Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Resumo: A presente tese tem por objetivo compreender a trajetória de mobilidade espacial e social dos profissionais liberais nikkeis no município de Presidente Prudente/SP, por meio dos estratos ocupacionais centralizados nas especialidades de advocacia, de arquitetura, de engenharia civil, de medicina e de odontologia, vislumbrando uma dinâmica de mobilidade para o estudo pelo território e pela territorialidade, dentro de uma escala temporal entre as décadas de 1950-1980, sendo o sujeito da pesquisa o nikkei a partir da segunda (nissei) e da terceira (sansei) geração de descendentes de japoneses no Brasil. Para tanto, os aspectos teórico-metodológicos estão balizados pelos depoimentos orais dos 16 entrevistados nikkeis, que estão descritos e analisados pela literatura especializada da ciência geográfica, através dos conceitos de território de possibilidades e de mobilidade diferenciada. Nessa perspectiva, a mobilidade espacial e social dos profissionais liberais nikkeis tem na educação à motivação para os múltiplos deslocamentos, que perpassam por alguns municípios estratégicos (família, colônia, escola e pensão), no intuito de oferecer o ensino ao nissei e sansei, já que o município de origem nos idos de 1950/1960/1970 não possuía o curso ginasial e o colegial. E muito menos o cursinho preparatório para o vestibular que geralmente era localizado nos grandes centros urbanos (São Paulo/SP, Rio de Janeiro/RJ e Curitiba/PR). Coube aos isseis (1° geração) depois da II Guerra Mundial est... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to understand the spatial and social mobility trajectory of the nikkei liberal professionals in the municipality of Presidente Prudente/SP, through the occupational strata centralized in the specialties of advocacy, architecture, civil engineering, medicine and dentistry, (nissei), and the third (sansei) generation of descendants of the nissei, from the Japanese in Brazil. To that end, the theoretical-methodological aspects are based on the oral statements of the 16 nikkei interviewees, who are described and analyzed by the specialized literature of geographic science, through the concepts of territory of possibilities and differentiated mobility. In this perspective, the physical and social mobility of the nikkei liberal professionals has in the education to the motivation for the multiple displacements, that pass through some strategic municipalities (family, colony, school and pension), in order to offer the education to nissei and sansei, already that the municipality of origin in the years 1950/1960/1970 did not have the junior and high school. And much less the preparatory course for the vestibular that was generally located in the great urban centers (São Paulo/SP, Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Curitiba/PR). It was up to the Isseis (1° generation) after World War II to encourage the families that reterritorialized themselves in the West of São Paulo to invest in the education of their children. In the meantime the Japanese-territorialized Japanese fam... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Feliciano / Resumo: A presente dissertação de Mestrado versa sobre os desdobramentos da intensificação das jornadas de trabalho e o uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos no assentado São Paulo, tendo recorte territorial o município de Presidente Epitácio, Extremo Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, região conhecida como Pontal do Paranapanema, nesse assentamento como na região possui famílias integradas á indústria de conservas. Notadamente observamos os efeitos do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo, a partir do pacote tecnológico imposto verticalmente por uma empresa de capital nacional que condiciona e subordina os camponeses. Os elementos contraditórios presentes no território, são observados a partir da eminência do conflito, que demostra as formas regenerativas encontradas pelos camponeses para resistir nos territórios. A realidade social contraditória e diversa dos assentamentos apresenta concomitantemente sujeitos inseridos na subordinação ao desenvolvimento do capitalismo no campo, presos a integração a indústria. E sujeitos que buscam no investimento tecnificado do plantio de pepinos as saídas insubordinadas, como a utilização de técnicas, tecnologias, equipamentos e estruturas para produzir alimentos, fatos que comprovam o movimento contraditório que vive as famílias de sujeição e subordinação, como alternativa da (re) criação camponesa. / Abstract: This dissertation deals with the intensification of working hours and the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals in the settlement of São Paulo, in the Municipality of Presidente Epitácio, in the extreme west of the State of São Paulo, a region known as Pontal do Paranapanema, in this settlement as in region has families integrated into the canning industry. Notably we observe the effects of the development of capitalism in the countryside, from the technological package imposed vertically by a company of national capital that conditions and subordinates the peasants.The contradictory elements present in the territory, are observed from the eminence of the conflict, that demonstrates the regenerative forms found by the peasants to resist in the territories. The contradictory and diverse social reality of the settlements concomitantly presents subjects inserted in the subordination to the development of the capitalism in the field, bound to the integration to industry. And subjects who seek in the technical investment of cucumber planting the insubordinate exits, such as the use of techniques, technologies, equipment and structures to produce food, facts that prove the contradictory movement that lives the families of subjection and subordination, as an alternative of) peasant farming. / Mestre

This thesis wants to make clear the theoretical concept in the form of a testable hypothesis on the relationship between the political control of the territory by a Violent Non-State Actor (VNSA) and the effectiveness of realization of its political objective (policies). Since in the literature there is no explicit theory or theorization that would reflect the varying degree of effectiveness with regard to the varying degree of territorial penetration, and there are no explicit parametric indicators and values that may be necessary for effective achievement of the political objective in relation to the territory, the purpose of the research will be to answer the question whether, how and to what extent the intensity of the physical penetration of the territory is related to the ability to more easily and efficiently achieve the goals for which the VNSA has been established and has strived. A general definition of threshold values of the penetration can also provide partial piece of knowledge for practical policies and approaches to territorial VNSA on the part of states (counterinsurgency actors). Although there is no explicit use of any of the theories of international relations in the research, the used theoretical framework is inspired by a) approaches to political geography and outlines of...

Ce travail vise à étudier la vie des femmes indigènes du Brésil, dans l'État du Mato Grosso do Sul et les femmes indigènes de la communauté Yaqui dans l'État du Sonora au Mexique. Bien que distantes sur le continent américain, ces communautés montrent que la lutte qu’elles mènent, chacune de leur côté, pour la défense de leur territoire et de leurs droits repose sur une stratégie commune de survie. Les conditions de travail dans les champs et l’exploitation qui y est inhérente, les différences de traitements (indigène et femme) rendent la situation des femmes encore plus critique. Aussi, dans une perspective comparatiste, entre les deux nations, Brésil et Mexique, mon travail traitera également de la question du statut des indigènes, des femmes bien sûr, de leur accès à l’emploi. L’intérêt de procéder à une étude comparative entre ces deux communautés et, tout spécialement, d’axer mes recherches sur les populations « vulnérables » qui la composent, à savoir les femmes et de me focaliser sur le thème du travail et, par-là, leur participation au sein du foyer, dans les champs, le travail artisanal… consiste à montrer comment il leur faut désormais assumer de nouveaux rôles, sans pour autant abandonner ce qui fait l’identité de leur ethnie, à laquelle les deux communautés sont très fortement attachées. / This work aims to be a comparative study between the Terena Indians of Brazil and the Yaqui Indians of Mexico, focusing on the indigenous women of both ethnic groups. Although they are far away on the American continent, these communities show that their struggle for the defence of their territory and their rights is based on a common survival strategy. In this way, the conditions of work and exploitation inherent in them are highlighted, strengthened by differences in treatment (indigenous and feminine) that make the situation of women even more critical. In addition, this paper will address the issue of gender relations within and outside communities, relating to the challenges of indigenous women in the 21st century, such as female empowerment and gender equality. The interest in conducting a comparative study and, more specifically, focusing the research on "vulnerable" populations, in this case indigenous women, is to show how they are now taking on new roles without abandoning their ethnic identity.

<p>This dissertation investigates the forms of marginalization and exclusion, particularly of women, produced by state-fostered large-scale projects and nation-state building processes in Gilgit-Baltistan, located in the northern frontier region of Pakistan. In a context where state-led development projects and policies are primarily motivated by nationalism and territorial integration, the strategic interests of the state undermine the promised people-centric objectives of economic development and exacerbate gendered inequalities in economic development that lead to the exclusion of women. My ethnographic research, involving participant observations, semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and my personal encounters during fieldwork, explores the underrepresented local counter-narratives of development that are mostly overshadowed by the hegemonic nationalist narrative. By focusing on women’s narratives, my research examines the real barriers and constraints shaping their everyday lived experiences. This dissertation engages with the theoretical frameworks of state-making, critical development, and feminist approaches to studying women’s empowerment and economic development. The chapters in this dissertation center on three main topics: First, this dissertation analyzes women entrepreneurs in Gilgit-Baltistan as disciplined development subjects forged by the development discourse and practice prevalent in the Global South since the last quarter of the 20th century. Second, this dissertation explains the differential subjectivities and variations in women’s experiences and engagement with development as an outcome of the nation-state building processes carried out by both ideological and infrastructural apparatuses: the institutionalization of Islam and Muslimness to construct a uniform national identity, on the one hand, and the Karakoram Highway and the military-state’s strategic intervention to integrate Gilgit-Baltistan into Pakistan’s national territory, on the other. By laying out the politico-historical context in the postcolonial era, this dissertation situates women in the larger geopolitical realities and argues that social differentiation among women is a consequence of hegemonic state interventions. Third, this dissertation is a work of anthropology at home that draws from my personal experiences and encounters during fieldwork in my home region. It engages with questions about the positionalities of the researcher as sites of challenge and opportunity in the field and larger disciplinary practices.</p>

After Berlin Conference in 1884 to 1885, Somalia was partitioned into five parts by Britain, Italy, and French. In 1960 two parts gained independence and formed the Somali Republic, and since then successive Somali governments sought to incorporate the other three parts of Somali territories under Ethiopia, Kenya and French Somaliland known as Djibouti into Greater Somalia.The aim of this study has been to explore and analyze the causes, and the impact of the Somalia’ irredentism on political stability in Somalia. In more specifically, the main objective has been to critically examine how Somali irridentism policy has been pursued, what challenges faced and how it has affected the political stability of the post-colonial Somali state from 1960 to 1990.The analysis presented in this study has shown that the causes of Somali irredentism are combined factors that helped rise Somali irredentism. The analysis has argued that Somalia’s quest for irredentism policy had a huge impact on Somalia’s political stability, including, but not limited to, creating enemies and alienating allies from neighbouring countries to western and eastern blocs, as well as interstate conflict with Ethiopia which ended with Somalia defeat. Finally, Somalia’s defeat, which resulted from irredentism’s venture, caused disunity among the national army, refugee crisis, financial burden and the rise of armed opposition movements that finally ousted the military regime led by Siad Barre. This was followed by state collapse and protracted civil war.

Northern Goshawk breeding habitat was conceptualized and analyzed as a system composed of different sized components organized within a hierarchy. The organization of the hierarchy was asymmetric with smaller components nested within and subordinate to larger components. Components considered in the breeding habitat hierarchy of goshawks were nest tree, nest site, nest territory, foraging area, and landscape. Choice at any level within the hierarchy was contrasted with the next level in the hierarchy. Thus it was found that goshawks chose nest trees with a largerdbh (79.0 ± 4.4 cm) than the nest site average (43 ± 2.7 cm) (p=0.000036); the averagedbh of the nest site (43.2± 3.1 cm) was significantly larger than the territory (33.2± 1.9cm) (p=0.018). The nest territory when contrasted with random unoccupied locations in the landscape demonstrated a composition of a central site of trees with largedbh and fewer stems when compared with the surrounding forest. I hypothesize that this pattern reduces thepredation risk at the nest site. I investigated the nest site relative to the assumed foraging area (radius of 3000m; approximately 3000ha). Goshawks selected nest sites which were significantly further from young clear cuts (>10 ha). The average distance from a nest site to a recentclearcut greater than 10 ha was 1,350 m of the nest while for unoccupied sites the average distance was 770 m (p = 0.011). Finally, at the landscape level, areas of approximately 10,000 ha, goshawks on Vancouver Island were more abundant, had more nest sites, and had higher productivity per active nest in old growth forests (>120 years) than in either second growth (majority less than 80 years) or fragmented landscapes. The majority of goshawk prey, as determined though pellet analysis was red squirrel (69%). Red squirrels were equally abundant in second growth and old growth yet less abundant in fragmented landscapes. Despite similar abundance of their main prey item goshawks were not as abundant in second growth forests as in old growth forests. I conclude that the structure of second growth and fragmented landscape reduces the availability of key prey species and therefor the suitability of these landscape fpr goshawks is lower. / Graduate

Résumé : Depuis les années 1990, l’essentiel des travaux scientifiques sur l’impact des événements sportifs s’est focalisé sur les impacts économiques. Mais, depuis, quelques années, les effets immatériels relatifs à la dimension sociale sont de plus en plus étudiés. Dans ce contexte, la thèse porte sur la compréhension des impacts des événements sportifs récurrents sur le territoire parisien. À partir d’un recensement extensif, ce travail analyse 9 études de cas représentatives de la diversité observée des événements sportifs parisiens. La collecte de données s’appuie sur des séquences d’observation in situ (11), des entretiens semi-directifs (41) et de l’analyse documentaire. Fondée sur la théorie ancrée, posture qui part du terrain pour générer un cadre théorique, l’analyse montre que la compréhension des enjeux locaux ne peut se faire que par une contextualisation précise des situations locales et des volontés politiques.Ce cheminement inductif ouvre sur deux volets analytiques. Le premier construit une analyse des jeux d'acteurs qui révèle la centralité de l’acteur public dans les processus de mise en réseau. Le second éclaire la relation immatérielle qui s'organise entre l'événement et son territoire hôte, à travers la notion d'ancrage territorial. Ces développements conduisent à la proposition d’un « modèle des dynamiques locales », qui ambitionne d’appréhender tout ce qui se joue autour de l’événement sportif : ce qui lui permet d’émerger, autant que ce qu’il génère. En conclusion, considérant la fonction déterminante de l’acteur public dans l’événementiel sportif parisien, une approche plus globale est envisagée où l’agrégation des dynamiques locales pourrait se muer en une dynamique territoriale, initiée par un portefeuille d’événements sportifs complémentaires. / Since the 90s, scientific works on the impact of sports events has been mainly focusing on economics. However, for some years now, intangible effects related to social dimension of these events are increasingly studied. In this context, this work aims to understand the impacts of recurring sports events based in Paris. Started from an extensive census, this work analyzes 9 case studies representative of the observed diversity of sporting events in Paris. Data collection is based on in situ observations (11), semi-directives interviews (41), and documentary analyses. Based on grounded theory which uses a fieldwork approach to yield a theoretical framework, the analysis demonstrates that the understanding of local stakes can only be achieved through a precise contextualization of local situations and political willingness.This inductive pathway launches two analytical determinations: (1) to build a way to analyze interplays of actors that reveal the centrality of the public entity in the networking process (2) to highlight the intangible relationship between the event and its host territory, through the concept of “territorial anchorage.” These developments lead to the proposal of a “model of the local dynamics”. This model aim to apprehend all that revolves around the sporting event: from what allows it to emerge to what it generates. In conclusion, regarding the decisive role of the public entity within Parisian’s sporting events, a more global approach is envisaged where the aggregation of local dynamics could evolve into a territorial dynamic, beginning with a portfolio of complementary sports events.

Le littoral est aujourd’hui affecté par différents phénomènes. Inondation, érosion côtière, perte biodiversité, dégradation des terres…, constituent autant de facteurs de dysfonctionnement. Les enjeux sont à la fois écologiques, socioéconomiques et politiques. L’observation sur des zones urbaines et rurales de Mbour, Saly et Malicounda montre des facteurs de vulnérabilité à la fois naturels et anthropiques. Les changements identifiés ne peuvent être spécifiquement l’effet du changement climatique ; ils représentent aussi le prolongement de situations enclenchées par facteurs physiques, sociaux, économiques, politiques, propres aux territoires Selon les perturbations étudiées, les territoires apparaissent différemment vulnérables. La destruction d’habitations et d’infrastructures, la baisse des captures, des revenus de la pêche, du tourisme et de l’agriculture constituent des impacts auxquels font face les différents acteurs dont les stratégies développées ne sont généralement ni anticipatives, ni efficaces. Il se pose également un problème de responsabilité des acteurs dans la maitrise des perturbations et de leur dynamique dans cette zone stratégique sur le plan économique. Pour une bonne gestion des risques, cette thèse invite à une réelle politique d’aménagement du territoire et à la mise en place d’un observatoire. / The coast is now affected by different phenomena. Flooding, coastal erosion, biodiversity loss, land degradation ..., are all factors malfunction.The issues are both ecological, socioeconomic and political. The observation on urban and rural areas of Mbour, Saly and Malicounda shows vulnerabilities of both natural and anthropogenic. The observed changes may be specifically the effect of climate change; they also represent a continuation of situations switched by physical, social, economic, political, of territories. According to the perturbations studied, territories appear differently vulnerable. The destruction of homes and infrastructure, declining catches, revenues from fishing, tourism and agriculture are the impacts faced by different actors. The strategies developed are generally neither proactive nor effective. It also poses a problem of responsibility of actors in the mastery of disturbances and their dynamics in this strategic area economically. For a good risk management, this thesis calls for a real policy of regional planning and the establishment of an observatory.

[pt] Esta pesquisa explora a importância do botequim como um espaço vital para grupos historicamente marginalizados, proporcionando modos de vida alternativos e um sentimento de pertencimento ao bairro, às ruas e à cidade. Também destaca a conexão entre o botequim e a dimensão urbana, uma vez que constitui um lugar de encontro e ocupação em uma cidade cada vez mais segregada. Busca-se ampliar a discussão sobre a literatura que aborda o botequim, sua relação com o território e as formas de sociabilidade, bem como suas implicações para a autonomia do indivíduo e várias formas de opressão, além do impacto das políticas urbanas e culturais. A pesquisa também visa apontar para uma reflexão crítica a respeito da implementação de políticas culturais no Rio de Janeiro, onde a patrimonialização do botequim parece estar sujeita à lógica do neoliberalismo urbano. / [en] This research explores the significance of the botequim as a vital space for historically marginalized groups, providing alternative ways of living and a sense of belonging to the neighborhood, streets, and the city. It also highlights the connection between the botequim and the urban dimension, as it constitutes a meeting place and occupation in a city that is becoming increasingly segregated. The study aims to broaden the discussion on literature that addresses the botequim, its relationship with the territory and forms of sociability, as well as its implications for the individual s autonomy and various forms of oppression, in addition to the impact of urban and cultural policies. The research also aims to prompt a critical reflection on the implementation of cultural policies in Rio de Janeiro, where the heritage recognition of the botequim seems to be subject to the logic of urban neoliberalism.