Aspects such as the growing importance of teamwork and the emergence of new organizational schemes based on information and communication technologies highlight the need for understanding the mechanisms that promote effective leadership. In this sense, this paper analyzes the determinants of perceived risk and trust on a team leader. The research consists of two experiments. The first analyzes the influence of working environment—virtual or traditional—on the two dependent variables considered. The second experiment focuses on the virtual environment and analyzes the importance of the inclusion of a photo on the electronic leader’s profile in order to generate trust. Moreover, it analyzes the impact of perceived leader traits (attractive or expert) on the ability to build trust and the perception of risk. It shouldbe noted that these analyzes are contextualized in the initial stage of team development, poorly studied in the literature. Among others, the results reveal the greater difficulty of building trust in virtual environments, as well as the relevance of including graphical information on the profile and that the leader with expert traits has the greatest potential to buildtrust. These results have interesting managerial implications, which are discussed along with the main future research lines and limitations. / Aspectos como la creciente importancia del trabajo en equipo y la aparición de nuevos esquemas organizativos basados en las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de comprender los mecanismos que favorecen un liderazgo eficaz. En este sentido, el presente artículo analiza los determinantes del riesgo percibido y de la confianza hacía el líder de un equipo de trabajo. La investigación consta de dos experimentos. En el primero, se analiza la influencia del entorno de trabajo —virtual o tradicional— sobre las dos variables dependientes consideradas. El segundo experimento centra la atención en el entorno virtual, y analiza la importancia de incluir una imagen del líder en su perfil electrónico de cara a generar confianza. Asimismo, se analiza la incidencia de los rasgos percibidos en el líder (atractivo o experto) sobre la capacidad para generar confianza entre sus subordinados y su percepciónde riesgo. Cabe precisar que estos análisis quedan contextualizados en la etapa inicial de desarrollo del equipo, escasamente estudiada en la literatura previa. Entre otros, los resultados constatan la mayor dificultad de generar confianza en entornos virtuales, así como la importancia de presentar información gráfica en el perfil y que es el líder con rasgos de experto el que mayor capacidad de generar confianza posee. Estos resultados tienen interesantes implicaciones para la gestión, que son discutidas junto con las principales líneas de investigación futuras y limitaciones.

Bakgrund: Ronden är en central punkt gällande planering och utvärdering av patientens vård. Sjukvårdspersonalen ansvarar för att personcentrera omvårdnaden där patienten sätts i fokus, och där vården byggs på respekt för patientens självbestämmande och integritet. Den traditionella ronden utförs i större del utan patientens närvaro. Bedside-rond (BR) syftar till att alla inblandade professioner rondar tillsammans med patienten vid patientens sängkant eller i ett avskilt rum för att göra patienten delaktig i sin egen vård.   Syfte: Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva om BR bidrar till personcentrerad vård, delaktighet och förbättrat teamarbete, ur patienten och sjukvårdspersonalens perspektiv.   Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på tio vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Databaser som användes i studien var PubMed, CINAHL och SveMed+. Resultatanalysen gjordes utifrån Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys.   Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie indikerar på att patienten och sjukvårdspersonalen upplever en ökad delaktighet genom BR. Sjukvårdspersonal upplever förbättring i utfallet av vården eftersom hela sjukvårdsteamet får en helhetsbild av patienten. Flera studier styrker att samarbetet i teamet förbättrades, och att BR bidrog till en ökad förståelse för varandras yrkesroller. Oenigheter rörande rondens mål framkom, men även avsaknad av en tydlig struktur försvårade genomförandet. Kommunikationen förbättrades enligt flertal studier, vilket framförallt berodde på den direkta kommunikationen mellan berörda teamdeltagare.   Slutsats: BR skulle kunna införas som arbetsmodell istället för den traditionella ronden. Patienten blir mer delaktig i sin vård och samarbetet förbättras genom en effektivare kommunikation. Resultatet visar att patientens delaktighet ökar men för att kunna säkerhetsställa evidensen att patienten upplever att BR bidrar till en personcentrerad vård, behövs ännu mer forskning ur ett patientperspektiv. / Background: The round is a central part regarding planning and evaluating the patients’ health. Healthcare professional are responsible for the person-centered healthcare where the patient is the center of attention, and where the healthcare is based on the patient’s integrity and autonomy. The traditional round is carried out mainly without the patient’s presence. Bedside-round (BR) aims at all professions involved with the patient at the patient’s bedside or in a separate room to make the patient involved in his or her own care.   Aim: The purpose of the literature study was to describe whether BR contributes to person-centered care, participation and improved teamwork, from the patients’ and the healthcare professionals’ perspective.   Method: A literature study based on 10 scientific original articles. Databases used in the study were PubMed, CINAHL and SveMed +. The results analysis was based on Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) qualitative analysis method.   Results: The result of this study indicates that the patient and healthcare professionals experience increased participation through bedside-round. Healthcare professionals experience improvement in the outcome of care as the entire healthcare team gets an overall picture of the patient. Several studies confirm that team collaboration improved, and bedside-round contributed to an increased understanding of each other's professional roles. Disagreements concerning the goal of the round came true, but lack of a clear structure also complicated implementation. Communication improved according to several studies, mainly due to the direct communication between relevant team participants.   Conclusion: BR could be introduced as a working model instead of the traditional round. The patients becomes more involved in their care and the collaboration is improved through more effective communication. The result shows that the patient's participation increases but in order to ensure the evidence that the patient experiences that BR contributes to a person-centered care, even more research is needed from a patient perspective.

O tema desta dissertação é o trabalho em equipes com autonomia no Brasil. Percebe-se um ressurgimento do interesse pelo assunto a partir da década de 1990, no país e no exterior, movimento acompanhado pela produção científica nacional, em caráter qualitativo. Esta pesquisa adota uma abordagem quantitativa, do tipo survey, aplicada a uma amostra não-aleatória, intersetorial, de 49 empresas que reconhecem adotar o conceito de trabalho em equipes com autonomia. A partir da revisão da literatura foram desenvolvidas algumas questões de pesquisa e hipóteses, as quais estruturaram o questionário da pesquisa. Utilizando um instrumento já testado em estudos de caso, o questionário tem a capacidade de medir a abrangência e profundidade da autonomia das equipes, bem como: resultados obtidos, caracterização das empresas respondentes, iniciativa para adotar o conceito de autonomia e outras condições de contorno. O questionário foi concebido para ser enviado tanto pelo correio como por meio eletrônico e preenchido sem a presença do pesquisador. A partir da avaliação dos dados coletados, com auxílio de estatística descritiva e testes estatísticos indutivos, percebe-se equipes com grande autonomia, como no modelo Sociotécnico. A condição predominante, no entanto, é a transferência parcial de prerrogativas e responsabilidades às equipes, como no modelo Toyotista/Ohnoísta. Algumas evidências objetivas confirmam elementos da teoria, como a correlação positiva entre o grau de autonomia das equipes e resultados associados à capacidade superior de aprendizado e resposta a variações no ambiente. Informações relevantes sobre as características da amostra foram reveladas: a predominância de empresas de manufatura em grande escala, a significativa presença de empresas de capital nacional, a pequena participação do sindicato nos processos de implementação de equipes com autonomia, o crescente interesse pelo conceito, com demonstrado pelo perfil de \"idade\" dos projetos. As informações obtidas por meio desta pesquisa, bem como a experiência metodológica, podem servir de subsídio para futuros trabalhos sobre o tema, ou mesmo para outros temas, mas em pesquisas que utilizem o survey como método. / The subject of this dissertation is teamwork in Brazil. There has been a growing interest for the issue since the 1990 decade, in this country and abroad, followed by the national scientific production, of qualitative approach. This research project assumes survey-based approach, applied to a non-random, inter-sectorial sample, composed of 49 firms that recognize to adopt the concept oh teamwork. Some research questions and hypotesis were proposed, based on the literature review, as structure to the questionnaire. Making use of an instrument that was already tested by former case study, the questionnaire has the capacity to measure the deepness and the span of teams\' autonomy , as well as: results achieved, characteristics of the firms in the sample, initiative for the introduction of teamwork, and other surrounding conditions. The questionnaire was designed to be sent either by mail or by e-mail, and filled in the absence of the researcher. From the data evaluation, using descriptive statistics and also inductive statistics tests, are found some cases of teams with high degree of autonomy, in the fashion of Sociotechnical systems. The prevailing condition, nevertheless, is the partial transference of power and responsibilities to the work teams, like in the Toyota Production System. Some evidence were found that confirm theoretic elements, like the positive correlation between the degree of autonomy of work teams and specific results associated to the superior ability of learning and answering to variations of process or business conditions. Relevant information regarding the characteristics of the sample were also shown: the prevalence of large scale manufacturing companies, the significant incidence of national capital firms, the timid role that unions play on the introduction of teamwork, and the growing interest for the concept, as demonstrates the \"age\" profile of the teamwork initiatives. The information obtained by this research project, as well as the methodological experience, may serve as foundation to future projects regarding the subject \"teamwork\", or even to others that aim to use the survey approach.

Frente a um mundo globalizado e em profundas transformações, as organizações estão se adaptando a novas situações que exigem velocidade e agilidade, sendo que o trabalho em equipe é uma das principais configurações funcionais que permitem tal adaptação. Diante deste contexto, a educação deve preparar-se para atender tal exigência, privilegiando o trabalho em equipe. Assim, este trabalho propõe a utilização de técnicas de aprendizagem cooperativa em sala de aula como ferramentas educacionais que atendem tais exigências. / Facing up to globalization and a deeply changing world, the organizations have to quickly adapt to new situations in which speed and agility are absolutely necessary, and teamwork is one of the structural configurations that permits this. Due to these changes, the educational field must prepare itself for this new scenario and has to emphasize teamwork in the classroom. This study proposes the Cooperative Learning techniques as important educational tools to be used to prepare the student to his future professional life.

O presente trabalho objetiva identificar e analisar as dimensões de excelência logística, desenvolvidas como forma de se obter vantagens competitivas, buscando analisar a influência do trabalho organizado em equipes na excelência logística de uma organização do mercado de Gás Liquefeito de Petróleo. O trabalho foi realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas excelência logística nas organizações e trabalho organizado em equipes. Como metodologia foi proposto um construto teórico de excelência logística e trabalho em equipe, realizado através de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os temas, com a apresentação de um estudo de caso em uma empresa líder do mercado em que atua, de forma a ilustrar a aplicação dos conceitos propostos. Como resultado, o trabalho conclui que a organização do trabalho em equipes se mostra grande apoiadora das práticas de excelência logística nessa organização, integrando e possibilitando o desenvolvimento das diferentes dimensões de excelência logística. / This paper aims to identify and analyze the dimensions of logistics excellence, developed as a way to gain competitive advantage, seeking to analyze the influence of teamwork in the logistics excellence of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas organization. The study was conducted through a literature review on the issues logistics excellence in organizations and teamwork. The methodology has been proposed a theoretical construct of logistics excellence and teamwork, accomplished through a literature review on the issues, with the presentation of a case study in a leading company in the market it operates, in order to illustrate the application of concepts proposed. As a result, the paper concludes that the organization of teamwork is a strong supporter of logistics best practices in this organization, integrating and enabling the development of the different dimensions of logistics excellence.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-31T18:23:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese de Doutorado - Tatiana Bittencourt - versão final - deposito_v02.pdf: 2896668 bytes, checksum: b3a142650c927dbc26ff7a1d21a0600d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T18:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese de Doutorado - Tatiana Bittencourt - versão final - deposito_v02.pdf: 2896668 bytes, checksum: b3a142650c927dbc26ff7a1d21a0600d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Contexto: A engenharia de software é uma disciplina de natureza sócio técnica baseada na forte interação entre fatores pessoais, sociais e técnicos. Conceitualmente, os aspectos sociais da engenharia de software incluem formas de interação, comportamentos e organização das pessoas, visto que a ampla maioria dos sistemas de software são desenvolvidos em equipe. Dentre os possíveis preditores do desempenho de equipes, um dos fatores mais estudados em diversas áreas do conhecimento é a coesão de equipe. Na área de engenharia de software a pesquisa sobre coesão ainda é pontual e inconclusiva. Objetivo: Construir uma teoria substantiva fundamentada nos dados que explique o fenômeno da coesão dentro de equipes de engenharia de software. Para isso, respondemos à Questão Central de Pesquisa: “Como se caracteriza a coesão dentro das equipes de engenharia de software?”. Método: Para responder à pergunta de pesquisa adotamos a Teoria Fundamentada como método de coleta e análise dos dados. Este método tem como objetivo através de dados coletados, reunidos e analisados sistematicamente derivar uma teoria baseada neles. A coleta de dados e a análise foram realizadas de forma intercalada. Alguns cuidados foram tomados para garantir a confiabilidade da pesquisa: triangulação dos dados através de múltiplas fontes de evidências (entrevistas, observação, questionário); redação de memorandos e adoção do diário de campo. Resultados: A coesão das equipes de software irá influenciar a capacidade da equipe de software em manter seu equilíbrio interno, através de processos autorregulatórios e do relacionamento interpessoal entre seus integrantes. O constructo é resultado da combinação de dois fatores: (1) sentimento dos integrantes em se sentirem parte do todo; (2) atuação conjunta da equipe ao se comportar de forma coordenada e integrada. A teoria propõe a existência de cinco tipos principais de coesão dentro das equipes de software que variam de acordo com as dimensões sociais e profissionais: coesão integral, coesão social, coesão profissional, coesão artificial e incoesão. Por fim, a teoria identifica cinco resultados da coesão na equipe, entre eles: manutenção do equilíbrio; capacidade de adaptação e efetividade. Em paralelo, a coesão se reflete no individuo de seis formas, destacando, aderência aos processos; permanência na equipe e tolerância a períodos de turbulência. Conclusão: A teoria construída sobre coesão em equipes de engenharia de software será útil na gestão da dinâmica das equipes de engenharia de software, oferecendo parâmetros para diagnosticar a situação das equipes e oferecendo estratégias de como influenciar a coesão e seus impactos. / Context: Software engineering is a discipline of technical and social nature, based on strong interaction between individual, social, and technical factors. Conceptually, the social aspects of software engineering include the way people interact, behave, and organize, because the vast majority of software systems are developed in team. Among the possible predictors of team performance, one of the most studied factors in various areas of knowledge, is team cohesion. Nevertheless, researches on cohesion in software engineering is still inconclusive. Objective: The main goal of this thesis is to build a substantive theory that explains the phenomenon of cohesion within software engineering teams. We answer the Central Research Question: "What are the characteristics of cohesion within software engineering teams?” Method: We adopt the Grounded Theory as method of data collection and analysis to answer the research question. This method aims at collecting, summarizing and analyzing field data to derive a theory based on them. Data collection and analysis were performed interchangeably. Carefully designed process was followed to ensure the reliability of the research: triangulation of data through multiple sources of evidence (interviews, observation, questionnaire), and writing memos and field diary. Results: Cohesion of software teams will influence the software team's ability to maintain its internal balance through self-regulatory processes and interpersonal relationships among its members. The construct is the result of the combination of two factors: (1) feeling of members to feel part of the whole; (2) joint efforts of the team members to behave in a coordinated and integrated manner. The theory proposes five main types of cohesion within software teams that vary according to the social and professional dimensions: full cohesion, social cohesion, professional cohesion, artificial cohesion and lack of cohesion. Finally, the theory identifies five results of cohesion in the team, including: maintaining balance; adaptability and effectiveness. In parallel, the cohesion is reflected in the individual of six ways, highlighting: adherence to processes; stay on the team and turbulence tolerance. Conclusion: The theory built on cohesion in software engineering teams will be useful in managing the dynamics of software engineering teams, providing parameters to diagnose the situation of teams and offering strategies to influence cohesion and its impacts.

Introdução: Nas organizações de saúde, a Prática Interprofissional Colaborativa (PIC) e Clima do Trabalho em Equipe (CTE) são essenciais para promoção do cuidado integrado e melhoria na qualidade da assistência em saúde. Entretanto, a implementação da PIC tem se mostrado um desafio, com lacuna de conhecimentos relacionados a sua operacionalização no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Assim como a PIC, o CTE preocupa-se com aspectos relacionais e organizacionais do trabalho interprofissional. Poucas investigações têm explorado a relação entre PIC e CTE. Este estudo considera as implicações do CTE para a PIC, destaca as ligações teóricas e empíricas entre os dois, e sugere como o CTE pode ter um papel na compreensão e operacionalização da PIC. Objetivo geral: Analisar a PIC em equipes de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) com diferentes perfis de CTE. Método: estudo de método misto sequencial explanatório (quantitativo-qualitativo) realizado em 18 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), em município da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Na fase 1 (quantitativa), o CTE foi avaliado com a aplicação da Escala de Clima do Trabalho em equipe (ECTE) em 18 equipes da ESF (N=144). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, análise de agrupamentos (método Ward) e análise bivariada (t student). Na fase 2 (qualitativa), realizou-se estudo de caso múltiplo com entrevistas em profundidade com membros das equipes (N=24) que apresentaram escores contrastantes na ECTE. Na coleta e análise dos achados qualitativos foram utilizadas técnicas da teoria fundamentada em dados. Os resultados das fases 1 e 2 foram integrados. Resultados: Na fase 1 foram identificados dois agrupamentos de equipes: (A) com maiores e (B) de menores escores na ECTE. As diferenças entre os grupos foram estatisticamente significativas em todos os fatores da escala: participação na equipe (p<0,001), apoio para ideias novas (p=0,002), objetivos da equipe (p=0,001) e orientação para as tarefas (p=0,015). Achados da fase 2 corroboram os achados da fase 1, sendo as equipes do agrupamento A aquelas que apresentaram características relacionais e processuais mais favoráveis ao CTE e também à PIC. A análise interpretativa permitiu a identificação de duas modalidades contingenciais e dinâmicas de colaboração: 1) colaboração em equipe e 2) colaboração intersetorial, em rede e com a comunidade. Em torno das modalidades identificadas foi proposto um modelo da PIC. O modelo descreve as condições em que a PIC ocorre, as formas como se apresenta e suas consequências na organização da assistência à saúde. Conclusões: A análise do CTE mostrou-se capaz de prover insights sobre a PIC nas equipes. O modelo proposto apresenta conhecimentos que contribuem para compreensão e operacionalização da PIC. Os resultados sugerem que embora o clima de equipe tenha um papel importante na construção da colaboração, a compreensão da PIC no âmbito do SUS requer a consideração de elementos pertinentes à inovação no trabalho interprofissional e da própria forma de organização da APS e das Redes de Atenção à Saúde. / Background: In health care organizations, Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (ICP) and Team Climate (TC) are essential means to promote integrated care and improve health care quality. However, implementing ICP presents a series of challenges, and there is a lack of knowledge of how to operationalize this approach within the Brazilian Health Care System (SUS). Like Interprofessional Collaborative Practice, Team Climate is concerned with the effectiveness of relational and organisational aspects of interprofessional work. Few studies have explored the relationship between these two concepts or the role that Team Climate might play in establishing the operational conditions needed for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice. This study considers the implications of Team Climate for Interprofessional Practice, highlights the theoretical and empirical links between the two, and suggests how Team Climate may have a role in understanding and operationalising Interprofessional Collaborative Practice more effectively. Aim: To analyse ICP in Primary Health Care (PHC) teams with different TC. Methods: This is a mixed methods sequential explanatory study (quantitative-qualitative) conducted with 18 primary care teams from the Family Health Strategy (FHS), in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. In Stage 1 (quantitative), Team Climate was assessed using the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) in all 18 teams (144 participants in total). Data from the TCI were analysed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis (Wards method) and bivariate analysis (Student t). In Stage 2, which used a multiple qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with members (N=24) from teams with contrasting scores on the TCI. Grounded theory techniques were employed to analyse the qualitative data. Findings from both stages of the research were then compared and considered together. Results: Two different clusters of teams were identified in Stage 1: (A) teams with the highest mean scores; and (B), teams with the lowest mean scores on the TCI. Differences between cluster A and B were statistically significant for all TCI factors: participative safety (p <0.001), support for new ideas (p = 0.002), team goals (p = 0.001) and task orientation (p=0.015). Findings from Stage 2 reinforced quantitative findings from Stage 1. Teams from cluster A demonstrated more positive relational and processual characteristics to support TC and ICP. Interpretative analysis revealed two dynamic and contingent modalities of collaboration: 1) team collaboration; and 2) collaboration between different health and social sectors, within a healthcare network, and with the community. A framework for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in primary health care was developed, based on these modalities of collaboration, and describing the conditions, modalities and health care consequences of ICP. Conclusions: Analysis of Team Climate provided insights into ICP in healthcare teams. The proposed framework provides fresh insights into the understanding and operationalization of ICP, and suggests that although Team Climate is important in establishing collaboration, the understanding of ICP within SUS also requires consideration of a range of other factors, including innovation in interprofessional work and the organizational structure of PHC and Health Care Networks.

This paper proposes a holistic approach to designing for the promotion of team and social competences in blended learning courses. Planning and modelling cooperative learning scenarios based on a domain specific modelling notation in the style of UML activity diagrams, and comparing evaluation results with planned outcomes allows for iterative optimization of a course's design. In a case study - a course on project management for computer science students - the instructional design including individual and cooperative learning situations was modelled. Specific emphasis was put on visualising the hypothesised development of team competences in the course design models. These models were subsequently compared to evaluation results obtained during the course. The results show that visual modelling of planned competence promotion enables more focused design, implementation and evaluation of collaborative learning scenarios.

Traditional economic theory assumes that individuals are self-interested. They only care about their own well-being and disregard the impact of their actions on the others. However, the assumption of selfish individuals is unable to explain a number of important phenomena and puzzles. Individuals frequently engage in actions that are costly to themselves with no<p>apparent reward. Behavioural economics provides plausible explanations for these actions.<p>Individuals can be “boundedly rational" (Simon, 1955, and Kahneman et al. 1982) and/or can be driven by altruistic, equity and reciprocity considerations (see for an overview Fehr<p>and Schmidt, 2006). Over the past decade, researchers have applied behavioural economics<p>models to the study of organisations and how contracts should be designed in the presence<p>of non-standard preferences and asymmetric information or incomplete contracts (see for<p>an overview of the literature Köszegi, 2014).<p>In my current research, I try to be at the forefront of these new behavioural economics<p>applications into traditional industrial organisation and contract theory themes. The usual prescriptions of standard models can be misleading if potential differences in the agents' preferences are overlooked. Behavioural economics can make great progress if it takes into proper accountmarket and organisational features. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Process mining aims at discovering processes by extracting knowledge about their different perspectives from event logs. The resource perspective (or organisational perspective) deals, among others, with the assignment of resources to process activities. Mining in relation to this perspective aims to extract rules on resource assignments for the process activities. Prior research in this area is limited by the assumption that only one resource is responsible for each process activity, and hence, collaborative activities are disregarded. In this paper, we leverage this assumption by developing a process mining approach that is able to discover team compositions for collaborative process activities from event logs. We evaluate our novel mining approach in terms of computational performance and practical applicability.