In our study, we investigated how the streamed TV domain relates to existing design principles for web design. Further, we have investigated whether there are specific characteristics of the domain that the design principles do not cover. In the survey we have studied two sites which are representative of the streamed TV domain. Finally, we discuss how applicable the design principles are for the domain and the specific characteristics that would require new or further developed design principles. / I vår studie har vi undersökt hur domänen streamad-TV förhåller sig till befintliga designprinciper för webbdesign. Ytterligare har vi undersökt om det finns specifika egenskaper för domänen som inte omfattas av någon designprincip. I undersökningen har vi studerat två webbplatser vilka är representativa för domänen streamad-TV. Slutligen diskuterar vi hur applicerbara designprinciperna är på domänen och vilka specifika egenskaper som skulle behöva nya eller vidareutvecklade designprinciper.

La televisión digital no es nueva, lleva años entre nosotros, es un sistema de transmisión que permite comprimir la información televisiva. El estándar de compresión masificado es el MPEG2 y se usa en la transmisión satelital como VIA DIGITAL, DIRECTV o SKY entre otros; además, lo emplean los estándares de televisión digital terrestre como el ATSC, DVB-T, ISDB-T. Sin embargo, el estándar de televisión digital terrestre brasileño (una variante del ISDB-T japonés) emplea compresión de video MPEG-4 ó H.264 con tasas de compresión bastante más agresivas que el MPEG-2. En la actualidad la tecnología de compresión ha evolucionado sobre nuevos estándares, uno de los más populares es el MPEG-4 lo cual no significa que sea el último sino que permite enviar la señal con mayor compresión que el MPEG-2. Es por ello que la frontera de transmisión se ha roto pues los canales de televisión pueden enviarse masivamente por Internet o incorporarse a través de la Televisión digital en forma masiva, incorporamos así el término masivo porque mientras se especula de la cantidad de licencias a otorgar para la televisión digital, lo cierto es que la posibilidad tecnológica permite incorporación de canales en forma masiva, ya que no solo se va transmitir televisión bajo los estándares MPEG-2 y MPEG-4, como es el caso de la televisión digital terrestre, sino que se puede hablar de televisión digital interactiva sea ésta abierta, por cable, codificada o no codificada, o por Internet.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-14T15:20:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 robertabragachaves.pdf: 647206 bytes, checksum: 139292b8c406e8a500a2b1cc9a2963a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-14T15:55:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 robertabragachaves.pdf: 647206 bytes, checksum: 139292b8c406e8a500a2b1cc9a2963a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-14T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 robertabragachaves.pdf: 647206 bytes, checksum: 139292b8c406e8a500a2b1cc9a2963a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / Estudar a TV Pública brasileira e a forma como ela promove a participação cidadã pode contribuir para uma sociedade mais justa e democrática, uma vez que o acesso à informação e à comunicação é um direito de todo cidadão, garantido por lei. Para tal, o intuito dessa dissertação é verificar de que forma o programa Caminhos da Reportagem, exibido pela TV Brasil, viabiliza a inserção do cidadão comum em seus programas, principalmente por meio das entrevistas. O Caminhos da Reportagem é um programa telejornalístico semanal que exibe grandes reportagens, com uma duração média de 52 minutos. Como metodologia, o trabalho está baseado na análise de conteúdo e seu recorte empírico abarca 12 edições do programa, selecionadas dentro de um recorte macro de um ano. As análises realizadas contaram com uma parte quantitativa e outra qualitativa, sempre procurando destacar o papel de cada entrevistado presente. Em sua parte teórica, o trabalho busca abordar as relações existentes entre a mídia e a construção de identidade dos cidadãos, dando especial atenção ao papel da televisão na sociedade brasileira. Além disso, buscou-se também entender a importância de uma TV pública de qualidade para a democratização da comunicação. / Studying the Brazilian Public TV and how it promotes citizen participation is important for a fairer and more democratic society, since the access to information and communication is a human right, guaranteed by law. Therefore, this dissertation aims to verify how the “Caminhos da Reportagem” programme, produced by TV Brasil, enables the ordinary people participation in their programmes, mainly by interviews. “Caminhos da Reportagem” is a weekly programme of in-depth reporting, with an average of 52 minutes. The methodology is based on content analysis and the empirical framework includes 12 editions of the programme, selected within one year. The analysis was quantitative and qualitative, always seeking to highlight the role of each interviewee. In the theoretical part, the study approaches the relations between the media and the identity constructions of the citizens, giving attention to the role of television in Brazilian society. In addition, we sought to understand the importance of a good public television in the communication democratization

Examensarbetet är ett studentprojekt om mobil TV för det svenska mjukvaruteknik- och design företaget TAT - The Astonishing Tribe. På senare tid har möjligheterna för TV relaterade teknologier ökat kraftigt. TV-konsumtionen som hittills har tillhört hemmet, flyttas nu ut på gatan som ett rörligt medium, precis som telefonen gjorde för några år sedan. Samtidigt blir TV-tittandet mer kopplat till individen i och med att varje person som tittar på mobil TV gör egna val och köper sitt eget mobil TV-abonnemang. Men vad är mobil TV? Syftet var att undersöka vilka band, möjligheter och kopplingar det finns mellan traditionell TV och mobiltelefoner. Vilka nya band kommer att skapas mellan mobil TV och traditionell TV? Vilken typ av program kan man tänkas vilja se? Hur kommer användaren av mobil TV att bete sig ochhur kommer mobil TV att användas? När? Och var? Vilken form kommer de nya finesserna och funktionerna att ta i den mobila världen? Och hur kommer de att påverka andra redan befi ntliga mobila funktioner? Jag har undersökt hur TV funktionaliteten kommer att integreras i morgondagens mobiltelefoner, samt hur mobil TV kommer att påverka eller samverka med dagens traditionella TV och hur användandet av dessa båda medier kan komma att förändras. Målet har varit att utveckla ett koncept för mobil TV som visualiseras i form av en flash-simulation och som visar tänkt interaktion mellan användare och mobil TV. / Bachelor thesis in Interaction Design by Daniel Björk, spring term 2006. Malmö University, School of Arts and Communication. This bachelor thesis is a student project about mobile TV for the Swedish software technology and design company TAT – The Astonishing Tribe. The TV medium is on the move, literally. Moving out from it’s static environment in people’s homes out on the street as a non static medium, exactly what happened with the telephone for a couple of years ago. At the same time TV becomes more connected to the individual because every person that is watching mobile TV will make there own choices and buy there own mobile TV subscription. But what is mobile TV? The purpose is to investigate the bonds, possibilities and connections between regular TV and mobile phones. What new bonds will be created between mobile TV and regular TV? What types of shows can you foresee? How will mobile TV users behave and how will mobile TV be used? when? and where? Which form will the new features and functions take in the mobile world? and how will they affect other already established mobile functions? In my research I will investigates how the TV functionality can be integrated in the mobile phones of tomorrow and how mobile TV will affect or cooperate with the regular TV and how the usage of these two mediums will eventually change. The goal with this project is to develop a concept for mobile TV that will be visualized in form of a flash-simulation and that will show the interaction between the user and the mobile TV.

Over the past seventy-five years, television and, of all holidays, Christmas have functioned as staples of civilization in the United States. Despite vast social changes, neither has lost cultural staying power. In the 21st century, the two discursive systems continue to organize and regulate time and experience. The linkages between Christmas and television are central to understanding how and why America’s media landscape changes, yet never quite transforms into something new.My dissertation emerges from the observation that television viewers of the 21st century more frequently access content via streaming services, and that on these platforms, there has been a considerable decrease in the number of new episodes of serialized television that focus on Christmas. And yet, Christmas persists, particularly in the way streaming services re-play and re-use the literary, cinematic, and televisual legacy that constructed what I term the “calendrical experience” of American social life. Both Christmas and television rely heavily on this calendrical experience through collective narratives consumed together as a nation, whether that be together in the same place at the same time, or individually and yet still simultaneously. Using textual, economic, and industrial analytic tools, I explore the evolution of television’s depiction of Christmas via close readings of how media companies released, and people in the United States viewed, specific episodes. Christmas serves as my interpretive lens through which to understand television’s ever transforming, yet persistent and central role in the United States over the past seventy-five years.

Nas últimas duas décadas, observamos a transição da TV analógica para a TV digital nas várias partes do mundo, com o estabelecimento de sistemas internacionais de TV digital, como o ATSC, DVB e ISDB. No final de 2007, o sistema brasileiro de TV digital (SBTVD) foi lançado em caráter comercial na cidade de São Paulo. O SBTVD traz significativas inovações, dentre as quais destacamos interatividade, que é oferecida através de vários mecanismos de transmissão de dados junto ao conteúdo audiovisual. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar e avaliar os mecanismos existentes para a implantação da interatividade na TV digital brasileira. Para atingir este objetivo, é proposta uma plataforma modular para testes com interatividade na TV digital brasileira. Os módulos que constituem esta plataforma foram propostos tendo por base as três etapas do circuito percorrido por uma aplicação interativa ao longo de um sistema de TV digital, a saber: geração de um transport stream contendo um aplicativo interativo, tratamento do aplicativo no receptor e retorno do resultado da interação pelo canal de interatividade para a emissora. Ensaios experimentais são realizados sobre o primeiro módulo desta plataforma, considerando os sinais das emissoras de TV disponíveis em Janeiro de 2008 na cidade de São Paulo. Esta dissertação apresenta duas contribuições importantes: os resultados destes ensaios experimentais e a proposta inicial de uma plataforma para realizar testes e avaliações que permitam um melhor entendimento e uso dos recursos de interatividade oferecidos pelo sistema brasileiro de TV digital. / We have watched the transition from analog TV to digital TV around the world in the last two decades, with the establishment of international systems, as ATSC, DVB and ISDB. At the end of 2007, the Brazilian Digital Television System (SBTVD) was released for commercial purposes in São Paulo City. SBTVD brings significant innovations, from which we emphasize interactivity, that is offered by some data transmission mechanisms. This work aims to investigate the current mechanisms for implementing the interactivity in the Brazilian Digital TV. In order to reach this aim, it\'s proposed a modular platform for tests with interactivity in the Brazilian digital TV. The three modules of that platform are based on the three stages of the interactive TV System: transport stream generation containing an interactive application, treatment of the application in the receiver, and returning of user\'s interaction through the interactivity channel. Experiments are released on the first module, considering the digital TV signals available in São Paulo in January, 2008. This work has two main conclusions: the result of these experiments and the initial propose of a platform for tests execution and evaluation which allow us to have a better understanding and a more efficient use of the interactive resources offered by SBTVD.

The study explores how the Swedish public service TV institution imagines a child audience in a societal context where the broadcasting landscape hastransformed greatly over the past thirty years and where TV is seen to  constitute both risks and benefits for children. The concept of TV for children is established to broaden the scope for studying what has been broadcast for a child audience on public service TV. The empirical material consists of both broadcasting policy documents and an extensive selection of public service TV programmes targeting children, selected from 1980, 1992 and 2007, which marked before, during and after the abolishment of the Swedish public service broadcasting monopoly. The policy texts, as well as TV content, TV talk and TV visuality, have been studied to investigate how the imagined child audience is configured. The study shows that when the category ‘children’ is mentioned in the broadcasting legislation, they are seen foremost as being at risk of being harmed by commercial messages and only gradually as explicitly entitled to TV programme content meant for them. The broadcasting companies, however, have broadcast programming for the child audience during the whole research period. Adult notions form how children are represented. In the TV programmes, these notions have remained largely unchanged over the studied years, even if technology, legislative demands and approaches to narration also provide opportunities for change. The imagined child TV audience configured in TV for children is knowledgeable, but wanting and in need of more knowledge. This audience is also imagined as being close to nature, eager to interact with the programmes and activate on basically all occasions, which opposes the discursive view according to which children are passivized by television. This study of public service TV for children points to and questions discursive ideas about what it means to be a child in a mediated society. / Denna studie undersöker hur den svenska public service-TV-institutionen förställer sig en barnpublik i en samhällelig kontext där medielandskapet har genomgått förändringar under de senaste 30 åren och där TV ses som både en risk och en tillgång för barn. I avhandlingen etableras begreppet TV för barn för att visa på och lyfta fram bredden av den TV som riktar sig till en barnpublik. Studiens empiriska material består av lagstiftning, tillstånd och årsrapporter inom TV området och av ett omfattande urval av public service-TV-program för barn. Materialet har valts från 1980, 1992 och 2007, vilket betyder före, under och efter det svenska public service-monopolets upplösning. Dokumenten och TVprogrammen har studerats för att se hur föreställningar om en barn-TV-publik konfigureras. Studien visar att när kategorin barn efterhand nämns i TV lagstiftning och sändningstillstånd ses TV främst som en risk för barn, och då i förhållande till reklam. Först senare skrivs det fram explicit i dessa dokument att barn också ska ha tillgång till TV program. Public service företagen har dock sänt program för en barnpublik under hela undersökningsperioden. I TV-programmen har förställningarna om barn varit mer eller mindre stabila över den studerade tidsperioden, även om ny kommunikationsteknologi, förändringar i sändningstillstånden och sätt att berätta i TV har möjliggjort förändring. Studien visar att den tänkta barn-TV-publiken som konfigureras i TV-programmen är kunnig, men vill och behöver veta mer. Publiken föreställs också vara nära naturen, vilja interagera med TV och vara aktiv i nästan alla situationer. Detta ger en helt annan bild av barn-TV-publiken än den diskursiva föreställningen om det passiva barnet framför TV:n. Den här studien av public service-TV för barn påvisar och ifrågasätter diskursiva idéer om vad det innebär att kategoriseras som barn i ett medierat samhälle.

This study explores how online television works and how it is integrated with social media such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs. Through three qualitative interviews with representants from different fields of work regarding online television, we have concluded how online television is being used in Sweden today and concludes with examples of what the future of online television could look like. Representatives from the following companies have been interviewed: SBS Media Group Sweden, Strix Television and Mediamätning i Skandinavien. The use of social media for marketing of online television is a fact for the companies in this study. However, the result of the study shows that theres room for development in the integration between online television and social media. The manner in which integration takes place depends on the aims and objectives of the producer.

The technological development contributes to an increase in advertising when it comes to media. Those who are working to develop advertising are constantly looking for new ways to reach consumers in unexplored contexts. Web TV is a relatively new technique that involves the distribution of television across the Internet. This study intend to investigate how users perceive advertising appearing on web TV, and contribute to the knowledge about how advertising adapt to new media. To reach the results of this study, we used quantitative data, collected in the form of web-surveys and qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews. The results of the study showed that the user has a negative attitude towards advertisements on web TV. Despite the negativity, the user still understand and recognize the importance of advertising concerning the survival of tv-channels online. It is also clear that the choice of web TV service mainly is based on the supply of programs, and not on how the service contain advertising or not. / Den teknologiska utvecklingen bidrar till att reklam i media ökar. Reklamutvecklare söker ständigt nya sätt att nå konsumenten genom reklam i outforskade sammanhang. Webb-TV är en relativt ny teknik som innebär distribution av television via internet. Denna studie avser att undersöka hur användare upplever reklaminslag som förekommer på webb-TV samt bidra med kunskap om hur reklam anpassas till nya medier. För att komma fram till studiens resultat användes kvantitativ datainsamling i form av webb-enkäter samt kvalitativ datainsamling genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet av studien visade att användaren har en mycket negativ inställning till reklaminslag på webb-TV. Trots den negativa inställningen har användaren ändå förståelse och inser vikten av reklam för webb-TV-kanalernas överlevnad. Det framgår även att valet av webb-TV-tjänst främst grundar sig på programutbudet och inte på om tjänsten konsumerar reklam eller inte.

Magasinprogrammet Go’kväll sänder i regel fem program per vecka under hela vinterhalvåret. Programmet produceras och sänds ut av SVT allmän-TV i Umeå. Till vissa delar av programmet önskas gäster som uttalar sig om aktuella ämnen. Vid några tillfällen har redaktionen upplevt att man inte kunnat plocka in de mest optimala gästerna för kommentarer på grund av rent logistiska skäl, i regel att den efterfrågade gästen i fråga inte kunnat närvara fysiskt i Umeå, ofta på grund av kort varsel, något som nuvarande programutformning kräver av alla som medverkar i direktsändning. Det som efterfrågades var en lösning för att kunna inkludera konceptet gäst via direktlänk i kortare segment av programmet. I utgångsläget fanns ingen budget eller möjlighet till stora ekonomiska investeringar just för detta ändamål. Problemformuleringen blev därför: Hur implementerar man konceptet gäst via länk med hjälp av de resurser SVT idag och inom den närmsta framtiden förfogar över? TV-verksamheten inom SVT är primärt indelad i tre olika divisioner: allmän-tv (dit hör exempelvis barn-, nöje-, fakta- och kulturprogram), nyheter (nyhetsbevakning, sport, regionala nyheter etc.) och SVTi (teknisk utveckling). Allmän-TV (ATV) produceras av SVT på fyra orter som är Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö och Umeå. De fyra ATV-orterna har utrustning för att sända HDTV och producerar även i HD. Nyheter, och framförallt de regionala nyheterna inkluderar redan i dagsläget olika direktsända inslag från fältet i sina produktioner men skillnaden är att allt produceras i det gamla SD-formatet. I praktiken innebär detta att HD endast kan sändas mellan ATV-orterna och sedan ut i rutan utan att infrastrukturen ändras. Den stora utmaningen blev följaktligen att hitta en lösning där så mycket av befintlig infrastruktur och personalresurs som möjligt kan utnyttjas och samtidigt möta de krav på bildkvalitet som efterfrågas. Med hjälp av intervjuer och interna dokument kartlades befintliga resurser och resultatet blev att möjligheter för att lösa problemet med hjälp av befintlig infrastruktur och bemanning torde vara fullt genomförbart och möjligt att implementera snarast. / The talk-show Go'kväll (Good evening) broadcast five shows per week during the autumn, winter and spring. The show is produced and broadcasted by the non-news section (ATV) of SVT in Umeå. In some parts of the show, guests who gives comments to various recent events is wanted. Some particular times, the editorial staff has experienced that the most ideal guests could not be present in the show, mainly according to the circumstance that they have to be physically present in the studio in Umeå in order to participate in the show, often made impossible by travel logistics. The production wanted a solution for using the concept of remote located quests participating live via video link in chosen segments of the show. There was no economical budget for the project, so the question was: How to implement the concept of using remote located quests live in Go'kväll, only using present infrastructure and other resources? The TV-operations within the company of SVT is divided into three different divisions, ATV, News section (news, sport) and SVTi (Technichal development). ATV is produced and broadcasted from Stockholm, Gothenburg, Malmö and Umeå. These four facilities produce and broadcast in HD-format while the news division mainly broadcasts in SD. Practically, this means that with no change at all in infrastructure, HD can only be transmitted between and from the ATV-locations. The main challenge then, become finding a solution where as much as possible of resources in terms of infrastructure and staff could be used and also meet the requirements of video quality. By making interviews and reading internal working documents, existing resources were surveyed and the results shows that possibilities to solve the problem using existing technical infrastructure and labour exists and should be implementable instantly, if requested.