This paper’s aim is to discover the impact of economical, demographic and traditional determinants on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League. Generally it is assumed by people that financially strong clubs tend to win on the pitch most of the time. Is it really true? Is it always the same wealthy teams which win in the end? Football is a type of entertainment and people would like to see games with uncertain outcomes and a balanced competitiveness between two sides. In this way they can enjoy this entertainment. In that case, how uncertain is the outcome and how balanced is the competition in UEFA Champions League? In order to answer all these questions a multiple regression analysis is built including economic, demographic and traditional variables both at club and country level. These mentioned explanatory variables are GDP per capita of the home country, population of the host city, total market value of the team’s players, capacity of the stadium, country’s participation in international tournaments, club’s age, rank of the next best team from the same country and country’s hosting an international tournament. It turned out that financially advantageous clubs which have stadiums with larger capacities and located in more populated cities have more chances of winning than the others. Then again, it is observed that countries’ football tradition and dedication does not have a significant impact on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ball State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 12, 2010). Research paper (M.A.), 3 hrs. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-60).

Orientador: Roberto Rodrigues Paes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T10:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Galatti_LarissaRafaela_M.pdf: 2365609 bytes, checksum: 5695486aea233980eb573cc06077ac91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A partir da concepção do Esporte enquanto um fenômeno sócio-cultural de múltiplas manifestações, este estudo tem por objetivo contribuir para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Jogos Esportivos Coletivos (JECs), tendo como foco crianças e adolescentes inseridos em ambientes de educação formal ou não-formal. Para tal, propomos a elaboração de um Livro Didático que trate dos JECs tanto em seus aspectos práticos como teóricos. Para tal, esta dissertação está organizada em três momentos: (1) a elaboração de um suporte teórico envolvendo quatro eixos centrais, sendo eles: a concepção fenomênica do esporte; as contribuições da pedagogia do esporte no processo de iniciação esportiva; os jogos esportivos coletivos (JECs) e um olhar a partir da ciência contemporânea sobre os temas tratados. Este capítulo tende a sustentar teoricamente o estudo e seu prosseguimento; (2) Livro Didático: Neste momento nos preocupamos em conceituar LD e trazer para a Educação Física conhecimentos ainda não explorados pela área que nos subsidie e indiquem procedimentos para a elaboração de um livro didático em Educação Física, assim como a justificativa por optarmos por este recurso e por termos selecionado como conteúdo os jogos esportivos coletivos. Ainda neste capítulo, trataremos da importância e qual a necessidade deste tipo de material para a área; (3) Na expectativa de avançar em relação a outros estudos que tratem dos JECs e esporte na infância, sugeriremos neste capítulo um livro didático sobre esportes com foco nos JECs, com uma linguagem adequada a este público. Para tal, utilizaremos o conceito de Seqüência Didática proposto por Dolz, J.; M. Noverraz & B. Schneuwly (2004), a fim de selecionarmos os conteúdos de forma adequada aos objetivos deste LD, que é contribuir para a compreensão dos JECs por parte de crianças e adolescentes que praticam os mesmos, tanto no âmbito da educação formal como não-formal / Abstract: From the conception of Sport as a social-cultural phenomenon of multiple manifestations, this study has the objective of contributing for the process of education and learning in Team Sports, having as focus children and adolescents in environments of formal or non-formal education. For such, we consider the elaboration of a Didactic Book as a partner on Team Games learning in its practical aspects as theoreticians. Being thus, this study is organized at three parts: (1) conceptions about Sport; the contributions of Sport¿s Pedagogy; Team Sports; and a look of contemporary Science on the treated subjects. (2) a conception about Didactic Book, bringing to the Physical Education knowledge not yet explored by the area that in subsidizes them and indicates procedures for the elaboration of a Didactic Book in Physical Education. Still in this chapter, we will deal with the importance and which the necessity of this type of pedagogical resource for the area, as well as the justification for opting to this resource and terms selected as content Sport Games. (3) In the expectation to advance in relation to other studies that deal with the Sport Games in infancy, we suggest in this chapter a didactic book on Sports with focus in the Games, with an adequate language to this public. For such, we will use the concept of Didactic Sequence, in order to select the contents and adequate form to the objectives of this didactic book, that converge in contributing to the understanding of the Sport Games on the part of children and adolescents who practice the same ones, considering in such a way its aspects technician-tacticians as social-educational / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilka upplevelser lagmedlemmar inom ett manligt ishockeylag har kring sammanhållning, samt vilka faktorer som upplevs vara betydande för social sammanhållning och uppgiftsorienterad sammanhållning. Syftet med studien var även att få en fördjupad kunskap kring hur lagets upplevda sammanhållning påverkar den idrottsliga prestationen. Studiens teoretiska ramverk baseras på en begreppsmodell över lagsammanhållning i idrottslag, vilket är en modell som förklarar social sammanhållning och uppgiftsorienterad sammanhållning samt de två huvudgrupperna; gruppintegration och individens attraktion till gruppen. För att undersöka studiens syfte så använde sig författarna till denna studie av semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Åtta personer deltog i studien och intervjuades utifrån en intervjuguide vilken var inspirerad av mätinstrumentet Group Environment Questionnaire. Studiens deltagare var mellan 20-28 år. Det insamlade materialet analyserades utifrån en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visar att manliga idrottare upplever sammanhållning som en central del av ett idrottslag och anser att det finns ett samband mellan lagsammanhållning och prestation. Undersökningsdeltagarna uppmärksammade främst social sammanhållning som en framgångsrik faktor kopplat till prestation. Slutsatsen är att sammanhållning som helhet är en central faktor för ett fungerande och framgångsrikt idrottslag. / The purpose of the study was to investigate what experiences team members within a male ice hockey team have about cohesion, as well as what factors are perceived to be important for social cohesion and task-oriented cohesion. The purpose of the study was also to gain an indepth knowledge of how the team's perceived cohesion affects athletic performance. The study's theoretical framework is based on a conceptual model of team cohesion in sports teams, which is a model that explains social and task-oriented team cohesion as well as the two main groups; group integration and the individual's attraction to the group. To investigate the purpose of the study, the authors of this study used semi-structured interviews as a method. Eight people participated in the study and were interviewed through an interview guide which was inspired by the measuring instrument Group Environment Questionnaire. The participants of the study were between 20-28 years old. The collected material was analyzed through a thematic analysis. The results of the study show that male athletes experience cohesion as a central part of a sports team and believe that there is a connection between team cohesion and performance. The participants of the study paid particular attention to social cohesion as a successful factor linked to performance. The conclusion is that cohesion as a whole is a central factor for a functioning and successful sports team.

There are several strategies to enhance athletes’ physical abilities, both long-term and acutely. Two of these strategies are periodization, which often spans from months to years, and tapering, spanning several weeks. However, given the timeframe of efficacy from the aforementioned strategies, they are better suited to a few competitions rather than on a weekly basis. Later research has proposed a “delayed potentiation” strategy, which spans from 6 - 48 hours. However, research in support of its efficacy is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of delayed potentiation in sub-elite female soccer players.Thirty-one sub-elite female football players were divided into two groups (age: 21.2 ± 2.9 years, bodyweight: 61.7 ± 6.3 kg, height: 168.2 ± 6.8 cm & 1RM trap-bar deadlift: 96.1 ± 10.8). The intervention group performed 6 x 4 sets of loaded trap-bar jumps. Variables examined 24 hours after intervention were countermovement jump performance, 10 and 20-m sprint. An ANCOVA was conducted to determine a statistically significant difference between the two groups, controlling for pre-test scores. The ANCOVA revealed no significant difference between intervention and control group for post-test countermovement-jump, 10 and 20-m sprint controlling for pre-test scores (p = 0.69, d = 0.14, p = 0.58, d = 0.19 and p = 0.61, d = 0.17 respectively.) Thus, delayed potentiation did not significantly affect sub-elite female soccer players' explosive performance in the lower extremities.

No description available.

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de elaborar um modelo de análise do jogo de futebol baseado em uma referência dinâmica de descrição do jogo. A elaboração deste modelo foi feita com base no modelo semântico de Lamas (2012) e na linguagem de descrição dos eventos de Seabra (2010). A partir da proposta de Lamas (2012) foi elaborado um modelo com maior resolução conceitual inspirado na categorização de tarefas de Bayer (1986), específico ao jogo de futebol. Depois disso, este modelo com maior resolução conceitual foi adaptado à linguagem de descrição dos eventos de Seabra (2010). Com o modelo adaptado foram elaboradas categorias de segmentos (classes de dinâmicas) a partir da decomposição do jogo em segmentos elementares e posterior reagrupamento destes em classes maiores que representam as transições entre as fases do modelo. A frequência de ocorrência destes segmentos foi o objeto de análise. Foram criadas três tipos de comparações entre classes a partir das frequências: classes principais, subclasses de penetração e subclasses de penetração que resultam em finalização. A aplicação do modelo na mesma unidade amostral de Seabra (2010) demonstrou que as classes de comparação são eficientes na discriminação da forma de jogar das equipes. Entretanto, o modelo final apresenta ainda muitas simplificações que diminuem seu potencial descritivo. Em virtude disto, ainda é necessário aprimora-lo para potencializar a descrição dos eventos jogo / The aim of this study was to create model soccer analysis based dynamic model. The preparation this model was based on semantic model of Lamas (2012) and events description language of Seabra (2010). A model with greater resolution inspired by the conceptual categorization tasks of Bayer (1986), specific to soccer game was elaborated from semantic model of Lamas (2012). After that, this conceptual model with higher resolution was adapted to events description language of Seabra (2010). From the adapted model, categories of segments (dynamic classes) were created from the decomposition of the game in elementary segments and subsequent reunification of these segments into larger segments classes that represent the transitions between the stages of the model. The frequency of these class was the central point of analyze. It was create three types of comparisons from class\' frequencies: main classes, penetration subclasses and finalization subclasses penetration. The application gave strong indications that the classes should be efficient in predicting the form of the teams playing. However, the final model has many simplifications that reduce its descriptive potential. For this reason, it is still necessary to improve the model to enhance the description of the game events

O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de elaborar um modelo de análise do jogo de futebol baseado em uma referência dinâmica de descrição do jogo. A elaboração deste modelo foi feita com base no modelo semântico de Lamas (2012) e na linguagem de descrição dos eventos de Seabra (2010). A partir da proposta de Lamas (2012) foi elaborado um modelo com maior resolução conceitual inspirado na categorização de tarefas de Bayer (1986), específico ao jogo de futebol. Depois disso, este modelo com maior resolução conceitual foi adaptado à linguagem de descrição dos eventos de Seabra (2010). Com o modelo adaptado foram elaboradas categorias de segmentos (classes de dinâmicas) a partir da decomposição do jogo em segmentos elementares e posterior reagrupamento destes em classes maiores que representam as transições entre as fases do modelo. A frequência de ocorrência destes segmentos foi o objeto de análise. Foram criadas três tipos de comparações entre classes a partir das frequências: classes principais, subclasses de penetração e subclasses de penetração que resultam em finalização. A aplicação do modelo na mesma unidade amostral de Seabra (2010) demonstrou que as classes de comparação são eficientes na discriminação da forma de jogar das equipes. Entretanto, o modelo final apresenta ainda muitas simplificações que diminuem seu potencial descritivo. Em virtude disto, ainda é necessário aprimora-lo para potencializar a descrição dos eventos jogo / The aim of this study was to create model soccer analysis based dynamic model. The preparation this model was based on semantic model of Lamas (2012) and events description language of Seabra (2010). A model with greater resolution inspired by the conceptual categorization tasks of Bayer (1986), specific to soccer game was elaborated from semantic model of Lamas (2012). After that, this conceptual model with higher resolution was adapted to events description language of Seabra (2010). From the adapted model, categories of segments (dynamic classes) were created from the decomposition of the game in elementary segments and subsequent reunification of these segments into larger segments classes that represent the transitions between the stages of the model. The frequency of these class was the central point of analyze. It was create three types of comparisons from class\' frequencies: main classes, penetration subclasses and finalization subclasses penetration. The application gave strong indications that the classes should be efficient in predicting the form of the teams playing. However, the final model has many simplifications that reduce its descriptive potential. For this reason, it is still necessary to improve the model to enhance the description of the game events

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Team spirit is a concept often used in both managerial literature and in other contexts where the efficiency of a group is discussed. Despite the fact that team spirit is used as a selling point for courses, books and seminars, no unambiguous definition of the term is available. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify what team spirit means to individuals within companies and team sports.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The thesis has been carried out using studies of available literature, which has been compiled into a conceivable model of what team spirit may imply. From this model a poll has been made, and handed out to individuals within companies as well as team sports. After having compiled the 37 replies, correlating answers has been sought after within each group of respondents.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Result & Conclusions:</strong> The result shows us that there are varying opinions of what team spirit is, and generally accepted definitions of closely related ideas like cohesion and group development has to the respondents not been able to form a satisfying description of what team spirit means. Team spirit is therefore a concept being defined by each individual for themselves. Combined with peoples desire for team spirit, this constitutes an opportunity to use the term as a linguistic strategy in order to reach own goals.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Suggestions for future research: </strong>Future research should in order to discern any connections between individuals’ opinions of team spirit, and their environment, consist of qualitative interviews. An increased field of research might comprise the questions how team spirit is achieved, what effects it has, and how a leader influences it.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Contribution of the thesis: </strong>The thesis points out that team spirit is a concept not easily defined, which also can be used in several different ways. Anyone working with the making of team spirit, or discussing team spirit, draws benefit of shaping their own conscious perspective of the concept. In this respect, this thesis constitutes a helpful contribution.</p> / <p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Laganda är ett begrepp som används flitigt inom både managementlitteratur och i andra sammanhang där gruppers effektivitet diskuteras. Trots att laganda används som säljargument för kurser, böcker och föreläsningar finns ingen entydig definition på termen. Studiens syfte är att söka klargöra vad laganda innebär för olika individer inom företag och lagidrott.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>Studien har utförts genom att befintlig litteratur studerats och sammanställts till en möjlig modell över vad laganda kan innebära. Utifrån den utgångsfiguren har en enkät formats och delats ut till individer inom såväl företag som lagidrott. Efter att ha sammanställt de 37 enkätsvar som inkommit har studien sökt finna korrelerande svar inom respondentgrupperna.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Resultat & slutsats: </strong>Resultatet visar att det råder mycket skiftande meningar om vad laganda är, och vedertagna definitioner av närliggande begrepp som exempelvis sammanhållning och grupputveckling har inte för respondenterna kunnat sägas bilda en tillfredsställande beskrivning av laganda. Laganda är således en term som varje individ definierar för sig själv. I kombination till människors begär efter laganda utgör detta en möjlighet att utnyttja begreppet laganda som språkstrategi för att nå egna syften.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Förslag till fortsatt forskning:</strong> Fortsatt forskning bör för att kunna urskilja samband mellan individers uppfattning om laganda och deras miljö utgöras av kvalitativa intervjuer. Ett utökat forskningsområde kan utgöras av frågeställningarna hur laganda åstadkoms, vilka effekter den har samt ledares påverkan av laganda.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Uppsatsens bidrag:</strong> Uppsatsen pekar på att laganda är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som kan användas på olika sätt. Alla som arbetar med att skapa laganda eller diskuterar laganda har nytta av att för sig själv skapa ett medvetet perspektiv på begreppet. Härvid utgör uppsatsen ett användbart bidrag.</p>

<p>Our starting point has been to use the football player Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a model person for individualism that seams to break the ordinary socialization pattern in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine how the team leaders handle the socialization of more individualistic focused individuals/young persons into groups, since the Swedish School Curriculum is designed to meet each individual on his or hers former experiences. Is the socialization of individuals within team sports affected by their cultural background? And, in that case, should those facts have consequences for the sport subject at school? Those are the questions we want to explore. Besides a survey of documents, we have been seeking answers to our questions through interviews with the team leaders Roland Nilsson and Peter Bergander, the pedagogues/teachers Karin Jutterström and Håkan Jensgård and the professional football player Abgar Barson.</p><p>Our study shows that the leaders and teachers of today have begun to change their view about individualists. Further, our study shows that young persons with other ethnic origin/foreign background that choose their own ways can be disqualified by a national view that is different from the perception of the ethnic Swedish, when they break the unwritten and unspoken rules and standards.</p><p>Our conclusion is that a change seems to be happening in the mentality of the mainstream Swedish society. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has become an object of identification for many young people in Sweden during the last years. It´s our point of view that the concept of “being a Zlatan” stands for a person that dares to be an extreme individualist. We believe that we stand upon a change of paradigm on the notion of individualism in Sweden since the collective thinking in Swedish society seems to be developing towards a higher acceptance for an individualistic behaviour. This is, as we see it, a development within team sports as well as a development in the rest of Swedish society, for instance, within the educational system. </p>