimiento preventivo o correctivo. Se detalla la información teórica necesaria para entender los procesos de la empresa en el sector de estudio y la metodología aplicada Ingeniería de Métodos, la cual fue aplicada en el proceso de recuperación de muestra. Además, se describen casos de éxito donde fue aplicada distintas herramientas de la metodología que fue empleada en esta investigación con la finalidad de tener una mejor visión de la técnica y un sustento de lo aplicable. Además, se muestra los resultados obtenidos luego de la implementación de un plan piloto dentro de la empresa en un periodo superior de 2 meses. Finalmente, se tiene una discusión sobre los resultados obtenidos frente a similares dentro de área industrial y se visualiza la eficiencia obtenida. / This research work presents the analysis carried out for a problem within a company in the mining sector with a data of 13 months period 2020 - 2021. The main causes were identified and a solution is proposed for the sample recovery process and maintenance preventive or corrective. The theoretical information necessary to understand the processes of the company in the study sector and the methodology applied Engineering Methods, which was applied in the sample recovery process, is detailed. In addition, success cases are described where different tools of the methodology that were used in this research were applied in order to have a better vision of the technique and a support of what is applicable. In addition, the results obtained after the implementation of a pilot plan within the company in a period exceeding 2 months are shown. Finally, there is a discussion about the results obtained compared to similar ones within the industrial area and the efficiency obtained is displayed. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Genom rapporten kommer kunskapen öka kring identifiering och reducering av flaskhalsar baserade på simuleringsverktyget Facts Analyzer och lean-verktyg. Den ökade kunskapen kommer generera möjligheter för företag att arbeta på ett strukturerat och effektivt vis genom en egenutvecklad arbetsmodell. Modellen kommer ge förutsättningar för företag att öka sin produktivitet och samtidigt reducera totala kostnaderna. Metoderna som arbetsmodellen bygger på är kvantitativ, kvalitativ, abduktion och förverkligas genom tillämpning på ett fallföretag där syftet är att undersöka applicerbarheten och ifall produktionen kan effektiviseras.  Med simuleringsverktyg skapas tydliga och fakta-baserade resultat på flaskhalsar och vad olika förbättringsalternativ har för påverkan på produktionen, därmed anses det vara ett bra verktyg att basera beslut på innan investeringar genomförs. Utifrån de identifierade flaskhalsarna, med hjälp av simuleringsverktyget, är det bevisat att lean-verktyg kan användas för att optimera produktion och reducera icke värdeskapande moment. Exempelvis visar resultatet att 5S, Kaizen, Poka Yoke, Total Productive Maintenance och Overall Equipment Efficiency är effektiva lean-verktyg.  För att öka produktionskapaciteten handlar det om att först identifiera flaskhalsarna genom simuleringsverktyget. Därefter beräknas flaskhalsens OEE-värde som skapar indikationer om begränsningarna och därmed belyser vart förbättringsförslag behövs. Genom indikationerna tillsammans med ytterligare lean-verktyg skapas därefter förbättringsförslag med fokus på att reducera flaskhalsen. För att däremot identifiera totalkostnadsreducering och icke värdeskapande aktiviteter används istället observationer och intervjuer med personalen. Därefter utvecklas förbättringsförslag, liksom för produktionskapaciteten, genom lean-verktyg för att minimera Muda. / Through the report, knowledge will increase regarding the identification and reduction ofbottlenecks based on the simulation tool Facts Analyzer and lean-tools. The increasedknowledge will generate opportunities for companies to work in a structured and efficientway through a own developed work model. The model will provide the conditions forcompanies to increase their productivity and at the same time reduce total costs. The methodson which the work model is based are quantitative, qualitative, abduction and are realized through a case company where the aim is to investigate the applicability and if productioncan be made more efficient. With simulation tools, clear and fact-based results are created on the effect differentimprovement options have on production, and thus it is considered a good tool to basedecisions on before investments are made. Based on the identified bottlenecks, with the helpof the simulation tool, it is proven that lean-tools can be used to optimize production andreduce non-value-creating activities. For example, the results show that 5S, Kaizen, PokaYoke, Total Productive Maintenance and Overall Equipment Efficiency are effectivelean-tools. To increase production capacity, it is a matter of first identifying the bottlenecks through thesimulation tool. The bottleneck's OEE value is then calculated, which creates indications ofthe limitations and thus highlights where improvement proposals are needed. Through theindications together with additional lean-tools, improvement proposals are then created with afocus on reducing the bottleneck. In contrast, to identify total cost reduction andnon-value-creating activities, observations and interviews with the staff are used instead.Improvement proposals are then developed, as for the production capacity, through lean-toolsto minimize Muda.

We are living in the time of the digital revolution in which the world we know changes beyond recognition every decade. The positive aspect is that these changes also drive the progress in quality and availability of digital assets crucial for our societies. To name a few examples, these are broadly available communication channels allowing quick exchange of knowledge over long distances, systems controlling automatic share and distribution of renewable energy in international power grid networks, easily accessible applications for early disease detection enabling self-examination without burdening the health service, or governmental systems assisting citizens to settle official matters without leaving their homes. Unfortunately, however, digitalization also opens opportunities for malicious actors to threaten our societies if they gain control over these assets after successfully exploiting vulnerabilities in the complex computing systems building them. Protecting these systems, which are called high-assurance security systems, is therefore of utmost importance. For decades, humanity has struggled to find methods to protect high-assurance security systems. The advancements in the computing systems security domain led to the popularization of hardware-assisted security techniques, nowadays available in commodity computers, that opened perspectives for building more sophisticated defense mechanisms at lower costs. However, none of these techniques is a silver bullet. Each one targets particular use cases, suffers from limitations, and is vulnerable to specific attacks. I argue that some of these techniques are synergistic and help overcome limitations and mitigate specific attacks when used together. My reasoning is supported by regulations that legally bind high-assurance security systems' owners to provide strong security guarantees. These requirements can be fulfilled with the help of diverse technologies that have been standardized in the last years. In this thesis, I introduce new techniques for hardening high-assurance security systems that execute in remote execution environments, such as public and hybrid clouds. I implemented these techniques as part of a framework that provides technical assurance that high-assurance security systems execute in a specific data center, on top of a trustworthy operating system, in a virtual machine controlled by a trustworthy hypervisor or in strong isolation from other software. I demonstrated the practicality of my approach by leveraging the framework to harden real-world applications, such as machine learning applications in the eHealth domain. The evaluation shows that the framework is practical. It induces low performance overhead (<6%), supports software updates, requires no changes to the legacy application's source code, and can be tailored to individual trust boundaries with the help of security policies. The framework consists of a decentralized monitoring system that offers better scalability than traditional centralized monitoring systems. Each monitored machine runs a piece of code that verifies that the machine's integrity and geolocation conform to the given security policy. This piece of code, which serves as a trusted anchor on that machine, executes inside the trusted execution environment, i.e., Intel SGX, to protect itself from the untrusted host, and uses trusted computing techniques, such as trusted platform module, secure boot, and integrity measurement architecture, to attest to the load-time and runtime integrity of the surrounding operating system running on a bare metal machine or inside a virtual machine. The trusted anchor implements my novel, formally proven protocol, enabling detection of the TPM cuckoo attack. The framework also implements a key distribution protocol that, depending on the individual security requirements, shares cryptographic keys only with high-assurance security systems executing in the predefined security settings, i.e., inside the trusted execution environments or inside the integrity-enforced operating system. Such an approach is particularly appealing in the context of machine learning systems where some algorithms, like the machine learning model training, require temporal access to large computing power. These algorithms can execute inside a dedicated, trusted data center at higher performance because they are not limited by security features required in the shared execution environment. The evaluation of the framework showed that training of a machine learning model using real-world datasets achieved 0.96x native performance execution on the GPU and a speedup of up to 1560x compared to the state-of-the-art SGX-based system. Finally, I tackled the problem of software updates, which makes the operating system's integrity monitoring unreliable due to false positives, i.e., software updates move the updated system to an unknown (untrusted) state that is reported as an integrity violation. I solved this problem by introducing a proxy to a software repository that sanitizes software packages so that they can be safely installed. The sanitization consists of predicting and certifying the future (after the specific updates are installed) operating system's state. The evaluation of this approach showed that it supports 99.76% of the packages available in Alpine Linux main and community repositories. The framework proposed in this thesis is a step forward in verifying and enforcing that high-assurance security systems execute in an environment compliant with regulations. I anticipate that the framework might be further integrated with industry-standard security information and event management tools as well as other security monitoring mechanisms to provide a comprehensive solution hardening high-assurance security systems.

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