A evolução do portfolio de serviços das operadoras em direção a ofertas convergentes que combinam serviços de voz, dados e vídeo é uma tendência do setor de telecomunicações. É neste contexto que o conceito de Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) ganha um papel relevante, pois permite às operadoras oferecerem serviços de vídeo utilizando como base uma infra-estrutura de rede convergente baseada em Internet Protocol (IP). Entretanto, existem diversos desafios relacionados à introdução de serviços IPTV. A nova realidade que inclui os serviços de vídeo apresenta um patamar de complexidade superior ao dos serviços já conhecidos. No que diz respeito à tecnologia, existem questões que permeiam desde a adaptação da infra-estrutura de rede e sistemas existentes até a implantação de plataformas de vídeo, até então não usuais no ambiente das operadoras. Neste cenário de complexidade, a metodologia de análise técnico-econômica proposta neste trabalho se torna útil para suportar a tomada de decisão relacionada à introdução de serviços IPTV. A metodologia proposta visa gerar subsídios para a identificação das condições em que se verifica a viabilidade econômica do serviço tendo em vista aspectos relacionados ao próprio serviço e a arquitetura tecnológica que o suporta. Para isto, a metodologia abrange as seguintes atividades: definição do serviço; mapeamento de seus requisitos; análise da arquitetura tecnológica existente; delineamento e dimensionamento da arquitetura tecnológica que suportará os novos serviços; modelagem econômica; análise de sensibilidade e cenários; e, por fim, análise dos resultados. Além da proposição da metodologia de análise, este trabalho inclui a aplicação da metodologia proposta em um caso de referência representativo da realidade de uma operadora de telecomunicações. / The evolution towards integrated service offerings that combine voice, video and data is a key trend for telecommunications service providers. IP-based technology plays an important role on this scenario by enabling the delivery of video over a multiservice IP network, a service commonly known as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). There are many challenges to a large scale roll out of IPTV services, though. When compared to traditional voice and data services, video services introduce a higher level of complexity to the service providers\' environment. The technology issues related to IPTV range from the upgrade of the existing networks and systems to the deployment of new technology platforms oriented to video services delivery, which are not common in a service provider\'s technology architecture. Within this context, the techno-economic analysis methodology presented in this work aims to support the decision process underlying the IPTV services launch by a telecommunications service provider. The proposed methodology leads to the identification of economic feasibility conditions associated to relevant services aspects and required technology infrastructure alternatives. The methodology encompasses the main following activities: services definition; services\' requirements identification; analysis of the existing technology architecture; design and dimensioning of the new technology infrastructure that will support the services; economic analysis; sensitivity and scenario analysis. Besides the methodology proposition, this work includes a case study illustrating its application to a fictional service provider.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à l'intégration sur Si de cellules solaires III-V à simple et double jonction par épitaxie en phase vapeur aux organo-métalliques (MOVPE). Les dispositifs photovoltaïques ont été réalisés avec des matériaux accordés sur InP. L'objectif était d'abord d'obtenir des dispositifs performants sur des substrats InP, puis de les intégrer sur une structure avec un paramètre de maille différent, en évaluant les effets sur les performances photovoltaïques. Ceci a nécessité la réalisation et l'optimisation de plusieurs étapes de fabrication.Tout d'abord, nous avons réalisé une cellule InP à simple jonction, qui peut correspondre à la cellule top dans notre structure tandem. Cela était également nécessaire pour mettre en place un processus de fabrication pour toutes les cellules suivantes. Les conditions de croissance ont été optimisées en profitant des techniques de caractérisation des matériaux telles que la XRD, l’analyse C-V et le SIMS. En optimisant les épaisseurs et les niveaux de dopage des différentes couches du dispositif, ainsi que le procédé en salle blanche, nous avons obtenu une efficacité de conversion de 12.9%, avec un FF de 84.3%. Nous avons démontré que l'utilisation d'une couche fenêtre en AlInAs au lieu de l’InP peut augmenter l'efficacité à 13.5%, malgré une légère réduction du FF (81.4%). La même procédure a ensuite été étendue à la réalisation d'une cellule solaire InGaAs comme cellule bottom du dispositif tandem. Nous avons obtenu un rendement de 11.4% et un FF de 74.5%.En parallèle, des jonctions tunnels capables de relier électriquement les deux sous-cellules dans un dispositif tandem ont été étudiées. En particulier, nous avons concentré notre attention sur les conditions de croissance de l'anode de la jonction, qui a été fabriquée en AlInAs et dopée avec le précurseur CBr4. Les réactions chimiques d’un tel précurseur avec le précurseur de l’Al et l’In nécessitaient une importante réduction de la température de croissance à 540 °C. En déterminant les effets des flux sur la composition et les niveaux de dopage du composé, nous avons obtenu un dopage élevé de +4x1019 cm-3. En obtenant un niveau équivalent pour la cathode InP:S, nous avons réalisé un dispositif présentant un Jp de 1570 A/cm2, capable de fonctionner dans des conditions de concentration solaire élevée. En combinant finalement les trois dispositifs présentés dans une cellule tandem, nous avons pu obtenir un rendement global de conversion de 18.3%, avec un FF de 83.9%.Un template approprié pour l'intégration III-V/Si a été déterminé en testant plusieurs possibilités fournies par différents partenaires. Les caractérisations XRD et AFM ont démontré qu'un template InP/GaP/Si fourni par la société NAsP était la meilleure option. Ceci a été confirmé par la croissance d'une cellule InP à simple jonction sur le template. La techno sur un substrat Si a été rendu possible en déplaçant le contact arrière de la cellule sur la face avant du dispositif, ce qui a nécessité la mise au point d'un ensemble approprié de masques photolithographiques. La réussite de l’intégration des cellules solaires III-V sur Si a été confirmée par le photocourant produit. Celui-ci correspond à environ 60% de la valeur obtenue sur les substrats InP. De plus, les caractéristiques J-V mesurées donnent une tendance de type diode, démontrant la validité de l'approche proposée. / This thesis focuses on III-V/Si integration of single- and dual-junction solar cells by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE). The photovoltaic devices were made with materials lattice matched to InP. The goal was to firstly obtain efficient devices on InP substrates and then to integrate them on a structure with a different lattice parameter, by evaluating the effects on the photovoltaic performances. This required the realization and the optimization of several manufacturing steps.Firstly, we realized an InP single junction device, which may correspond to the top cell of our tandem structure. This was also necessary to set up a manufacturing process for all the next cells. The growth conditions were optimized by taking advantage of material characterization techniques such as XRD, C-V profiling and SIMS. By optimizing thicknesses and doping levels of the various layers of the device, as well as the clean room process, we obtained a conversion efficiency of 12.9%, with a FF of 84.3%. We demonstrated that the use of an AlInAs window layer instead of InP may increase the efficiency to 13.5%, despite a slight reduction in FF (81.4%). The same procedure was then extended to the realization of an InGaAs solar cell as the bottom component of the tandem device. We obtained an efficiency of 11.4% and a FF of 74.5%.In parallel, tunnel junctions able to electrically connect the two subcells in a tandem device were studied. In particular, we focused our attention on the growth conditions of the junction anode, which was made in AlInAs and doped with CBr4 precursor. The particular chemical interactions that such a precursor has with Al precursor and In required a relevant reduction of growth temperature to 540 °C. By determining the effects of the flows on composition and doping levels of the compound, we obtained a high doping of +4x1019 cm-3. By obtaining an equivalent level for the InP:S cathode, we realized a device presenting a Jp of 1570 A/cm2, able to work under high solar concentration conditions. By finally combining the three presented devices in a tandem cell, we could obtain an overall conversion efficiency of 18.3%, with a FF of 83.9%.A proper template for III-V/Si integration was determined by testing several possibilities provided by different partners. XRD and AFM characterizations demonstrated that an InP/GaP/Si template provided by NAsP Company was the best option. This was confirmed by the growth of an InP single junction cell over the template. The processing over a Si substrate was made possible by shifting the rear contact of the cell on the front side of the device, which required the development of a proper set of photolithographic masks. The successful integration of the III-V solar cells on Si was confirmed by the relevant produced photocurrent. This corresponds to around 60% of the value obtained on InP substrates. Furthermore, the measured J-V characteristics show a diode-like trend, which demonstrates the validity of the proposed approach.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-30T13:11:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Fernando Del Rio Horn_.pdf: 4264890 bytes, checksum: 459bafe06edccce44985568ac7a7d5d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T13:11:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Fernando Del Rio Horn_.pdf: 4264890 bytes, checksum: 459bafe06edccce44985568ac7a7d5d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Nenhuma / A presente tese examinou as mudanças de ordem qualitativa na prática de consumo decorrente das recentes ondas tecnológicas, as quais gradativamente vêm comprometendo as liberdades do consumidor com acessos eletrônicos invasivos e invisíveis aos dados da pessoa singular, reveladores das predileções de compra, da determinação de correlações, das probabilidades e das edições de perfil. Na perspectiva dessa nova condição de sujeição do consumidor, elencou-se o seguinte problema: Considerando-se a dinâmica tecno-humanista na contemporaneidade, como promover, via administração pública, um elevado nível de proteção ao consumidor no Brasil, de modo a garantir as liberdades da pessoa a partir de dois direitos autônomos e interligados, então transcritos nos direitos da privacidade e da proteção de dados? Para tanto, adotou-se o método monográfico, cuja estratégia metodológica se embasa na hermenêutica filosófica e na fenomenologia hermenêutica, pautadas pelo proceder transdisciplinar para a composição da macrodisciplina de orientação dedutiva. Para assegurar fundamentação ao questionamento, elegeram-se as seguintes hipóteses: uma primeira, atrelada à revisão original da dimensão temporal da existência humana para declarar a contemporaneidade dentro da percepção dinâmica tecno-humanista transcrita na dualidade de forças entre o tecno (aparatos tecnológicos associados à racionalidade instrumental) e a ética social dos Direitos Humanos hodiernos; e outra, focada nos fundamentos da proteção digital do consumidor, a prever os direitos da privacidade e da proteção de dados como autônomos, ambos sobrelevados nas suas dimensões objetivas, de direito público administrativo e regidos pela tutela positiva, interligados pelo interesse comum de ampliação da proteção ao consumidor e da garantia das liberdades da pessoa. Contribuições teóricas e aplicadas inéditas, confirmadas no decorrer da pesquisa e culminadas na criação de um conjunto de ações de natureza administrativa para a proteção do consumidor, aplicáveis à rede estatal de Procons e extensivo a todo o SNDC, comportando o comércio eletrônico, o technical consumer products e o regime das comunicações não solicitadas - áreas de fronteiras ainda pendentes de absorção pelo Direito com vistas ao aumento do nível proteção do consumidor. / In the present thesis the qualitative changes in the consumption practice due to the recent technological waves have been verified, which are gradually compromising the freedoms of the consumer when of the electronic accesses invasive and invisible to the data of the singular person, revealing the predilections of purchase, determination of correlations, probabilities, and profile edits. Based on this new condition of subjection of the consumer, the following problem was mentioned: Considering the techno-humanist dynamics in contemporary times, how to promote, through public administration, a high level of consumer protection in Brazil, in order to guarantee the liberties of the person from two autonomous and interconnected rights, then transcribed in the rights of privacy and data protection? For that, the monographic method was adopted, having as methodological strategy the philosophical hermeneutics and the hermeneutic phenomenology guided by the transdiciplinary procedure for the composition of the macrodiscipline of deductive orientation. In order to ensure a foundation for questioning, the following hypotheses were raised: a first linked to the original revision of the temporal dimension of human existence to declare contemporaneity within a dynamic techno-humanist perception, transcribed in the duality of forces between techno (the technological apparatuses associated with instrumental rationality) and the social ethic of modern human rights. Another focused on the fundamentals of digital consumer protection, to predict the rights of privacy and data protection as autonomous, both raised in their objective dimensions, public administrative law and governed by positive tutelage, interconnected by the common interest of obtaining a greater consumer protection and guarantee of the freedoms of the person. Unpublished theoretical and applied contributions, confirmed during the course of the research and culminated in the creation of a set of actions of an administrative nature for the protection of the consumer, applicable to the Procons state network and extended to all SNDC, including electronic commerce, technical consumer products and the regime of unsolicited communications - border areas still pending absorption by law in order to increase the level of consumer protection.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-15T14:09:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoSilveiradeMenezes.pdf: 1532094 bytes, checksum: 1cd2b06be50f680d7868d0eea155a7ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T14:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoSilveiradeMenezes.pdf: 1532094 bytes, checksum: 1cd2b06be50f680d7868d0eea155a7ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-01 / Nenhuma / Tomando como referência a Economia Política da Comunicação e utilizando-se do materialismo histórico-dialético como instrumento de reflexão teórico-prático, a presente pesquisa analisa de que forma a comunicação alternativa pode contribuir para a construção de espaços democráticos, com atuação de atores sociais contra-hegemônicos. Nessa direção, procura-se, com este estudo, não apenas acompanhar, mas, acima de tudo, questionar o papel da atuação sindical no campo da comunicação. Não no sentido de contrapô-la, mas retomando a sua trajetória e, desta forma, aproximando-a das experiências audiovisuais contemporâneas. Deste modo, antes de abordar propriamente o espaço de disputa do alternativo, em meio à operacionalização da mídia sindical, é traçado o panorama histórico da televisão brasileira, atualizando o processo de apropriação dos recursos de áudio e vídeo pelos operários metalúrgicos do ABC. Ao observar as especificidades do padrão tecno-estético alternativo percebe-se que, embora ainda de forma muito incipiente, a contra-hegemonia manifesta-se no bojo produtivo da TV dos Trabalhadores (TVT), sobretudo se comparada ao restante das configurações estético-produtivas provenientes desta emissora. Os processos midiáticos decorrentes de tal prática operacional estão inseridos no contexto das mídias digitais, cuja alteração nas relações de produção afeta diretamente o conjunto das relações sociais e, conseqüentemente, o resultado final dos conteúdos. Evidencia-se, portanto, a dificuldade de ruptura com o modelo hegemônico, mesmo em um canal de televisão mantido por uma organização sindical com passado marcante no período de redemocratização do Brasil. / Taking as a reference to Political Economy of the Communication and using the historical materialism-dialectic as an instrument of reflection theoretical-practical, this research analyzes how the alternative communication can contribute to building democratic spaces with performance of actors counter-hegemonic. In this direction, we try to, with this study, not only follow but, above all, questioning the role of union activity in the field of communication. Not in the sense to oppose it, but resuming its trajectory and, thus bringing it closer to the audiovisual contemporary experience. In this way, before to approach exactly the area of dispute of the alternative communication, , is traced the historical background of brazilian television, updating the process of ownership of the resources of audio and video by the workers of the metallurgical ABC. Looking at the specifics of the alternative techno-aesthetic standard we can perceive that, even incipiently, the counter-hegemony manifests in the TV programming Workers (TVT). Especially, compared with the rest of the aesthetic and productive settings this television channel. The media processes resulting from the practice operating the television channel of the metallurgical is placed in the context of digital media, where changes in production relations directly affect the set of social relations and, consequently, outcome of the content. It is evident, therefore, the difficulty in breaking with the hegemonic model, even in a television channel maintained for one labor union with remarkable past during the re-democratization of Brazil.

A questão principal que a presente tese procura investigar é se os corações artificiais produzem instabilidades ontológicas em termos do que é humano e não-humano. A atenção dada às práticas experimentais laboratoriais, clínicas e cirúrgicas permite iluminar os arranjos heterogêneos por meio dos quais tais dispositivos médicos emergem. Nas três etapas de pesquisa testes in vitro, testes in vivo e avaliação em humanos foi possível observar uma modulação entre a boa participação e um envolvimento não produtivo que deve ser evitado para o sucesso das intervenções. As relações instituídas nas práticas médico-científicas evidenciam a participação como um dado fundamental para a produção das tecnologias cardíacas, assim como a imaginação que diz respeito não apenas à idealização, mas também aos processos criativos emergidos na concretização/realização de procedimentos laboratoriais e clínicos, sendo, portanto, corporificada. O primeiro capítulo trata dos testes in vitro e tem como foco a problematização do eixo natureza e cultura. O segundo capítulo parte dos testes in vivo para problematizar as relações entre animais humanos e não-humanos. E por fim, o terceiro capítulo tem como foco a avaliação em humanos, problematizando as fronteiras entre a vida e a morte. Trata-se de uma divisão temática esquemática, embora a permuta ontológica entre natureza e cultura, humanos e não-humanos e vida e morte percorra todo o trabalho. Diante do alto índice de mortes associadas à insuficiência cardíaca, os corações artificiais são projetados como alternativas ou soluções auxiliares ao transplante de órgãos para pacientes que se tornam refratários aos tratamentos medicamentosos. Além de produzirem novos corpos e corporalidades, os corações artificiais trazem novos dilemas e recursos para a gestão da vida, podendo operar como uma pedagogia e preparação para a morte, na medida em que a suspende/prorroga, porém mantendo-a próxima. / The main question that the present thesis seeks to investigate is whether artificial hearts produce ontological instabilities in terms of what is human and non-human. The attention given to experimental laboratory, clinical and surgical practices allows to illuminate the heterogeneous arrangements through which such medical devices emerge. In the three stages of the research in vitro tests, in vivo tests and evaluation in humans it was possible to observe a modulation between good participation and an unproductive involvement that should be avoided for the success of the interventions. The relationships established in the medical-scientific practices show participation as a fundamental fact for the production of cardiac technologies, as well as the imagination - which concerns not only to idealization, but also to creative processes emerge in the accomplishment of laboratory and clinical procedures, being, therefore, embodied. The first chapter deals with in vitro tests and focuses on the problematization of nature and culture. The second chapter address the in vivo tests to problematize the relations between human and non-human animals. Lastly, the third chapter focuses on human clinical assessment, problematizing the boundaries between life and death. It is a schematic thematic division, although the ontological exchange between nature and culture, human and nonhuman, and life and death runs through the work. In face of high death rate associated with heart failure, artificial hearts are designed as alternatives or auxiliary solution to organ transplantation for patients who become refractory to drug treatments. In addition to producing new bodies and embodiments, artificial hearts bring new dilemmas and resources for the management of life, and can operate as a pedagogy and preparation for death, inasmuch as the devices suspend/extend the death, keeping it close.

Este trabalho aborda a política científica e tecnológica brasileira no período do regime militar (1964-1985). As questões às quais ele se refere dizem respeito às idéias e aos interesses de alguns dos seus atores fundamentais: os militares, a comunidade científica e os técnicos responsáveis pela condução da área econômica dos governos. Esses atores, com interesses e idéias distintas e muitas vezes conflituosas acerca dos rumos do desenvolvimento, embora buscassem objetivos diferentes construíram uma trajetória única com projetos ambiciosos para organizar internamente uma rede de instituições que visassem a produção e a aquisição de ciência e tecnologia de ponta. Antes de econômicas, as decisões acerca das políticas de ciência e tecnologia possuíram uma natureza fundamentalmente política e privilegiaram os interesses dos governos e das elites que os sustentaram. Para o Estado, o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico nem sempre foi um propósito em si; às vezes foi parte de um intento, às vezes um meio para alcançar determinados objetivos. Como meio, essas políticas podiam ser dispensáveis quando se acreditava que era possível ou desejável se chegar aos mesmos resultados percorrendo caminhos mais curtos e menos tortuosos. Seja como meios ou como fins, só é possível entender as políticas do setor quando se tem um horizonte amplo, capaz de deixar perceber quais são os objetivos finais e como eles são perseguidos; para compreender melhor essas relações, dois aspectos são fundamentais: a) as idéias que conduziram à formação, estruturação, organização e atuação do sistema nacional de ciência e tecnologia e dos rumos do desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico no Brasil e, b) os interesses e objetivos que os principais atores possuíam e como esses são, ou não, levados a cabo dentro da estrutura burocrática, e nas ações dos governos, de acordo com as limitações impostas pelos contextos políticos e econômicos internos e externos. / The present thesis approaches the science and technology Brazilian politicses during the period of the military regime (1964-1985). Their main matters tell respect to the ideas and to the interests of some of your central personages: the militaries, the scientific community and the technocrats responsible for the administration of the Government economic sector of that period. Such personages, with interests and distinct thoughts - and many times locking conflicts concerning about of the bearings of the national development, although they sought different goals, they built a single trajectory with ambitious projects to foment internally a joint of institutions with sights to the production and to the acquisition of a science and an advanced technology. Before being economics, the decisions concerning the science and technology policies had a political fundamentally profile and privileged governments\' interests and of the elites that sustained them. For the State, the scientific and technological development not always it was a purpose only; sometimes was a goal, and in at other times was a form of if reach specific goals. Thought as a way, these political can be dispensable from the moment in which it is possible or desirable to reach the same results traversing smaller and less problematic paths. Like means or as ends, only is possible to comprehend the policies of the sector at issue when there is a wide horizon in which is possible to realize whats are the goals and how they are demanded. To comprehend better these relations, two aspects are important: a) the thoughts that led to the formation, structuring and performance of the science and technology national system, as well as of the bearings of the scientific and technological development in Brazil and, b) the interests and objectives that the main personages detained, how were - or were not - carried of radical way inside the bureaucratic structure and in the governments\' lawsuits according to the limitations imposed by the political and economic contexts, both internal and external.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0, desde uma perspectivas evolucionária, e dos seus impactos nas empresas em nível global. Desta forma, para poder entender o seu nascimento, essência e importância econômica para as empresas, se tomou como base teórica o conceito evolucionário de revoluções tecnológicas e paradigmas tecno-econômicos, o qual serviu como modelo para interpretar a atual revolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) e seu conseqüente paradigma tecnoeconômico, e na qual se constatou que este grupo de tecnologias surgiu no período de tempo atual de dito paradigma conhecido como “intervalo de reacomodação” (turning point). Por outro lado, se ressaltou que uma das principais características no processo de difusão de cada paradigma tecno-econômico é o seu impacto na organização das empresas. Desta forma, a teoria evolucionária se apresentou como a abordagem adequada para entender tanto o caráter da empresa atual, entendida esta em termos do conjunto de suas rotinas (conhecimentos e habilidades), quanto as suas principais inovações organizacionais como respostas aos desafios apresentados pela própria difusão do paradigma tecno-econômico atual das TIC, na qual o acumulo permanente de novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é, de rotinas dinâmicas se tornam variáveis chaves para o próprio processo permanente de inovação, vital para as empresas. Diante da crescente utilização das tecnologias de aplicativos da Web 2.0 entre as empresas a nível mundial como meios potenciais para atingir esses objetivos, o presente trabalho analisou o seu potencial para gerar de forma mais fluida novos conhecimentos e informações, isto é rotinas dinâmicas, tanto dentro da organização das empresas como na interação com os seus consumidores, refletindo-se, assim, no aumento de inovações permanentes de novos produtos e serviços. / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the technologies of Web 2.0 applications, from an evolutionary perspective, and its impacts on businesses globally. Thus, in order to understand its birth, nature and economic importance for companies, it was taken as theoretical basis the evolutionary concept of technological revolutions and technoeconomic paradigms, which served as a model to interpret the current revolution in information and communication technologies (ICT) and its consequent techno-economic paradigm, in which it was found that this group of technologies originated in the current time of said paradigm known as turning point. On the other hand, it was emphasized that a key feature in the process of diffusion of each techno-economic paradigm is its impact on business organization. Thus, evolutionary theory appeared as the appropriate approach to understand both the character of the current company, which is understood in terms of its set of routines (knowledge and skills), as its main organizational innovations as answers to the challenges presented by the own diffusion of the current ICT techno-economic paradigm, in which the continuous accumulation of new knowledge and information, that is, dynamic routines, become key variables to the self process of continuous innovation, vital for companies. With the increasing use of Web 2.0 application technologies among the companies in the world as a potential means to achieve these goals, this study examined its potential to generate more fluidly new knowledge and information, that is dynamic routines, both within the business organizations and in their interaction with their consumers, which was reflected in the increase of permanent innovations of new products and services.

A evolução do portfolio de serviços das operadoras em direção a ofertas convergentes que combinam serviços de voz, dados e vídeo é uma tendência do setor de telecomunicações. É neste contexto que o conceito de Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) ganha um papel relevante, pois permite às operadoras oferecerem serviços de vídeo utilizando como base uma infra-estrutura de rede convergente baseada em Internet Protocol (IP). Entretanto, existem diversos desafios relacionados à introdução de serviços IPTV. A nova realidade que inclui os serviços de vídeo apresenta um patamar de complexidade superior ao dos serviços já conhecidos. No que diz respeito à tecnologia, existem questões que permeiam desde a adaptação da infra-estrutura de rede e sistemas existentes até a implantação de plataformas de vídeo, até então não usuais no ambiente das operadoras. Neste cenário de complexidade, a metodologia de análise técnico-econômica proposta neste trabalho se torna útil para suportar a tomada de decisão relacionada à introdução de serviços IPTV. A metodologia proposta visa gerar subsídios para a identificação das condições em que se verifica a viabilidade econômica do serviço tendo em vista aspectos relacionados ao próprio serviço e a arquitetura tecnológica que o suporta. Para isto, a metodologia abrange as seguintes atividades: definição do serviço; mapeamento de seus requisitos; análise da arquitetura tecnológica existente; delineamento e dimensionamento da arquitetura tecnológica que suportará os novos serviços; modelagem econômica; análise de sensibilidade e cenários; e, por fim, análise dos resultados. Além da proposição da metodologia de análise, este trabalho inclui a aplicação da metodologia proposta em um caso de referência representativo da realidade de uma operadora de telecomunicações. / The evolution towards integrated service offerings that combine voice, video and data is a key trend for telecommunications service providers. IP-based technology plays an important role on this scenario by enabling the delivery of video over a multiservice IP network, a service commonly known as Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). There are many challenges to a large scale roll out of IPTV services, though. When compared to traditional voice and data services, video services introduce a higher level of complexity to the service providers\' environment. The technology issues related to IPTV range from the upgrade of the existing networks and systems to the deployment of new technology platforms oriented to video services delivery, which are not common in a service provider\'s technology architecture. Within this context, the techno-economic analysis methodology presented in this work aims to support the decision process underlying the IPTV services launch by a telecommunications service provider. The proposed methodology leads to the identification of economic feasibility conditions associated to relevant services aspects and required technology infrastructure alternatives. The methodology encompasses the main following activities: services definition; services\' requirements identification; analysis of the existing technology architecture; design and dimensioning of the new technology infrastructure that will support the services; economic analysis; sensitivity and scenario analysis. Besides the methodology proposition, this work includes a case study illustrating its application to a fictional service provider.

La variabilité des ensembles lithiques demeure un sujet de recherche majeur en préhistoire. Aborder cette variabilité, puis l'interpréter, revient à discuter des dynamiques de formation des ensembles, dans leur composante quantitative et qualitative. L'individualisation des différents mécanismes impliqués contribue alors à caractériser le fonctionnement d'un site, i.e. les modalités techno-économiques de son occupation. Ces problématiques rejoignent ainsi celles des modes d'occupation des territoires des populations chasseurs-cueilleurs.<br />Le cadre chronologique envisagé est celui du Paléolithique moyen depuis les débuts du Pléistocène supérieur, le cadre géographique celui des marges du milieu alpin. Au sein de cette entité physique contrastée, deux secteurs distincts ont été privilégiés (région de la Vénétie, région liguro-provençale). Enfin, parallèlement à l'étude de gisements plus classiques ont également été pris en compte des sites à faible densité de vestiges lithiques, jusqu'alors peu considérés dans ces perspectives.<br />L'observation d'éléments habituellement discrets révèle une variabilité des normes techno-économiques qui n'avait jusqu'alors pas été mise en évidence (formes de mobilité des produits, modèle de fractionnement des chaînes opératoires, distances maximales de circulation). A propos des modes d'occupation des territoires, les formes de complémentarité suggérées entre les différents sites attestent indiscutablement l'existence d'organisations logiques et structurées. Les résultats de cette étude, portés par les choix méthodologiques, soulignent finalement l'importance de nos modalités d'observation, d'interprétation et de validation sur notre perception des vastes ensembles chrono-culturels en préhistoire.

<p>Information Technology (IT) plays a significant role in today business competition. A prominent role is that it helps a firm to manage relationships with customers effectively. Adoption of appropriate technology can lead the firm to greater business competency, improve its business performance, and ensure it retains its competitive advantages. While there is a rich body of literature on IT innovation adoption and implementation, research on the adoption of IT innovation that is specifically intended to perform relationship marketing functions is scant. The problem in this research is to address the lack of a research framework for examining the factors influencing the adoption of techno-relationship innovations. The existing adoption models are insufficient in properly explaining which factors are involved in the adoption decision and which factors are more important, and are especially insufficient with regard to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).</p><p>The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive research framework used for exploring the factors affecting the adoption of techno-relationship innovations and to apply this framework for empirically investigating the adoption of electronic Customer Relationship Management (eCRM) applications in manufacturing SMEs. This study proposes the term ‘techno-relationship innovation’ and defines it as a technology-related idea, process, method, product, or service that is intended to perform relationship marketing tasks and which is perceived as new to an individual or a firm. The developed research framework contains 20 potential determinant factors covering four contexts: individual, technological, organizational, and environmental.</p><p>This study was conducted through survey research and the sample was drawn by means of systematic sampling technique. The empirical data were collected by using self-administered questionnaires and the data analysis was based on 508 manufacturing SMEs in Thailand. The analysis was based on multivariate statistical techniques including t-test, factor analysis, deiscriminant analysis, and cluster analysis. The findings reveal interesting insights into understanding the adoption of eCRM applications by manufacturing SMEs.</p><p>The Key Influential Factors (KIF) model is proposed summarizing the conclusions of the study. It indicates what factors in what contexts should be given more or less attention. From 20 factors, the analysis indicates that 12 factors are important factors that should be given high priority. They are Compatibility, Industry Pressure, Customer Pressure, Subjective Norm, Attitude, External Support, Perceived Advantage, Observability, Perceived Relationship Marketing Functionality, Technological Expertise, Perceived Easiness, and Financial Resources. Five factors have the capability to discriminate between eCRM adopters and non-adopters but their discriminant powers are weak so they receive second priority. They are Competitive Pressure, Innovativeness, Business Experience, Governmental Encouragement, and Internet Experience. The other three factors appear insignificant but they should not be completely ignored when encouraging the adoption of eCRM applications. Thus, these three factors receive third priority. They are Size, Trialability, and Self-efficacy.</p><p>Furthermore, the eCRM adopters are classified into three groups: basic adopters, moderate adopters, and advanced adopters. The inference is that the basic eCRM adopters are uncertain whether eCRM applications are really needed for business success. In contrast, the moderate and advanced eCRM adopters require different attention which is related to maximizing the advantages of eCRM applications. This classification offers solid information for market segmentation purposes in the eCRM industry.</p><p>Study implications are acknowledged. A comprehensive research framework is proposed suggesting 20 potential determinant factors involved in examining the adoption of techno-relationship innovations. This research framework provides a tool to marketing researchers in conducting further research. Empirical investigation leads to the KIF model that offers guidance to government and private agencies in properly encouraging the adoption of eCRM applications and their relevant components among manufacturing SMEs. Moreover, the study’s limitations and suggestions for further research are provided.</p>