This thesis is focused on the topic of leasing especially from the legal point of view. The first part deals with history of leasing, definition of leasing, dividing of leasing according to different criterias and also with Czech leasing market. The following part is concerned with legal regulations of leasing (leasing contract) primarily in Czech, but also in European and international law and formulation of terms of the leasing contract as well. The final part contains the main objective of this thesis, which is analysis of the general commercial terms of the leasing contract and their comparison with legal regulations. In connection with this analysis, there are mentioned several suggestions and recommendations for improvement of the current situation.

O tema desta tese é a linguagem do Turismo, sob análise na sua condição de linguagem técnica, e o objeto de estudo é a terminologia de Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo. O turismo, como atividade humana que envolve dimensões política, econômica, social, cultural e ambiental, pode ser dividido em distintos subsistemas, de acordo com a Sistema de Turismo (Sistur), desenvolvido por Beni (1997). Entre esses, está o Subsistema de Produção, subdividido, por sua vez, em Agências de Viagens, Transportes, Meios de Hospedagem e Outros Serviços. Entre tais divisões, escolheu-se a primeira subárea, caracterizando-a pela atividade conhecida como Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo. Formaram-se três corpora: um de extração e dois de comparação, sendo o primeiro, composto por dicionários terminológicos, e o segundo, por dicionários de língua. Coletaram-se 2014 termos, os quais foram submetidos a uma posterior análise, baseada em critérios objetivos, como sinonímia e hiperonímia/hiponímia, de modo a reduzir os termos a 660, número que se mostrou adequado para a investigação que se pretendia conduzir. Esses 660 termos foram examinados à luz da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia, utilizando-se, para este fim, uma ficha baseada no modelo de Barbosa (2001). Em seguida, compilou-se um dicionário terminológico multilíngue, em português brasileiro, com os 660 termos selecionados e analisados, com seus respectivos equivalentes (equivalências totais ou parciais) nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e italiano. A última etapa da pesquisa consistiu na análise dos resultados. Logo após, verificou-se que os objetivos foram planemente alcançados, e quais hipóteses foram confirmadas. Esta investigação levou às seguintes constatações: transposições da língua comum; acentuada incidência de sinonímia e de hiperonímia/hiponímia; consistente infuência da língua inglesa - evidente em empréstimos e termos híbridos - pouca influência da língua espanhola, com casos isolados de adaptações linguísticas, e, ainda, ocorrências de siglas e acrônimos. Por fim, comprovou-se que a terminologia de Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo não responde a eventuais tentativas de normalização. / The theme of this thesis is the language of Tourism, in its analysis as a technical language, and the object of study is the terminology of Tour Operating. Tourism, as a human activity that involves political, economic, social, cultural and environmental fields, can be divided into different subsystems, according to the Tourism System (Sistur) developed by Beni (1997). Among these, there is the Production Subsystem, subdivided, in its turn, into Travel Agencies, Transportation, Lodging and Other Services. Among these divisions, the first one which is identified as the Tour Operating subarea, is the one from which the terms that have been collected and analyzed came. Aiming this goal, three corpora were formed: an extraction one and two comparison ones (the first comprises terminology dictionaries and the second common language dictionaries). Altogether, 2014 terms have beeen collected, which were subjected to further analysis, based on objective criteria, such as synonymy and hypernym/hyponymy, in order to reduce the terms to 660, a number that would be adequate for the analysis that it was intended to lead. The 660 terms were submitted to a terminological analysis in the light of Communicative Theory of Terminology, using, for this purpose, a terminological chart based on the model developed by Barbosa (2001). Then the multilingual terminological dictionary was compiled, with 660 terms in Brazilian Portuguese, selected and analyzed, with their equivalent (total or partial equivalence) in English, Spanish and Italian. The last stage of the research consisted in analyzing the results, whether the hypotheses were confirmed or not, and whether objectives have been achieved. This analysis led to the following findings: transpositions from common language; marked incidence of synonymy and hypernym/hyponymy; consistent infuence of English - evident in loans and hybrids terms - little influence of the Spanish language, with isolated cases of linguistic adaptations, and few occurrences of acronyms. Finally, it was shown that Tour Operating terminology has not responded to any attempts of standardization.

L’objectif principal de ce travail est de vérifier si le statut de la culture à la télévision nationale pourrait être un indicateur sur la mise en place d’un processus démocratique au Maroc. La réforme de l’audiovisuel constitue un prétexte pour observer la portée des discours réformistes, surtout quand ils sont annoncés par des régimes autoritaires. Comme nous voulons aborder un aspect spécifique d’une politique sectorielle, il serait utile de l’intégrer dans le climat global où elle évolue. En s’intéressant au passé colonial du pays, nous comprendrons les fondements du régime marocain ainsi que les relations qu’il entretient avec les différentes composantes du paysage politique.Les relations entre la monarchie et la religion, la politique et les médias, et le peuple marocain, contribueront à exposer la problématique du nouveau rôle que les réformes jouent dans la réaffirmation des régimes autoritaires. Les élections de 2011 ont permis l’accès des islamistes au gouvernement. L’élaboration des cahiers des charges de l’audiovisuel public par le ministère de tutelle provoquera un affrontement avec les vrais détenteurs de pouvoir sur ce domaine. Grâce aux conditions de la mise en application de ces textes, nous verrons comment les enjeux politiques influencent les décisions des différents acteurs, car nous souhaitons participer à poser un regard différent sur les démarches de modernisation d’un pays comme le Maroc. / This paper primarily seeks to verify whether the status of culture on Moroccan national television could be an indicator of the implementation of a democratic process in Morocco. Audiovisual reform is a pretext for observing the scope of reformist discourse, especially when such discourse is delivered by authoritarian regimes. As we intend to examine a specific aspect of policy in a given sector, it would be interesting to place it in the broader context in which it evolves. We shall take a close look at the country's colonial past to better understand the foundations of the Moroccan regime and the relations that it nurtures with the various stakeholders in the political landscape.We will use the relations between the monarchy and religion, politics and the media, and the Moroccan people to present the problematic of how authoritarian regimes now use reforms as a new way of reasserting their authority. The 2011 elections brought Islamists into the government. In the audiovisual sector, we can expect a confrontation between the true holders of power in this field and the ministry in charge of the sector when it comes to drafting the terms of reference for public radios and televisions. We shall examine how political stakes influence the decisions of the various professionals through the conditions for implementing these texts; for we wish to participate in viewing from a different angle, the modernization processes of a country such as Morocco.

The diploma thesis deals with e-shops and their websites. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the selected e-shops and their websites, activities of supervisory authorities in this area and creating suggestions for an improvement. The theoretical part explains basic terms connected to e-shops, history, legislation and supervisory authorities related to this area. In the practical part is conducted controlled in-depth interview with the employee of the Czech Trade Inspection. Moreover a questionnaire survey was carried out in order to examine the consumer's experiences with e-shops and their legal awareness. The thesis also contains evaluation of the selected e-shops and their websites and case study containing purchase from one selected e-shop. Based on the obtained information are suggested recommendation for the improvement.

A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

Le but de cette recherche était d'examiner la relation entre la déviance constructive (Galperin, 2012 ; Warren, 2003 ; Vadera, Pratt, & Mishra, 2013), la proactivité (Grant & Ashford, 2008 ; Parker & Collins, 2010) et leur rôle dans le processus de changement et d'innovation (CI) en contexte organisationnel (Potočnik & Anderson, 2016). Nous avons tout d'abord examiné la littérature portant sur la déviance et la proactivité. Nous avons ensuite concentré notre attention sur la création d'une échelle d'attitudes normatives et déviantes (NDAS) pour traiter l'aspect dynamique de la déviance. Ensuite, nous avons exploré la nature du construit de déviance et ainsi traité la relation aux CI. Nous avons proposé l'existence de deux facteurs d'ordre supérieur: le constructive dark side et constructive bright side. Ensuite, nous avons testé la relation entre ces facteurs et des conséquences communes (engagement affectif, bien-être, détresse et intention de départ). Nous avons recruté des travailleurs français par le biais de questionnaires pour tester nos hypothèses. Nous avons donc utilisé, créé ou traduit des échelles de mesures des comportements de déviance constructive (Galperin, 2012), d'innovation (Janseen, 2000), de prise en main (Morisson & Phelps, 1998) ou la NDAS... Nous avons également procédé, dans certains cas, à plusieurs recueils de données espacées dans le temps. Dans la plupart des cas, des analyses de modélisation d'équations structurelles ont été utilisées. Les résultats et les limites sont discutés dans chaque chapitre des articles. Ces résultats aident à clarifier le construit de déviance constructive et sa relation avec la proactivité dans la littérature de CI. / The aim of this research was to examine the relation between constructive deviance (Galperin, 2012; Warren, 2003; Vadera, Pratt, & Mishra, 2013), proactivity (Grant & Ashford, 2008; Parker & Collins, 2010) and their role in change and innovation (CI) processes in organizational context (Potočnik & Anderson, 2016). After we examined the deviance and proactive literature related to work and organizational psychology, we focused our attention on the creation of a normative and deviant attitudinal scale (NDAS) to deal with the dynamic aspect of deviance. Then, we explored the nomological network of deviance and treated its relationship with CI related-constructs. We, therefore, proposed the existence of two higher-order factors named constructive dark-side and constructive bright-side. Latterly, we tested for a second time the relation between these second-order factors and common outcomes (affective commitment, well-being, distress, and turnover intent). We used research by questionnaire to test our entire hypothesis on French workers. For this, we used, created and/or translated scales of constructive deviant behaviours (Galperin, 2012), NDAS, innovative work behaviour (Janseen, 2000) or taking charge (Morisson & Phelps, 1998)... We also proceeded, in some cases, with measurements at different times to provide better analysis. In most cases, structural equation modelling analyses were performed. Results and limitations are discussed in each article chapters (chapters 2, 3, & 4). These results help to clarify the nomological network of constructive deviance and its relationship with proactivity in the CI literature. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to follow this path and test it.

Este trabalho de dissertação tem como objetivo central a criação de um glossário bilíngue (português-inglês) de termos institucionais da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Sua construção é de extrema importância para a tradução dos materiais institucionais que apresentam a universidade e permite que ela se comunique com o mundo globalizado. Ressalta-se, ainda, o valor do trabalho para a construção da identidade universitária e de sua memória institucional, pois apresenta os termos correspondentes aos utilizados pela UERJ para denominar suas estruturas e cargos, compreendendo sua Administração Central e Unidades Acadêmicas e Administrativas, Para chegar ao glossário, dividimos nosso trabalho em capítulos. O primeiro trata do processo de globalização e seu impacto na universidade: a internacionalização. Utilizamos como exemplo do processo a internacionalização da UERJ não esquecendo de analisar a importância do uso da língua inglesa como língua franca e, consequentemente a relevância da tradução nesse contexto. No segundo capítulo, resumimos as teorias terminológicas, enfatizando a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia, de Maria Tereza Cabré e as características do bom glossário apontadas por Anna Julia Perrotti-Garcia, privilegiando o termo e seu contexto real de uso como ponto de partida. No terceiro capítulo, revelamos a macroestrura e a microestrutura do glossário, apresentado logo em seguida. O glossário reúne, então, cerca de setenta termos em língua portuguesa, com exemplos acompanhados dos termos em língua inglesa, com seus exemplos de uso real. Nas considerações finais, comentam-se os resultados da pesquisa, as adaptações necessárias e a contribuição do trabalho para a universidade e para a tradução e a terminologia. É um trabalho que pretende tratar da terminologia a serviço da tradução de textos institucionais, produzindo uma ferramenta importante para tal tarefa / This present work aims at building a bilingual glossary (Portuguese-English) of the institutional terms of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). This work is extremely important to the translation of institutional materials which present the university and allows it to communicate with a globalized world. We must add that this work should contribute to the building of the university identity and its institutional memory, as far as it presents the terms the university uses, on an everyday basis, to nominate its structures and positions, bringing together its central administration as well as administrative and academic units. In order to achieve the purpose of this work, that is, the glossary, we divided the dissertation in chapters. The first one deals with the process of globalization and it is impact on the university: internationalization. We refer to the internationalization process, using as an example the process at UERJ, not leaving behind the importance of the use of the English language as a lingua franca and, therefore, the relevance of translation in this context. In the second one, we sum up the terminology theories, emphasizing the Communicative Theory, by Maria Tereza Cabré and the characteristics of a good glossary pointed by Anna Julia Perrotti-Garcia, using the term and its real context of use as a starting point. The second chapter reveals the macro and microstructure of the glossary, presented afterwards. The glossary contains, then, about seventy terms in Portuguese with examples, followed by the terms in English, also followed by their real use examples. For final considerations, we discuss the results of the research, the necessary adaptations as well as the contribution of the work to the university, to translation and to terminology. It was a work worried about dealing with terminology serving the translation of institutional texts, when it produces such an important tool to that task

O tema desta tese é a linguagem do Turismo, sob análise na sua condição de linguagem técnica, e o objeto de estudo é a terminologia de Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo. O turismo, como atividade humana que envolve dimensões política, econômica, social, cultural e ambiental, pode ser dividido em distintos subsistemas, de acordo com a Sistema de Turismo (Sistur), desenvolvido por Beni (1997). Entre esses, está o Subsistema de Produção, subdividido, por sua vez, em Agências de Viagens, Transportes, Meios de Hospedagem e Outros Serviços. Entre tais divisões, escolheu-se a primeira subárea, caracterizando-a pela atividade conhecida como Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo. Formaram-se três corpora: um de extração e dois de comparação, sendo o primeiro, composto por dicionários terminológicos, e o segundo, por dicionários de língua. Coletaram-se 2014 termos, os quais foram submetidos a uma posterior análise, baseada em critérios objetivos, como sinonímia e hiperonímia/hiponímia, de modo a reduzir os termos a 660, número que se mostrou adequado para a investigação que se pretendia conduzir. Esses 660 termos foram examinados à luz da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia, utilizando-se, para este fim, uma ficha baseada no modelo de Barbosa (2001). Em seguida, compilou-se um dicionário terminológico multilíngue, em português brasileiro, com os 660 termos selecionados e analisados, com seus respectivos equivalentes (equivalências totais ou parciais) nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e italiano. A última etapa da pesquisa consistiu na análise dos resultados. Logo após, verificou-se que os objetivos foram planemente alcançados, e quais hipóteses foram confirmadas. Esta investigação levou às seguintes constatações: transposições da língua comum; acentuada incidência de sinonímia e de hiperonímia/hiponímia; consistente infuência da língua inglesa - evidente em empréstimos e termos híbridos - pouca influência da língua espanhola, com casos isolados de adaptações linguísticas, e, ainda, ocorrências de siglas e acrônimos. Por fim, comprovou-se que a terminologia de Agenciamento de Viagens e Turismo não responde a eventuais tentativas de normalização. / The theme of this thesis is the language of Tourism, in its analysis as a technical language, and the object of study is the terminology of Tour Operating. Tourism, as a human activity that involves political, economic, social, cultural and environmental fields, can be divided into different subsystems, according to the Tourism System (Sistur) developed by Beni (1997). Among these, there is the Production Subsystem, subdivided, in its turn, into Travel Agencies, Transportation, Lodging and Other Services. Among these divisions, the first one which is identified as the Tour Operating subarea, is the one from which the terms that have been collected and analyzed came. Aiming this goal, three corpora were formed: an extraction one and two comparison ones (the first comprises terminology dictionaries and the second common language dictionaries). Altogether, 2014 terms have beeen collected, which were subjected to further analysis, based on objective criteria, such as synonymy and hypernym/hyponymy, in order to reduce the terms to 660, a number that would be adequate for the analysis that it was intended to lead. The 660 terms were submitted to a terminological analysis in the light of Communicative Theory of Terminology, using, for this purpose, a terminological chart based on the model developed by Barbosa (2001). Then the multilingual terminological dictionary was compiled, with 660 terms in Brazilian Portuguese, selected and analyzed, with their equivalent (total or partial equivalence) in English, Spanish and Italian. The last stage of the research consisted in analyzing the results, whether the hypotheses were confirmed or not, and whether objectives have been achieved. This analysis led to the following findings: transpositions from common language; marked incidence of synonymy and hypernym/hyponymy; consistent infuence of English - evident in loans and hybrids terms - little influence of the Spanish language, with isolated cases of linguistic adaptations, and few occurrences of acronyms. Finally, it was shown that Tour Operating terminology has not responded to any attempts of standardization.

A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Augusto Nunes de Carvalho.pdf: 2238928 bytes, checksum: 6a09b9c79e15e324a3401a9c553a8560 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Augusto Nunes de Carvalho.pdf: 2238928 bytes, checksum: 6a09b9c79e15e324a3401a9c553a8560 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / The present text addresses the comprehension of legal rules with vague semantic content in the judicial decision as the motivation content of these decisions, through a review of the legal literature and the humanities. Thus, the work deals with procedural and theoretical aspects of the motivation of judicial decisions, a topic that gains prominence within the Constitutional rule of law and the theory of law, in order to generate controllability of court actions and legitimacy of jurisdiction. As a result, it provides a contribution to the understanding of the current meaning of the dimensions of motivation when these vague semantic terms are present, as well as a contribution to the understanding of the reasoning interaction with other legal aspects of the civil procedure and constitutional rights and guarantees / O presente texto aborda o preenchimento de normas jurídicas com conteúdo semântico vago na decisão judicial como conteúdo da fundamentação dessas decisões, através de uma revisão da literatura jurídica e das ciências humanas. Assim, o trabalho trata de aspectos processuais e teóricos da fundamentação das decisões judiciais, tema que ganha relevo dentro do Estado Constitucional e da teoria do direito, com vistas a gerar controlabilidade dos atos jurisdicionais e legitimidade do exercício da jurisdição. Como resultado, fornece-se uma contribuição para a reflexão do significado atual das dimensões da motivação quando presentes normas de conteúdo semântico vago e para compreensão da interação da fundamentação com outros aspectos jurídicos inerentes ao processo civil e aos direitos e garantias constitucionais