This is a master’s thesis project entitled “Secure reprogramming of network connected devices”. The thesis begins by providing some background information to enable the reader to understand the current vulnerabilities of network-connected devices, specifically with regard to cyber security and data integrity. Today supervisory control and data acquisition systems utilizing network connected programmable logic controllers are widely used in many industries and critical infrastructures. These network-attached devices have been under increasing attack for some time by malicious attackers (including in some cases possibly government supported efforts). This thesis evaluates currently available solutions to mitigate these attacks. Based upon this evaluation a new solution based on the Trusted Computing Group (TCG’s) Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) specification is proposed. This solution utilizes a lightweight version of TPM and TCG’s Reliable Computing Machine (RCM) to achieve the desired security. The security of the proposed solution is evaluated both theoretically and using a prototype. This evaluation shows that the proposed solution helps to a great extent to mitigate the previously observed vulnerabilities when reprogramming network connected devices. The main result of this thesis project is a secure way of reprogramming these network attached devices so that only a valid user can successfully reprogram the device and no one else can reprogram the device (either to return it to an earlier state, perhaps with a known attack vector, or even worse prevent a valid user from programming the device). / Avhandlingen börjar med att ge lite bakgrundsinformation för att läsaren att förstå de nuvarande sårbarheten i nätverksanslutna enheter, särskilt när det gäller IT-säkerhet och dataintegritet. Idag övervakande kontroll och datainsamlingssystem använder nätverksanslutna programmerbara styrsystem används allmänt i många branscher och kritisk infrastruktur. Dessa nätverk anslutna enheter har under ökande attacker under en tid av illvilliga angripare (inklusive i vissa fall eventuellt regeringen stöds insatser). Denna avhandling utvärderar för närvarande tillgängliga lösningar för att minska dessa attacker. Baserat på denna utvärdering en ny lösning baserad på Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) specifikation föreslås. Denna lösning använder en lätt version av TPM och TCG:s pålitliga dator (RCM) för att uppnå önskad säkerhet. Säkerheten i den föreslagna lösningen utvärderas både teoretiskt och med hjälp av en prototyp. Utvärderingen visar att den föreslagna lösningen bidrar i stor utsträckning för att minska de tidigare observerade sårbarheter när omprogrammering nätverksanslutna enheter.  Huvudresultatet av denna avhandling projektet är ett säkert sätt omprogrammering dessa nätverksanslutna enheter så att endast ett giltigt användarnamn framgångsrikt kan omprogrammera enheten och ingen annan kan programmera enheten (antingen att återställa den till ett tidigare tillstånd, kanske med en känd attack vector, eller ännu värre förhindra en giltig användare från programmering av enheten).

Detta examensarbete är utfört på Astrazeneca Södertälje inom Meto-försteg som är en del av fabriken API, med syftet att effektivisera underhållsarbetet. En kartläggning av det förebyggande underhållet genomfördes, i syfte att identifiera underhållsarbete som utförs dubbelt av både operatörer inom API och underhållsleverantören Caverion. Examensarbetet presenterar en redogörelse för begrepp inom underhåll, TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) och beslutsmodellen QFD (Quality Function Deployment) vilka utgör den teoretiska utgångspunkten för resultat och analys. Examensarbetet bygger på insamlade observationer och intervjumaterial från personal verksamma inom drift och underhåll. Studiens resultat visar att det genomförs överlappningar i underhållsarbetet, exempelvis inom veckotillsyn och förebyggande underhåll (FU) inom fabriksdelen Meto- försteg. Både operatörer och Caverion genomför underhållsåtgärder som innefattar visuell kontroll av oljenivåer, läckage, missljud, vibrationer för ett antal maskiner. En tydligare fördelning av underhållsåtgärder mellan operatörer och Caverion kommer bidra till effektiviseringen av underhållsarbetet. / This thesis was carried out at Astrazeneca Södertälje within Meto-pre stage, which is part of the factory API, intending to streamline the maintenance work. Apreventive maintenance survey was carried out, to identify maintenance work that was performed twice by both API operators and the maintenance provider Caverion. The thesis presents an account of concepts in maintenance, TPM (Total Productive Maintenance), and the decision model QFD (Quality Function Deployment) which constitute the theoretical starting point for results and analysis. The thesis is based on collected observations and interview materials from staff active in operations and maintenance. The results of the study show that there are overlaps in maintenance work, for example in weekly supervision/inspections and preventive maintenance (FU) within the factory part Meto-pre stage. Both operators and Caverion carry out maintenance operations that include a visual control of oil levels, leakage, noise, vibrations for several machines. A clearer distribution of maintenance measures between operators and Caverion will contribute to the streamlining of maintenance work.

With the world economy becoming unpredictable, it has become a necessity for businesses to relook at the way they do business. The world has become competitive and companies that aim to become profitable have seen the need to find ways to improve efficiencies and increase productivity to stay relevant. There has been an adoption of strategies that are aimed at improving the efficiencies in companies such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The strategy is aimed at improving equipment efficiencies and increase productivity through the transfer of certain skills from maintenance personnel to operators. The aim is that the operators perform some of the activities that the maintenance people used to do and they do the more complex tasks. By transferring these skills to operators there is constant cleaning, inspections and lubricating of equipment. This frees up time for maintenance people to do planning and other jobs that require time and higher skills levels. The implementation of these activities allows companies to tap into unused capacity that was always hidden by breakdowns and unplanned stops. The process however requires commitment from management and all stakeholders involved in the organisation. There are prescribed implementation processes that can be followed or companies can follow their own processes but the fundamentals of involving people from the onset must be followed. The involvement of stakeholders creates commitment at all levels and in order to sustain this initiative people must be committed to it. The inclusion of the activities transferred from maintenance people to operators, will reinforce the knowledge and habits required from operators and perhaps sustain the initiative. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

With the world economy becoming unpredictable, it has become a necessity for businesses to relook at the way they do business. The world has become competitive and companies that aim to become profitable have seen the need to find ways to improve efficiencies and increase productivity to stay relevant. There has been an adoption of strategies that are aimed at improving the efficiencies in companies such as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The strategy is aimed at improving equipment efficiencies and increase productivity through the transfer of certain skills from maintenance personnel to operators. The aim is that the operators perform some of the activities that the maintenance people used to do and they do the more complex tasks. By transferring these skills to operators there is constant cleaning, inspections and lubricating of equipment. This frees up time for maintenance people to do planning and other jobs that require time and higher skills levels. The implementation of these activities allows companies to tap into unused capacity that was always hidden by breakdowns and unplanned stops. The process however requires commitment from management and all stakeholders involved in the organisation. There are prescribed implementation processes that can be followed or companies can follow their own processes but the fundamentals of involving people from the onset must be followed. The involvement of stakeholders creates commitment at all levels and in order to sustain this initiative people must be committed to it. The inclusion of the activities transferred from maintenance people to operators, will reinforce the knowledge and habits required from operators and perhaps sustain the initiative. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The basis of today’s security systems is the trust and confidence that the system will behave as expected and are in a known good trusted state. The trust is built from hardware and software elements that generates a chain of trust that originates from a trusted known entity. Leveraging hardware, software and a mandatory access control policy technology is needed to create a trusted measurement environment. Employing a control layer (hypervisor or microkernel) with the ability to enforce a fine grained access control policy with hyper call granularity across multiple guest virtual domains can ensure that any malicious environment to be contained. In my research, I propose the use of radium's Asynchronous Root of Trust Measurement (ARTM) capability incorporated with a secure mandatory access control policy engine that would mitigate the limitations of the current hardware TPM solutions. By employing ARTM we can leverage asynchronous use of boot, launch, and use with the hypervisor proving its state and the integrity of the secure policy. My solution is using Radium (Race free on demand integrity architecture) architecture that will allow a more detailed measurement of applications at run time with greater semantic knowledge of the measured environments. Radium incorporation of a secure access control policy engine will give it the ability to limit or empower a virtual domain system. It can also enable the creation of a service oriented model of guest virtual domains that have the ability to perform certain operations such as introspecting other virtual domain systems to determine the integrity or system state and report it to a remote entity.

The project was performed at Parker Hannifin Cylinder Division at Falköping, where a station in the most critical flow at the production has been studied, which is the hand welding station. Within this report, the purpose is to identify disturbances, in order to eliminate and reduce these by coming up with improvement proposals. Furthermore, the aim is to help improve the company's work with 5S and TPM (Total Productive Maintenance). A combination of tools and concepts are being used in this project when generating improvement proposals to avoid the risk of falling back into old habits and facilitate the work. The combination of concepts, intends to be continued to work with, in order to facilitate for the company to reach even higher results.The methodology of TPM is the basis of the project, although it is not about a complete implementation of TPM, but is limited to chosen parts since it is a time consuming process that can go on for years. The main focus of TPM is about the first pillar, 5S. Action plans for how to solve these problems and how to achieve the desired state has been established.Thereafter, the researchers in cooperation with the company´s staff have implemented a couple of small improvement proposals. Further improvement proposals have also been presented in this report, but due to the limited time no implementations was made.Moreover, this project is divided into a couple of phases. Situational analysis has been made through both interviews with staff and observation studies. Analysis has also been made by some numeric data taken out by researchers and partly through mapping the equipment. The intention of this is to create a status image of the current situation over the hand welding station. The current state has shown the appearance of problems and challenges that exist. Additional wastages and disturbances in the station can come up to the surface and can thus easily be identified. In turn, occurring wastages and disturbances can be eliminated and the amount of wasted time reduced with help of the action plans to reach a future state.Another method that occurs is spaghetti charts. It has been used for mapping up the existing procedures during the process of the orders in the station, and by that identified different types of disturbances. In addition, the creation of a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) has been made. The map is used as a measurement to identify how much time on a working day that is spent as value adding time and non-value adding time of work.

Por estar diretamente sujeita a fatores econômicos de nível global, a mineração tende a se desenvolver para buscar processos produtivos mais enxutos, aliando menores custos operacionais a melhores taxas produtivas. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar o comportamento geral da curva de tempo em manutenção preventiva de uma frota de caminhões em uma mineração de grande porte, sendo a análise realizada em uma janela temporal baseada em um período econômico de mínimo local nos preços do cobre. A partir do comportamento observado é feita uma discussão sob as premissas da metodologia de gestão nomeada Manutenção Produtiva Total de forma a se debater os possíveis principais riscos e/ou consequências que podem ser enfrentadas pelo projeto e como estas decisões qualitativamente indicam o grau de maturidade na integração operacional entre produção e manutenção em um projeto minerário. Ao final, pode-se concluir que ainda é necessário um intenso trabalho em se traduzir as premissas da MPT para a indústria mineral, buscando-se adaptar processos e métricas que sejam mais condizentes ao ambiente da indústria extrativa (que é muito diferente da indústria de manufatura, onde o programa teve início). Além disso, fica claro que a aplicação da MPT é possível e bem-vinda na mineração já havendo de vários estudos acadêmicos na área - ou seja, o ponto em questão mais desafiador provavelmente é que seja desenvolvido um programa de MPT de forma endógena em um projeto mineral. / As it is directly under global economic factors, the mining industry tends to develop to seek leaner production processes, combining lower operational costs to better productive rates. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the general behavior of the time spend in preventive maintenance of a truck fleet from a large-scale mining project, being the analysis performed in a time window based on an economic period of local minimum in copper prices. From the observed behavior a discussion is made under the assumptions of the management methodology named Total Productive Maintenance in order to discuss the possible main risks and/or consequences that can be faced by the project and how these decisions qualitatively indicate the degree of maturity between production and maintenance in a mining project. In the end, it can be concluded that an intense work is still needed to translate the TPM premises into the mineral industry, being necessary to seek ways to adapt processes and metrics that are more suited to the extractive industry environment (which is very different from the manufacturing industry, where the program started). In addition, it is clear that the application of TPM is possible and welcome in mining since there are several academic studies in the area - in other words, the most challenging point in question is probably that an endogenous TPM program is developed within a mineral project.

Por estar diretamente sujeita a fatores econômicos de nível global, a mineração tende a se desenvolver para buscar processos produtivos mais enxutos, aliando menores custos operacionais a melhores taxas produtivas. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar o comportamento geral da curva de tempo em manutenção preventiva de uma frota de caminhões em uma mineração de grande porte, sendo a análise realizada em uma janela temporal baseada em um período econômico de mínimo local nos preços do cobre. A partir do comportamento observado é feita uma discussão sob as premissas da metodologia de gestão nomeada Manutenção Produtiva Total de forma a se debater os possíveis principais riscos e/ou consequências que podem ser enfrentadas pelo projeto e como estas decisões qualitativamente indicam o grau de maturidade na integração operacional entre produção e manutenção em um projeto minerário. Ao final, pode-se concluir que ainda é necessário um intenso trabalho em se traduzir as premissas da MPT para a indústria mineral, buscando-se adaptar processos e métricas que sejam mais condizentes ao ambiente da indústria extrativa (que é muito diferente da indústria de manufatura, onde o programa teve início). Além disso, fica claro que a aplicação da MPT é possível e bem-vinda na mineração já havendo de vários estudos acadêmicos na área - ou seja, o ponto em questão mais desafiador provavelmente é que seja desenvolvido um programa de MPT de forma endógena em um projeto mineral. / As it is directly under global economic factors, the mining industry tends to develop to seek leaner production processes, combining lower operational costs to better productive rates. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the general behavior of the time spend in preventive maintenance of a truck fleet from a large-scale mining project, being the analysis performed in a time window based on an economic period of local minimum in copper prices. From the observed behavior a discussion is made under the assumptions of the management methodology named Total Productive Maintenance in order to discuss the possible main risks and/or consequences that can be faced by the project and how these decisions qualitatively indicate the degree of maturity between production and maintenance in a mining project. In the end, it can be concluded that an intense work is still needed to translate the TPM premises into the mineral industry, being necessary to seek ways to adapt processes and metrics that are more suited to the extractive industry environment (which is very different from the manufacturing industry, where the program started). In addition, it is clear that the application of TPM is possible and welcome in mining since there are several academic studies in the area - in other words, the most challenging point in question is probably that an endogenous TPM program is developed within a mineral project.

This thesis reviews and analyses the potential impact of maintenance on the fulfilment of Green Production Systems. Overall aim is to highlight how maintenance may contribute to decreasing the environmental impact of production. The thesis is based on the combination of literature studies and set of qualitative interviews conducted in selected companies. Three Swedish manufacturers were interviewed about their way of working, as well as their views on sustainability within operation management including maintenance. The results of the research explains why some organisations fail to recognize maintenance’s role to achieve sustainability, and how maintenance has been characterized in these organisations, namely by: short term pressures, reactive approach, neglecting hidden costs, lack of teamworking between production and maintenance departments, and low focus (hierarchical low status) on maintenance importance, resulting in lack of skilled labor available in organizations. In contrast, practices and strategies to succeed found to be based on the following: long term thinking, structured way of working, a proactive approach to maintenance, aiming to integrate core values into operational work, and establishing an environment which fosters continuous improvement and employee development. Same study identifies areas and "effects of poor maintenance" to be dealt with in the journey toward sustainable production, these are: economic, quality, processes wastes, emissions, resource consumption, safety and work environment related. It is therefore suggested that organizations may choose a proactive approach to maintenance that is best suited to their needs, which allows efficient production and long-term profitability, while considering safety and environmental aspects. Various concepts are available, but the organisation has to optimise on the combination of various practices. Following to the findings, a proposal is made that proactive culture should be integrated into daily work in a practical way such as Safety-Quality-Environment becomes everyone's responsibility. Sustainable perspective and sticking to best course of proactive measures are prioritized against short term pressures. To support this proposal a toolkit is developed that can be used at team/level continuous improvement programs, based on the PDCA model. Finally, the thesis emphasizes what benefits the optimum maintenance can provide on the fulfilment of competitive and resource-efficient production systems.

Theophostic Prayer Ministry (TPM) is an unparalleled method of inner healing which was developed in 1996 by Dr. Ed Smith of Campbellsville, Kentucky. The term Theophostic is formed by a combination of two Greek words, namely Theos (God) and phos (light). God's light refers to the central aspect of the ministry during which God gives his light to the counselee in order to expose the emotional wounds from the person's past and to heal it. TPM became known as a method which is exceptionally effective in treating trauma and experience-based problems. Several evaluators of TPM, however, raise questions concerning the doctrinal and philosophical soundness of the base of TPM's theory and practice. Exponents of the anti-psychology movement, like Martin and Deidre Bobgan, are exceedingly condemning in their critique of TPM, and particularly the fact that Smith probably had used insights, concepts and techniques from psychology. In researching the literature on the subject, it was found that the reformed pastoral ministry is relatively lacking in theoretical reflection on and practical implementation of the ministry of inner healing, TPM included. The first main purpose of the research was to scientifically determine whether the doctrinal and philosophical points of departure as well as practice of TPM were sound according to the reformative Scriptural standard. Should the research data indicate that TPM is acceptable in this respect, then the reformed pastoral practice have found at least one method of inner healing to make use of. Should the research data point to the contrary, then the necessary corrections can be done accordingly. The second main purpose of the research was to determine how the theory, practice and even context of TPM can possibly be served by the new light which the research may shed upon it. In the research methodology it is decided to firstly summarize the practical theory of TPM. This was followed on a meta-theoretical level by a qualitative empirical research on TPM, as well as a comparative study on Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), an evenly highly successful psychotherapeutic treatment method for trauma and experience-based problems. In a third meta-theoretical chapter TPM and some of its critics are evaluated in accordance with the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea. Following that, the data of the meta-theoretical chapters were compared in a hermeneutical way with the first practical theory of TPM and all its critique, as well as the reformative theological tradition. The final conclusions of the research indicate that TPM can be recommended to the reformed pastoral ministry as a reformative Scripturally sound method for inner healing and that the TPM theory, practice and context can be improved on several points as has been suggested in the study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.