This quantitative study deals with the transition from junior to senior sports comparing individual (ISA) and team (TSA) sports athletes in terms of: (a) differences between transition and personal variables, (b) relationships between transition and personal variables, (c) contributions of some transition and personal variables into the quality of adjustment on the senior level of sport. There were 195 participants, ISA (n = 49) and TSA (n = 146). Four instruments were used: the Transition Monitoring Survey, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Physical Self Perception Profile (revised). Thirty significant differences in the transition and personal variables were found. There was a common pattern in the correlations between transition and personal variables and specific patterns for ISA and TSA. Coping strategies, body attractiveness, athletic identity and physical self-value appeared to be predictors for the quality of adjustment for ISA and coping strategies, ego orientation and physical self-value for TSA. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research. / Den här kvantitativa studien handlar om övergången från junior till senior idrott och jämför individuella idrottare (II) och lag idrottare (LI) i: (a) skillnader i övergångs och personlighets variabler, (b) relationerna mellan övergångs och personlighets variabler, (c) hur några övergångs och personlighets variabler bidrar till idrottarnas anpassning till senior nivån. I studien deltog 195 idrottare, II (n = 49) och LI (n = 146). Fyra mätinstrument användes: Enkäten Karriärövergången från Junior- till Senioridrott, the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Physical Self Perception Profile (revised). Trettio signifikanta skillnader i övergångs och personlighets variabler hittades. Det fanns ett gemensamt mönster i korrelationerna mellan övergångs och personlighets variablerna och de specifika monstrena för II och LI. Coping strategier, kroppsattraktivitet, idrottsidentitet och fysiskt självvärde verkade förutspå hur anpassade II var till senior nivån och coping strategier, ego motivation och fysiskt självvärde till hur anpassade LI var till senior nivån. Resultaten diskuterades med hjälp av teoretiskt referensram och tidigare forskning.

Our starting point has been to use the football player Zlatan Ibrahimovic as a model person for individualism that seams to break the ordinary socialization pattern in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to examine how the team leaders handle the socialization of more individualistic focused individuals/young persons into groups, since the Swedish School Curriculum is designed to meet each individual on his or hers former experiences. Is the socialization of individuals within team sports affected by their cultural background? And, in that case, should those facts have consequences for the sport subject at school? Those are the questions we want to explore. Besides a survey of documents, we have been seeking answers to our questions through interviews with the team leaders Roland Nilsson and Peter Bergander, the pedagogues/teachers Karin Jutterström and Håkan Jensgård and the professional football player Abgar Barson. Our study shows that the leaders and teachers of today have begun to change their view about individualists. Further, our study shows that young persons with other ethnic origin/foreign background that choose their own ways can be disqualified by a national view that is different from the perception of the ethnic Swedish, when they break the unwritten and unspoken rules and standards. Our conclusion is that a change seems to be happening in the mentality of the mainstream Swedish society. Zlatan Ibrahimovic has become an object of identification for many young people in Sweden during the last years. It´s our point of view that the concept of “being a Zlatan” stands for a person that dares to be an extreme individualist. We believe that we stand upon a change of paradigm on the notion of individualism in Sweden since the collective thinking in Swedish society seems to be developing towards a higher acceptance for an individualistic behaviour. This is, as we see it, a development within team sports as well as a development in the rest of Swedish society, for instance, within the educational system.

Aim: Team spirit is a concept often used in both managerial literature and in other contexts where the efficiency of a group is discussed. Despite the fact that team spirit is used as a selling point for courses, books and seminars, no unambiguous definition of the term is available. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify what team spirit means to individuals within companies and team sports.   Method: The thesis has been carried out using studies of available literature, which has been compiled into a conceivable model of what team spirit may imply. From this model a poll has been made, and handed out to individuals within companies as well as team sports. After having compiled the 37 replies, correlating answers has been sought after within each group of respondents.   Result & Conclusions: The result shows us that there are varying opinions of what team spirit is, and generally accepted definitions of closely related ideas like cohesion and group development has to the respondents not been able to form a satisfying description of what team spirit means. Team spirit is therefore a concept being defined by each individual for themselves. Combined with peoples desire for team spirit, this constitutes an opportunity to use the term as a linguistic strategy in order to reach own goals.   Suggestions for future research: Future research should in order to discern any connections between individuals’ opinions of team spirit, and their environment, consist of qualitative interviews. An increased field of research might comprise the questions how team spirit is achieved, what effects it has, and how a leader influences it.   Contribution of the thesis: The thesis points out that team spirit is a concept not easily defined, which also can be used in several different ways. Anyone working with the making of team spirit, or discussing team spirit, draws benefit of shaping their own conscious perspective of the concept. In this respect, this thesis constitutes a helpful contribution. / Syfte: Laganda är ett begrepp som används flitigt inom både managementlitteratur och i andra sammanhang där gruppers effektivitet diskuteras. Trots att laganda används som säljargument för kurser, böcker och föreläsningar finns ingen entydig definition på termen. Studiens syfte är att söka klargöra vad laganda innebär för olika individer inom företag och lagidrott.   Metod: Studien har utförts genom att befintlig litteratur studerats och sammanställts till en möjlig modell över vad laganda kan innebära. Utifrån den utgångsfiguren har en enkät formats och delats ut till individer inom såväl företag som lagidrott. Efter att ha sammanställt de 37 enkätsvar som inkommit har studien sökt finna korrelerande svar inom respondentgrupperna.   Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet visar att det råder mycket skiftande meningar om vad laganda är, och vedertagna definitioner av närliggande begrepp som exempelvis sammanhållning och grupputveckling har inte för respondenterna kunnat sägas bilda en tillfredsställande beskrivning av laganda. Laganda är således en term som varje individ definierar för sig själv. I kombination till människors begär efter laganda utgör detta en möjlighet att utnyttja begreppet laganda som språkstrategi för att nå egna syften.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Fortsatt forskning bör för att kunna urskilja samband mellan individers uppfattning om laganda och deras miljö utgöras av kvalitativa intervjuer. Ett utökat forskningsområde kan utgöras av frågeställningarna hur laganda åstadkoms, vilka effekter den har samt ledares påverkan av laganda.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen pekar på att laganda är ett svårdefinierat begrepp som kan användas på olika sätt. Alla som arbetar med att skapa laganda eller diskuterar laganda har nytta av att för sig själv skapa ett medvetet perspektiv på begreppet. Härvid utgör uppsatsen ett användbart bidrag.

Relationen mellan tränare och aktiv idrottande individ är en viktig faktor för idrottsrelaterad framgång. Många forskare framhäver dess vikt och menar att det ibland är den mest avgörande faktorn. Vidare är det bevisat att engagemang är viktigt för individens idrottsrelaterade prestationer. Syftet med undersökningen är därför att undersöka huruvida relationen mellan tränare och aktiv idrottande individ har ett samband med individens engagemang och om det föreligger skillnader mellan lagidrott och individidrott. Kvantitativ datainsamlingsmetod användes och undersökningen gjordes på 108 stycken (79 pojkar och 29 flickor) unga tävlingsidrottare i åldern 15-18 år. Undersökningen är en tvärsnittsstudie med frågeformulär baserat på tidigare forskning. Analysen gjordes med korrelationsanalys, både för totala gruppen av respondenter och på de olika idrottstyperna individuell idrott (n=55) och lagidrott (n=53) samt genom en multipel regressionsanalys. Resultatet visade på ett positivt, medelstarkt samband där en förändring i engagemang kan förklaras av en förändring i relation till 20 procent. De starkast korrelerade faktorerna visade sig vara complementarity för relation och för engagemang visade undervariablerna framåtanda och hängivenhet starkast samband med relationen. Slutsatserna visade att det finns ett samband mellan relation och engagemang. Inga betydliga skillnader i total relation fanns i jämförelsen mellan individidrott och lagidrott, dock visade det sig att olika variabler korrelerar starkast beroende på idrottstyp. För lagidrott har självförtroende och för individidrott har hängivenhet starkast samband med total relation. Nivå har även betydelse för individens engagemang, högre nivå visade ett samband med högre engagemang. / The relation between a coach and an active athlete is, as many researchers postulated, a very important factor for success in sports. Sometimes even accentuated as the most important and crucial element. Researchers have earlier proven that engagement also is very important for the individual athletes‟ prosperity. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the relationship and its influence to the individual athletes‟ engagement and if differences between team-sports and individual sports exists. 108 young Swedish competitive athletes (79 males and 29 females) in ages between 15-18 years were examined trough a quantitative cross-sectional study. The questionnaires used is based on earlier studies and developed by other recognized researchers. Analyze is based on correlation analysis, both as the whole group of respondents as one unit and the types of sports differentiated such as individual (n=55) and team (n=53) plus multiple regression analysis. Results revealed a positive medium strong relation with an explanation in change for engagement is explained by a change in relation to a value slightly overbearing twenty percent. The factors that incline to be, at total, strongest correlated to relation are vigor and dedication and the most important subcategory in relation appeared to be complementarity. The conclusion in this study is that coach-athlete relationship is related to engagement. No considerable differences arose for total relation in comparison between individual sports and team-sports. However, results revealed that different variables in engagement are implicated differently based on type of sport. For athletes active in team-sports is self-confidence and for individual athletes is dedication the most implicated variable. Levels of competition also showed to be related to engagement, higher level were related to engagement.

Orientador: Roberto Rodrigues Paes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T09:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_HenriqueBarcelos_M.pdf: 1217967 bytes, checksum: 17b8747a175290a13c4123b1e9dd91a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este estudo foi construído a partir de reflexões e proposições das Novas Tendências em Pedagogia do Esporte aplicada nas Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas. Teve como principal objetivo identificar, investigar e discutir a relevância da utilização de procedimentos pedagógicos no processo de iniciação ao basquetebol. Tais reflexões discutiram um conjunto de procedimentos pedagógicos, previamente selecionados pelos pesquisadores, que contemplam a iniciação esportiva numa perspectiva sócio-educativa. Inicialmente apresentamos os procedimentos selecionados. Num segundo momento, (a) investigamos se professores de Educação Física que atuam com iniciação esportiva na modalidade basquetebol, em ambientes de educação não formal, consideram os procedimentos selecionados como relevantes no processo pedagógico de suas aulas, (b) identificamos se os procedimentos pedagógicos são freqüentemente utilizados pelos mesmos e (c) identificamos possíveis motivos que têm levado, ou não, os professores a aplicarem os procedimentos pedagógicos apresentados. Para tanto, observamos 15 aulas de basquetebol para crianças na faixa etária de 7 a 13 anos de idade, ministradas por 5 professores de Educação Física (3 aulas de cada professor). Na metodologia da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, utilizamos como técnica de coleta de dados a observação não-participante e a entrevista semi-estruturada; para a interpretação dos dados, aplicou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Constatamos que muitos dos procedimentos selecionados são considerados relevantes pelos professores, contudo, não são aplicados. Diversas razões foram mencionadas para justificar tal constatação. Foi possível concluir que nas aulas observadas predomina uma Pedagogia Tradicional de ensino do basquetebol e que a compreensão e aplicação dos procedimentos pedagógicos apresentados podem contribuir para a modificação deste quadro. / Abstract: This study was organized based on new trends for Sports Pedagogy applied to Team Sports. Our main goal was to identify, investigate and discuss the relevance of utilizing pedagogical procedures during the Basketball initiation process. Our reflection discussed a group of procedures, previously selected by the researchers, that take into consideration sports initiation through a socio-educational perspective. First, we presented the selected procedures. Later, we a) verified if Physical Education teachers, who coach basketball for beginners in non formal educational environment, consider the selected procedures relevant as pedagogical procedures for their classes, b) identified if they are frequently used by them, c) identified reasons why the teachers apply, or not, the discussed procedures. In order to do so, we observed fifteen basketball classes taught for children between 7 and 13 years old by 5 different coaches (3 classes of each). As methodological procedure, we utilized two main quantitative techniques: non participant observation and semi-structured interview; the results were interpreted according to the content analysis technique. We found out that most of the procedures discussed are considered relevant by the teachers, however, not really put into practice. The teachers gave different reasons for such finding. It was possible to conclude that the traditional pedagogy is the most utilized among basketball coaches and that comprehension and application of the pedagogical procedures discussed might contribute for changing this status. / Mestrado / Ciencias do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-05T11:43:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojoseferreirajunior.pdf: 530442 bytes, checksum: 383c11e46d5d70e83ab4f172aa5d0e81 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-06T14:19:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojoseferreirajunior.pdf: 530442 bytes, checksum: 383c11e46d5d70e83ab4f172aa5d0e81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-06T14:19:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antoniojoseferreirajunior.pdf: 530442 bytes, checksum: 383c11e46d5d70e83ab4f172aa5d0e81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O futsal é um esporte intermitente com muitas substituições e pausas durante a partida, o que possibilita a recuperação de variáveis fisiológicas durante esses momentos, proporcionando ao jogador, assim, disputar a partida em alta intensidade. O processo de recuperação pós-exercício é mediado por uma complexidade de fenômenos fisiológicos. Devido à diversidade de fenômenos fisiológicos envolvidos na recuperação autonômica cardíaca, tais como, catecolaminas, concentração de lactato, pH, amônia, temperatura, volume plasmático, etc., esse parâmetro tem sido utilizado como um indicador de recuperação no âmbito desportivo. Sabe-se que fatores como aptidão aeróbia e treinamento influenciam na recuperação autonômica cardíaca. Na presente dissertação, focou-se no estudo da recuperação autonômica cardíaca de jogadores de futsal. No primeiro estudo, investigou-se a influência do lastro do treinamento de futsal na recuperação da modulação autonômica cardíaca. Participaram deste estudo jogadores de futsal e indivíduos ativos com praticamente o mesmo nível de aptidão física dos atletas, com VO2máx de 49,4 ± 3,4 e de 50,1 ± 5,8 ml.kg.min-1, respetivamente. Avaliou-se a recuperação da modulação autonômica cardíaca nos cinco primeiros minutos de recuperação com a utilização do índice RMSSD30s normalizado, índice relacionado à atividade vagal. Observou-se que os jogadores de futsal apresentaram recuperação da modulação autonômica maior do que os indivíduos ativos a partir dos 90 s de recuperação (LnRMSSD30s 0,84 ± 0,43 e 0,64 ± 0,17 ms respectivamente). Neste estudo se observou, também, que os jogadores de futsal apresentaram reativação vagal, enquanto os indivíduos ativos apresentaram supressão vagal durante todos os cinco minutos da recuperação. Conclui-se que o treinamento do futsal, devido à dinâmica do jogo, aprimora a recuperação da modulação autonômica cardíaca. No segundo estudo, investigamos se o treinamento específico de curta duração, a pré-temporada, seria capaz de influenciar a recuperação autonômica cardíaca de jogadores de futsal. Foram avaliados nove jogadores de futsal, antes e após a prétemporadade quatro semanas. Neste estudo, avaliamos a recuperação do tônus vagal, identificada pela frequência cardíaca de recuperação (FCrec) e da modulaçãoautonômica cardíaca, identificada pela recuperação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (recVFC).A FCrec foi avaliada através dos valores absolutos de cada 30 segundos, enquanto que a recVFC foi avaliada pelo índice LnRMSSD2-5min. Observou-se que, após a pré-temporada, os atletas diminuíram a FCmáx em 7 bpm, diferença que foi percebida em quase todos os cinco minutos da recuperação. Além disso, a recVFC melhorou após a prétemporada o LnRMSSD2-5min no início da pré-temporada era de 1,00 ± 0,45 ms e passou para 1,29 ± 0,63 ms ao final da pré-temporada. Concluiu-se que a pré-temporada de treinamento específico e de curta duração em jogadores de futsal melhorou a recuperação autonômica cardíaca. / Indoor soccer is an intermittent sport with many pauses and substitutions during the match, which allows the recovery of physiological parameters during these moments, providing the player, to play at high intensity. The recovery process after the exercise is mediated by complex physiological phenomena. Due to the diversity of physiological phenomena involved in the recovery cardiac autonomic such as catecholamines, lactate concentration, pH, ammonia, temperature, plasma volume, etc. This parameter has been used as an indicator of recovery in sports. It is known that factors such as aerobic fitness and training influence the cardiac autonomic recovery. This dissertation focused on the study of cardiac autonomic recovery of indoor soccer players. In the first study, we investigated the influence of the coverage indoor soccer training on the recovery of cardiac autonomic modulation. Participated for the study indoor soccer players and active individuals with similar fitness level of athletes with VO2max of 49.4 ± 3.4 and 50.1 ± 5.8 ml.kg.min-1, respectively. We evaluated the recovery of cardiac autonomic modulation in the first five minutes of recovery using the index RMSSD30s normalized index related to vagal activity. It was observed that the soccer players showed recovery of autonomic modulation greater than active individuals from the 90 s recovery (LnRMSSD30s 0.84 ± 0.43 and 0.64 ± 0.17 ms respectively). In this study it was also noted that the soccer players showed vagal reactivation, as the active subjects had vagal suppression during all five minutes of recovery. We conclude that the training of indoor soccer, due to the dynamics of the game, improves recovery of cardiac autonomic modulation. In the second study, we investigated whether the specific training of short duration, the preseason, could influence the recovery of cardiac autonomic of futsal players. We evaluated nine players of indoor soccer, before and after the preseason of four weeks. In this study, we evaluated the recovery of vagal tone, identified by recovery heart rate (HRrec) and cardiac autonomic modulation, identified by the recovery of heart rate variability (recHRV). The HRrec was evaluated by the absolute values of every 30 seconds, while recHRV was evaluated by the index LnRMSSD2-5min. It was observed that after the preseason, athletes decreased in HRmax 7 bpm, difference has been seen in almost all five minutes of recovery. Moreover, recHRV improved after the preseason LnRMSSD2-5min early preseason was 1.00 ± 0.45 ms and increased to 1.29 ± 0.63 ms at the end of the preseason. It was concluded that specific and short-period preseason training in indoor soccer players improved cardiac autonomic recovery.

Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morato_MarcioPereira_D.pdf: 10577041 bytes, checksum: c674d5489bfbce4d64e8509cf88f9681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo interpretar os padrões e possíveis irregularidades no jogo de goalball, sinalizando diferenças no rendimento competitivo das equipes. Utilizamos a análise de jogo por meio de categorias descritoras dos princípios ofensivos (controle da bola, preparação do ataque e efetivação do arremesso) e defensivos (balanço defensivo, leitura da trajetória e interceptação do arremesso) do ciclo auto-organizacional dos sistemas-equipe. Foram registradas 3125 sequências de jogo, pela observação dos vídeos de dez partidas masculinas e dez femininas dos Jogos Paralímpicos de Pequim 2008. O instrumento ad hoc utilizado foi elaborado, testado e validado, segundo critérios de fidedignidade e objetividade, com recurso ao CEO e índice Kappa de Cohen. A análise de dados comportou a estatística descritiva e a estatística inferencial por meio do Coeficiente de Dispersão (CoDi), para analisar se existia diferença significativa entre variáveis e grupos de rendimento. Os resultados decorrentes da amostra estudada, evidenciaram a prevalência do sistema defensivo sobre o ofensivo, sendo ainda mais marcante no feminino, com apenas 2,8% de chances de marcar gol, contra 5,2% no masculino. No pênalti essas chances aumentam para 56% no masculino e 54% no feminino. No feminino as melhores equipes cometeram menos pênalti e converteram mais gols de jogo e de pênalti. No masculino o pênalti não influenciou o resultado das partidas, mas as equipes medalhistas aproveitaram melhor suas cobranças. O esquema tático mais utilizado no masculino foi o triângulo avançado e no feminino o básico. O central foi o mais exigido defensivamente nos triângulos e menos na escada. No ataque os alas atuam mais nos triângulos e na escada ocorreu uma divisão igualitária. As situações que mais precederam os arremessos foram a defesa e o bloqueio fora. Mas foi mais proveitoso atacar após tempo técnico e bola fora no masculino; defesa de pênalti e infração no feminino. Pedir tempo antes das cobranças de penalidade não foi interessante. O ataque regular foi o mais verificado, mas a flutuação no feminino e o quiet please no masculino foram as estratégias mais eficazes. Nas penalidades a jogada ensaiada foi melhor. O giro no masculino e o frontal no feminino foram as técnicas mais utilizadas. O frontal foi o mais eficaz nos pênaltis do masculino e o entre pernas no feminino. A bola com efeito foi a menos utilizada e mais eficaz no feminino. No masculino somente nas penalidades a bola lisa foi melhor. A reação coerente, o segmento corporal central e a defesa sem rebote foram as estratégias defensivas prevalecentes e auspiciosas, explicando a soberania defensiva. Não entrar em contato com a bola e ocasionar rebote para trás diminuíram a eficácia defensiva, assim como a defesa com o braço no feminino. As origens laterais e os setores centrais foram os de maior incidência. Os homens aproveitaram melhor o pênalti arremessando do centro e as mulheres da direita. O melhor trajeto de bola no masculino foi o1-d5 e no feminino o3-d6. Nos pênaltis o3-d6 no masculino e o6-d5 no feminino / Abstract: The objective of this study was to interpret the standards and possible irregularities in the goalball game, pointing out differences in the teams competitive performance. We used the match analysis through descriptive categories of the offensive principles (ball control, attack preparation and throwing effectiveness) and defensive principles (defensive balance, trajectory reading and throwing interception) of team-systems self-organizing cycle. We registered 3125 game sequences, by observing the videos of ten male and ten female matches in the Beijing Paralympic Games 2008. The ad hoc instrument was elaborated, tested and validated, according to the fidedignity and objectivity criteria, using as well CEO and Cohen's Kappa. The data analysis included the descriptive statistic and the inferential statistic through the Dispersion Coefficient (codi) to analyze if there was significant difference between the variables and the performance groups. The results revealed from the studied sample, enlighten the prevalence of the defensive systems over the offensive ones, this is even more accentuated in the female teams, with only 2,8% chances of scoring, against 5,2% chances for the male teams. In penalty shots these chances increase for 56% in male and 54% in female. For the female, the best teams made fewer penalties and scored more during the game and in penalty shots. For male teams the penalty shot did not influence the match final results, but the medalist teams had a better use of their shots. The most used tactical schemas in male teams was the offensive triangle, while in female it was the basic triangle. The central was the most demanded player in triangle system, and the less demanded in the stairs system. In offense the wings work more in the triangle systems and for the stairs there was a balanced division. The situations that most preceded the throwings were the defense and block out. However it was more profitable to attack after the time outs and block outs in male; penalty defense and infractions in female teams. Call a time out before the penalty shots, was not interesting. The regular attack was the most frequent, but the flotation in female teams and the quiet please in male, were the most effective strategies. In penalty situations the combined plays were more profitable. The spin throwing in male teams and the frontal in female were the most used techniques. The frontal was the most effective throwing in penalty situations in male, while in female it was the one between legs. The effect ball was the less used in female and the most effective, nevertheless. In male only in penalty shots the flat ball was better. The coherent reaction, the central body segment and the shots with no rebounds were the prevalent and best defensive strategies, what explains the defensive supremacy. Not touching the ball and provoking the backward rebound diminished the defensive efficacy as well as the arm defense in female teams. The side origins and the central sectors were the ones with higher frequency. The man benefited in penalty situations throwing from the center, and women from the right wing. The best ball trajectory in male teams was o1-d5 and in female teams o3-d6. In penalty shots o3-d6 in male and o6-d5 in female / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Doutor em Educação Física

Forskning tyder på att lagidrotten kan utgöra en hälsofrämjande arena som uppfyller en viktig samhällsfunktion. Trots detta väljer många att lämna idrottsrörelsen i ung ålder medan elitlagidrottare utgör en grupp som valt att fortsätta satsningen vidare. Syftet med studien var att undersöka elitidrottares upplevelse av lagidrottens hälsofrämjande egenskaper och vilka faktorer som bidrar med motivation till fortsatt idrottande. Metoden var av kvalitativ karaktär och datainsamlingen bestod av intervjuer i fokusgrupp. Tjugo deltagare rekryterades från fyra olika idrottsföreningar och idrottsgrenar. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys där fyra underkategorier “Någonting större”, “Kropp och knopp”, “Professionella förutsättningar” och “Spelets drivkraft” skapade huvudtemat “Elitlagidrott- att tillsammans drivas av något hälsofrämjande”. Resultatet visar att elitlagidrotten kan bidra med hälsofrämjande egenskaper som också tillsammans med föreningens arbete och tävlingsmomenten skapar förutsättningar för motivation till fortsatt idrottande. Slutsatsen är att de hälsofrämjande egenskaperna inom elitlagidrott kan utgöra någonting större än bara idrott och främjar både psykisk och fysisk hälsa som tillsammans med idrottsföreningens arbete samt tävlingsmomentet utgör motivationsfaktorer till det fortsatta idrottandet. / Research suggests that team sports can constitute an arena for health promotion and encompass an important societal function. Despite this, many choose to leave the team sport context at a young age, whereas elite athletes form a group that has chosen to continue participating. The purpose of this study was to investigate elite athletes’ experiences of the team sport’s health promotion characteristics and which factors can contribute to the motivation to continue with sports participation. The research method was of a qualitative nature and the data collection consisted of interviews with focus groups. Twenty participants were recruited from four different sporting clubs, each in a different field of sport respectively. The data was analyzed using a manifest content analysis method, where four categories - “Something bigger’’, “Body and mind’’, “Professional conditions’’ and “The motivation of the game” - created the main theme “Elite team sport - to be driven together by something health promotive’’. The result shows that elite team sports can contribute with health promotive qualities, that together with the work of the sports clubs and the element of competition creates motivation for continuing sports participation. The conclusion is that health promotive qualities in elite team sports can constitute something bigger than just the sport itself and promote both mental and physical health. This effect, together with assistance from the sports club, as well as the element of the competition, constitute motivational factors for continued sports participation.

In recent years, many sectors such as insurance, banking, retail, etc. have adopted Big Data architectures to boost their business activities. Such tools not only suppose a greater profit for thesecompanies but also allow them to gain a better understanding of their customers and their needs.These techniques are rapidly being adopted, this also being the case of sports and team sportsfor tasks such as injury prediction and prevention, performance improvement, or fan engagement.The aim of this project is to analyze the implications of data-driven decisions focusing on theiractual and future use in sports. Finally, a player scouting and team tailoring application would bedesigned and deployed to help the technical staff decision-making process which will also supposea budget optimization. For doing so, “Python” programming language and “Rapidminer” will beused, implementing “fuzzy logic” techniques for player scouting and “knapsack problem” algorithms for budget optimization plus an additional price prediction algorithm. The outcome wouldbe the application which given certain player needs (e.g., a midfielder with a high pass accuracyand a high ball recovery and a goalkeeper with a big number of saves and many minutes played)and the available budget will suggest the best possible combination of players given the availablebudget and the algorithm capable of predicting prices. This project also intends to study how thisapplication could be deployed in a real case situation by estimating the work team and budget todo so.

Syftet med undersökningen var att undersöka skillnader i elitidrottssatsande gymnasieungdomars attributionsstil vid motgång jämfört med framgång. I studien undersöktes skillnader mellan individuella- jämfört med lagidrotter samt skillnader mellan kvinnor och män. Totalt deltog 209 idrottare (76 kvinnor och 133 män), varav 85 individuella idrottare och 124 lagidrottare. Metoden bestod av en digital enkät uppbyggd på två situationer; en period av motgång och en period av framgång. För de båda situationerna mättes intern attribution, stabil attribution och upplevd påverkansgrad. Resultatet visade signifikanta skillnader mellan situationerna, där orsaksförklaringen vid framgång i högre grad beskrevs bero på utövaren själv (intern attribution) än vid motgång. Även graden av stabil attribution var högre vid framgång, alltså att orsaksförklaringen ansågs komma att bestå framöver. Vidare visade resultatet att män i högre utsträckning gör interna attributioner än vad kvinnor gör. Och slutligen påvisades att individuella idrottare i högre utsträckning använde sig av interna attributioner jämfört med lagidrottare och även att individuella idrottare upplever en högre grad av påverkan. / The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the attribution style of high school youth participating in elite sports in the event of adversity compared to success. The study examined differences between individual versus team sports as well as differences between women and men. A total of 209 athletes participated (76 women and 133 men), of which 85 were individual athletes and 124 were team athletes. The method consisted of a digital survey built on two situations; a period of adversity and a period of success. For both situations, internal attribution, stable attribution and perceived degree of influence were measured. The result showed significant differences between the situations, where the causal explanation in the case of success was described to a greater degree as being due to the practitioner himself (internal attribution) than in the case of failure. The degree of stable attribution was also higher in the case of success, meaning that the causal explanation was considered to persist in the future. Furthermore, the results showed that men more often use internal attributions, than woman do. And finally, it was shown that individual athletes used internal attributions to a greater extent compared to team athletes and also that individual athletes experience a higher degree of influence the situation.