研究者以「人 – 工具 – 現場」之間的關係為觀察角度, 希望探討實作中電視新聞攝影活動的本質。本研究以錄影方式紀錄不同實作個案，並對13位不同年資的電視攝影記者進行深度訪談，研究發現實務中電視新聞攝影實際上不只是「攝影」的活動而已，更是關於什麼是「新聞資訊」和「解題資訊」的想像、聚焦和校準工作。而且，攝影記者在新聞現場使用攝影機的過程，也同時是智能配置與權力互動的「連結」活動。一方面，攝影記者必須與各種人與非人的工具/資源連結，才能涉入到現場的情境性中，理解新聞現場的解題意義，並以攝影機工具將特定對象轉化為新聞影像素材。另一方面，由於連結活動除了智能協力，也隱含了權力角力，攝影記者雖然「操作」了攝影機工具，但事實上主導攝影機工具如何被「使用」的人卻可能不是攝影記者。簡單來說，電視新聞攝影中「人 – 工具 – 現場」形成關係的過程，也同時是攝影記者配置智能與參與建構行動者網絡的過程。攝影記者在過程中不斷計算自己與其他行動者之間在智能上以及權力互動上的關係，以瞭解到底該「拍什麼」甚至「如何拍」。研究也發現，實務中電視攝影記者經常處於「資訊焦慮」和「權力焦慮」的狀態，也就是一方面對解題目標的模糊性感到困擾，另一方面又可能擔心自己在工作中失去主導攝影機使用以及詮釋新聞現場的權力。本研究提出，電視攝影記者如果想強化自己在網絡中的行動位置，必須加強處理資訊以及與其他行動者連結的能力，並找出更均衡的「人 – 工具」關係。 / This study aims to rethink the practice of TV news photojournalism by examining the relationship among TV news photographers, the tool(s) they use, and the location where “news” happens. Employing methods of case study and in-depth interview, the study finds that TV news photographer's job is more than just skillfully using camera to capture news video; in fact, in order to know what to film, as well as how to film, TV news photographer needs to work with different human and non-human resources, “involving-in” the context of activity, and constructing the content and objectives of the assignment. In short, TV news photography is a situated activity and process of calculation. To effectively perform his/her task, photographer is required to bring people and things together and measures relations among different actors.

<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att se vilka urval, lokala och regionala nyhetsprogram gör innehållsmässigt och geografiskt. De analysenheter vi valt är TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och SVT Smålandsnytt. Vi jämförde även de två programmens inslag beträffande typ och längd.</p><p>Vi studerade under tre veckors tid nyhetssammanfattningen 21.55 från TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och nyhetssammanfattningen 22.15 från SVT SmålandsNytt. Anledningen till att vi valde nyhetssammanfattningar var för att vi vill se vad som kanalerna ansåg vara de viktigaste händelserna under dagen, det som var värt att sammanfatta.</p><p>Den valda metoden är kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Valet gjordes för att vi ville undersöka statistiskt mätbara variabler, som tid, olika ämnen i inslagen och antal inslag per kommun. Detta är statistisk data och lämpar sig bäst då att räkna kvantitativt. Analysen har gjorts med hjälp av en kodbok och kodblanketter.</p><p>Resultaten visade att i TV4Nyheterna Jönköping fanns det en stark centralisering till sändningsorten, Jönköping. I SmålandsNytt däremot fanns inte lika stark koncentration till Växjö, som är SmålandNytts sändningsort, utan även här dominerade Jönköping. Detta anser vi beror på det uppmärksammade studentmordet som rapporterats mycket om i programmen. De inslagslängder som var vanligast i båda nyhetsprogrammen var 16-30 sekunder. Det ämne som uppmärksammandes mest var brott/olyckor. Våra resultat visade inte på några stora skillnader mellan nyhetsprogrammen.</p> / <p>Our aim with the essay is to see how local and regional two news programmes are and which news they prioritize. The chosen programmes are TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and SVT Smålandsnytt. We will look into the differences between those two, when it comes to the type of elements, but also the difference in how long the elements are (in terms of time).</p><p>The material we chose where the news summary 09.55 pm from TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and the news summary 10.15 pm from SVT SmålandsNytt, for three weeks. The reason why we chose news summaries is because we want to see what the channels consider are the most important events during the day, witch news where worth summarize.</p><p>The selected method is quantitative content analysis. We chose that because we wanted to examine statistically measurable variables, as time, different matters in the elements and numbers elements by the municipality. Since it is statistical fact it suits best to count quantitatively. The analysis has been done with the aid of a code book and code forms.</p><p>The results showed that TV4Nyheterna Jönköping had centralization to consignments place, Jönköping. But when it comes to SmålandsNytt, they did not have any centralization to the consignments place, instead Jönköping dominated here also. We consider that this can to do the with murder of a student that has been reported a lot about in the programmes. When it came to the time length of the elements that dominated in both of the news programmes where 16-30 seconds and the most common matters where criminal/accidents. According to Hadenius and Weibull are criminal/accidents one of the most primary readings at the newspaper readers. Our results did not show on some big differences in our two news programmes, SmålandsNytt and TV4Nyheterna Jönköping.</p>

本論文主要目的在探討，工作十年以上之在職中生代優秀之專業主播，受過高等教育，在新聞界有一定之定位，為什麼選擇轉職？轉職的真正原因為何？本文研究目的有三： 一、瞭解電視新聞主播轉職原因； 二、探討哪些內部因素與外部因素導致主播轉職； 三、分析主播轉職後之斷層危機。 在瞭解內部因素與外部因素為何後，分析新聞主播在目前職場環境是否面臨斷層危機，接下來，造成轉職的主要動機。因此本研究發現如下： 一、轉職主播對媒體生態環境感到失望； 二、內部因素與外部因素的不認同： (一)外部因素：組織因素的介入 (二)內部因素：自我價值認同不夠 三、實務界的危機：中生代主播式微造成主播界的斷層與人才流失。 本研究係透過深度訪談法，訪問五位已轉職主播與兩位在職主播，進而得到上述研究發現。 / The purpose of the subject is to study the real reason why the anchors of TV news reporter who are with higher education and have settled down in the News Field for more than ten years, and decided to redirect their careers to something else? There are three approaches: 1.Understanding the circumstances of transferring 2.Researching the internal and external factors 3.Analyzing the risk of changes and challenges In light of internal and external concerns, it is the issue that we are confronting against with whether there is a supply shortage in the profession of Anchorpersons and the current working conditions of the press; subsequently , if might also cause the Anchorpersons’ career transformation. The followings are the disclosures: 1.The disappointment of media behavior and environment 2.The disagreement between internal and external system exchanges: (1) Outside factor: functional involvement (2) Inside factor: higher self-value 3.The risk of system construction: The disconnection and skill lost in the middle generation of the prime anchors in the TV news field. The above result comes from a constructive interview to five news reporters who have been transferred to the other business fields as well as two from the current news anchors.

科技影響電視新聞產製流程，種種新科技的發明給電視新聞製作人員帶來了觀念、知識及技術上的衝擊不斷。台灣新聞台競爭激烈，為因應類比技術淘汰後數位技術的發展，民視、東森、大愛、年代、三立及TVBS都朝非線剪輯及無帶化發展，能將一支新聞完成帶同時提供二個以上的頻道使用，減少帶子播出的錯誤率。研究者曾為TVBS資深導播，長期親身參與新聞台數位化過程，記錄了導播知能與觀念的改變與因應方法，本文也期盼透過深度訪談各台新聞導播，探討新聞導播角色的三個面向： 1、 新聞產製流程最後一道關卡的導播，數位衝擊前後的角色與知能。 2、 數位衝擊的過程中在技術及觀念上如何回應。 3、 未來導播們該如何在心理和角色認知上做調整？並提出導播未來養成訓練的建議。 / Technology has impacted the procedure of news production. Various new innovations have also contributed to concepts, knowledge and continuous influence of TV news producing workers. As a result, it has been competitive in Taiwan news field. According to the development of the digital technology after eliminating analogy techniques, non-linear editing and tapeless production are the goals to be achieved for many companies, such as Formosa TV, ETTV, DaAi TV, Era TV, SetNews and TVBS. Offering one piece of edited news to two or more channels to broadcast reduces the mistakes. As a researcher, I had been a senior director in TVBS. Moreover, not only had I participated the digital procedure but also recorded the awareness of a director, the change of any concept and the methods of adjusting and solving the problems, Through the profound interviews with many directors of different TV companies, It is expected that I would like to discuss three aspects of a news director: 1. Being the last inspector of the news producing. the director’s characters and awareness shift after digital impact, 2. How does a director response to the techniques and the concept during the process of digital impact? 3. How do the directors adjust their roles in mind? There are some suggested solutions in the future program for directors-to-be.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de recenser les critères qui permettent de donner sens aux oeuvres d’art contemporain dans l’espace public. Lors des conflits d’opinions, les protagonistes sont amenés à monter en généralité pour justifier leur point de vue, ce qui permet au chercheur d’avoir accès aux valeurs qui confèrent un sens à l’objet. Cependant, l’emprise du discours promotionnel du monde de l’art contemporain et les contraintes ayant transformé la critique d’art en un journalisme désengagé et consensuel rendent problématique la légitimité d’une critique négative dans l’espace public. L’enquête a d’abord porté sur les sujets développés par les journaux télévisés sur l’art contemporain afin d’appréhender les critères mobilisés par ce journalisme de communication qui tente de satisfaire la variété des valeurs admises par la société. Par la suite, les disputes des profanes sur le réseau social YouTube ont été analysées. Celles-ci donnent accès à une prise de parole libérée des contraintes du monde de l’art et du journalisme permettant à des critiques négatives de s’exprimer. Grâce à une sociologie des valeurs et une analyse du discours, il fut possible de typifier les arguments recevables dans l’espace public.Cette typification permet d’énoncer l’hypothèse que le sens politique donné à l’art désamorce, paradoxalement, la possibilité d’une polémique. Cette politisation de l’art favorise des critères d’évaluation des oeuvres dont la cohérence apparaît en considérant l’insolite comme une nouvelle catégorie esthétique commune à différentes pratiques culturelles. / The purpose of this thesis is to identify criteria to understand how contemporary artworks make sense in public space. When conflict of opinions happen, protagonists are led to rise in generality to justify their point of view, which allows the researcher to access at values giving a meaning to the object. However, the influence of the promotional discourse from the contemporary art world and the constraints that transformed art criticism in a journalism disengaged and consensual make problematic the legitimacy of a negative critique in the public space. First, the research focused on the subjects covered by newscast about contemporary art in order to understand criteria raised by this communication journalism that tries to satisfy the variety of accepted values by society. Then, disputes on the social network YouTube were analyzed. These give access to a speech freed from the constraints of the art world and journalism where the expression of a negative critique is possible. Thanks to sociology of values and a discourse analysis, it was possible to typify the receivable arguments in the public sphere. This patterning allows to state the hypothesis that the political meaning given to art defuses, paradoxically, the possibility of controversy. This politicization of art promotes evaluation criteria of artworks whose consistency appears considering the ‘‘insolite’’ as a new aesthetic category common to different cultural practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-09-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:51:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leal_pmv_me_bauru.pdf: 1627255 bytes, checksum: 55fb934a268155edeb585e38239c7469 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo: 1) investigar como são construídos os enquadramentos noticiosos televisivos no telejornalismo, por meio da análise comparativa de dois importantes telejornais brasileiros, sendo um de uma emissora comercial e o outro de uma público-educativa; 2) estudar o papel dos enquadres dos telejornais em um caso de violação dos direitos civis da cidadania. Para atingir tais objetivos, optamos por analisar o Jornal Nacional, a Rede Globo de Televisão, e o Jornal da Cultura de São Paulo, ambos veiculados no horário nobre da televisão brasileira. Definidos por Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), os enquadramentos da mídia são padrões persistentes de cognição, interpretação e apresentação, de seleção, ênfase e exclusão, através dos quais os detentores de símbolos organizam de forma rotineira o discurso. Desta forma, enquadrar significa selecionar um aspecto de fato e satisfaze-lo, ao passo que as omissões podem ser igualmente fundamentais para conduzir a audiência. Para salientar os enquadramentos dessas emissoras televisivas distintas, escolhemos o caso do Morro da Providência, Rio de Janeiro, ocorrido em junho de 2008, que mostrou a participação do Exército na morte de três jornais e denúncia de propaganda política eleitoral feita por Marcelo Crivella. A análise mostra que os telejornais foram muito semelhantes e focalizam o aspecto informativo, não aproveitando este episódio para a educação cidadã dos brasileiros ou para reforçar os direitos humanos que foram violentamente violados / This researh aims: to investigate how the television news framing are built in broadcast news, through comparative analysis of two major Brazilian news programs, one from a commercial TV station and the other from a public TV station; 2) to study the role of the frames of the news programs during the coverage of a civil rights of citizenship violatin event. To achieve the goals, we chose to analyze the Journal Nacional, from Rede Globo TV, and the Jornal da Cultura, from TV Cultura de São Paulo, both running in the prime-time of Brazilian television. Set by Gitlin (1980, p. 6-7), media frames are persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation, and presentation, of selection, emphasis, and exclusion, by which symbol-handlers routinely organize discourse, whether verbal or visual. Thus, to frame means slecting a point of fact and highlight it, while the omissions may also be critical to conduct the audience. To highlight the frameworks of those different television stations, we chose the case of Morro da Providencia, Rio de Janeiro, in June 2008, which showed the involvement of the army in the deaths of three young men, and the reporting of political election propaganda made by Marcelo Crivella. The analysis shows that television news programs were very similar and focused on the informational aspect, not using this episode for the Brazilian citizenship education or to enforce human rights that have been violently violated

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-03-14T12:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8607046 bytes, checksum: 27458efa5a2d7d92d8bdb7df6e8ea405 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T12:53:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8607046 bytes, checksum: 27458efa5a2d7d92d8bdb7df6e8ea405 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-28 / This paper aims at investigating how digital technologies and TV spectators as contents producers affect the routines and the ways of news making at JPBI. We try to identify and understand the changes in the productive routines of this news bulletin with the aid of a conceptual dialogue among media phenomenon, convergence of media, ‘collaborative journalism’, ‘participative journalism’; use of mobile digital technologies and productive routines. To understand the scenery in which the productive routine is affected, the methodology of case study was used together with Ethnography, highlighting, however, that we do not intend to adopt the same accuracy in the description of the facts as Ethnography does. Qualitative data recollection techniques, like participative observation, semi-structured interviews and observation records or field diaries have been used in this work. It is assumed that the adoption of traditional processes of production, internet researches and commentaries sent spontaneously by viewers or stimulated by the production of the program, configure production routines. The JPBI’s production routines benefit from the collaboration of viewers as long as this process engenders a criterion of relevant noticeability to the profile of the service provider of this television news program, that is, ‘viewer’s visibility’; this process is guided by the producers and the mediators of JPBI based on patterns of a certain ‘contact zone’ with rules and regulations dictated by this program. As a way to meet the demands of a professional Master degree, more than a problematic analysis, what we also try to do is to prospect the mobile TV news JPB which was developed by the researcher during her study, with the intention of improving the practice of inclusion of the viewers in the processes of production of a “collaborative journalism”, that is, with a large and effective participation of the viewers in all stages of its production. / Investiga-se nesta pesquisa como as tecnologias digitais e os telespectadores, como geradores de conteúdos, afetam as rotinas e os modos de construção da notícia no JPB1. Procura-se identificar e compreender mudanças nas rotinas produtivas desse telejornal com o auxílio de um diálogo conceitual entre fenômeno da midiatização, convergência entre mídias, “jornalismo colaborativo”; “jornalismo participativo”, uso de tecnologias móveis digitais e rotinas produtivas. Para compreender o cenário das afetações das rotinas produtivas, adota-se a Metodologia de Estudo de Caso, procurando aproximação com a Etnografia, ressalvando-se, contudo, que não se pretende adotar com rigor a descrição dos fatos em nível de Etnografia. Utilizam-se técnicas de coleta de dados qualitativas: observação participante, entrevista semiestruturada e registros de observação ou diário de campo. Pressupõe-se que as rotinas de produção se configuram com a adoção de processos tradicionais de produção, pesquisas na Internet e absorção de materiais enviados pelos telespectadores espontaneamente ou por estímulos da produção do programa. As rotinas produtivas do JPB1 são submetidas à colaboração dos telespectadores, na medida em que esse processo gera um critério de noticiabilidade relevante para o perfil de prestador de serviço desse telejornal: “visibilidade do telespectador”; sendo esse processo “guiado” pelos produtores e mediadores do JPB1 nos moldes de uma “zona de contato” com normas e regras ditadas por esse telejornal. Como forma de atender as demandas de um mestrado profissional, para além da análise da problemática, procura-se prospectar, descrevendo o JPB Móvel, produto criado pela pesquisadora para o telejornal em questão no interstício do mestrado, com a intenção de avançar nas práticas de inclusão dos telespectadores nos processos de produção de um “telejornalismo participativo”, ou seja, com participação mais ampla e efetiva do telespectador em todo o processo produtivo.

Uppsatsens syfte är att se vilka urval, lokala och regionala nyhetsprogram gör innehållsmässigt och geografiskt. De analysenheter vi valt är TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och SVT Smålandsnytt. Vi jämförde även de två programmens inslag beträffande typ och längd. Vi studerade under tre veckors tid nyhetssammanfattningen 21.55 från TV4Nyheterna Jönköping och nyhetssammanfattningen 22.15 från SVT SmålandsNytt. Anledningen till att vi valde nyhetssammanfattningar var för att vi vill se vad som kanalerna ansåg vara de viktigaste händelserna under dagen, det som var värt att sammanfatta. Den valda metoden är kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Valet gjordes för att vi ville undersöka statistiskt mätbara variabler, som tid, olika ämnen i inslagen och antal inslag per kommun. Detta är statistisk data och lämpar sig bäst då att räkna kvantitativt. Analysen har gjorts med hjälp av en kodbok och kodblanketter. Resultaten visade att i TV4Nyheterna Jönköping fanns det en stark centralisering till sändningsorten, Jönköping. I SmålandsNytt däremot fanns inte lika stark koncentration till Växjö, som är SmålandNytts sändningsort, utan även här dominerade Jönköping. Detta anser vi beror på det uppmärksammade studentmordet som rapporterats mycket om i programmen. De inslagslängder som var vanligast i båda nyhetsprogrammen var 16-30 sekunder. Det ämne som uppmärksammandes mest var brott/olyckor. Våra resultat visade inte på några stora skillnader mellan nyhetsprogrammen. / Our aim with the essay is to see how local and regional two news programmes are and which news they prioritize. The chosen programmes are TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and SVT Smålandsnytt. We will look into the differences between those two, when it comes to the type of elements, but also the difference in how long the elements are (in terms of time). The material we chose where the news summary 09.55 pm from TV4Nyheterna Jönköping and the news summary 10.15 pm from SVT SmålandsNytt, for three weeks. The reason why we chose news summaries is because we want to see what the channels consider are the most important events during the day, witch news where worth summarize. The selected method is quantitative content analysis. We chose that because we wanted to examine statistically measurable variables, as time, different matters in the elements and numbers elements by the municipality. Since it is statistical fact it suits best to count quantitatively. The analysis has been done with the aid of a code book and code forms. The results showed that TV4Nyheterna Jönköping had centralization to consignments place, Jönköping. But when it comes to SmålandsNytt, they did not have any centralization to the consignments place, instead Jönköping dominated here also. We consider that this can to do the with murder of a student that has been reported a lot about in the programmes. When it came to the time length of the elements that dominated in both of the news programmes where 16-30 seconds and the most common matters where criminal/accidents. According to Hadenius and Weibull are criminal/accidents one of the most primary readings at the newspaper readers. Our results did not show on some big differences in our two news programmes, SmålandsNytt and TV4Nyheterna Jönköping.

Diploma thesis "Analysis of the mixed public-private system of the TV broadcasting in France from the aspect of news" deals with the TV broadcasting in France, its development and its present. In the experimental part of this work the author tried to describe the principal TV news broadcast of the two most powerful French TV stations and to compare it to the two corresponding TV stations in the Czech Republic. The goal of this comparison was to find out whether the public and private TV stations news have some features in common, concerning for example its content, types of the reports and other universally established methods, how to attract the TV viewers and to increase the ratings. The author tried to find these principles via the research, to describe them by the comparison of the main evening news broadcast in the chosen nationwide private TV station in France and its corresponding counterparts in the Czech Republic and the subsequent comparison with the parallel pair of public stations. The author of this thesis also deals with the premise, that the private TV stations tend to the "infotainment" - the "funny" way of presenting the news in order to attract the viewers to the screens, often at the expense of its information value. This is also the reason why this diploma thesis deals in one...

The diploma thesis deals with the role of a television news anchorman/woman. It focuses on the origin of the anchorman, the main and characteristic professional prerequisites, and the differences between the anchormen of public and commercial television. The primary role of the moderator is to inform about current events. But in the same time be objective, neutral, and trustworthy, and leave a way expressing one's own emotions. However, these values may differ as to the television broadcasting system. As part of his role in television, they can be a suitable element in media self-presentation. The thesis focuses on work with commercial and public television, analyses the emotional and professional aspects of his work and his contribution to the creation of news programs. The research is also carried out among the public, which enables the main characteristics and functions of moderators.