Trata-se de pesquisa empírica e documental realizada com três grupos distintos de jovens e adultos leitores habituais e leitores não-habituais. Um grupo composto por alunos do Cursinho Comunitário Pré-Vestibular Sagrado Coração Pastoral Cultural -, sediado na Paróquia Nossa Senhora do Sagrado Coração, outro grupo constituído por assíduos frequentadores da Biblioteca Pública Paulo Setúbal, ambos localizados na Vila Formosa, Zona Leste da Cidade de São Paulo, e, o terceiro grupo formado por participantes do Núcleo da Palavra, do Laboratório Experimental de Arte- Educação & Cultura Lab_Arte, da Faculdade de Educação, da Universidade de São Paulo Feusp. O Objetivo é desvelar as principais questões comportamentais e educacionais geradoras das dificuldades e/ou facilidades com a leitura de obras literárias desenvolvidas no trajeto da formação do leitor. Formação para leitura que pressupõe, nesta tese, uma fisiologia simbólica da leitura, que se instaura nos espaços-tempos familiar, escolar e cultural, conformando-se através da pessoa do leitor, num processo que perpassa a corporeidade. A pesquisa reflete sobre os leitores a partir da reflexão dos mesmos sobre suas trajetórias com a leitura de obras literárias, registradas nas redações produzidas pelos alunos do cursinho, nas entrevistas concedidas pelos leitores da biblioteca e nas produções de textos de cunho poético e narrativo, escritas pelos participantes do Núcleo da Palavra, privilegiando assim uma hermenêutica pontuada pelo gradiente-holonômico, ou seja por múltiplos olhares que integram vários pontos de vista, inclusive o do leitor, focando o tema de modo a verificar as relações que as pessoas estabelecem com a leitura, interpretando-a de modo de deleitoso ou angustiante. O referencial teórico norteador fundamenta-se em Gilbert Durand nAs Estruturas Antropológicas do Imaginário e A Imaginação Simbólica, apoiado pela compreensão do imaginário em Gaston Bachelard, Danielle Perin Rocha Pitta, Marcos Ferreira-Santos, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, acrescidos dos pensamentos sobre literatura, arte e educação de Antônio Cândido, Edmir Perrotti, Paulo Freire, Michel de Certeau, dentre outros. / This paper deals with empirical and documentary research data culled from 3 different habitual and non-habitual readerships comprised of youngsters and adults. The first group comprehends students from the Sacred Heart Community Pre- College Preparatory Course, located in the Our Lady of the Sacred Heart parish. The second group comprehends regular readers from Paulo Setúbal Public Library. Both sites are located in Vila Formosa district, East Area of the city of São Paulo. The third group was formed by collaborators of the Literary Nucleus of the Art, Education and Culture Experimental Lab belonging to the School of Education of Universidade de São Paulo (FEUSP). The aim of the present work is to reveal the main behavioral and educational issues which generate both the difficulties and ease of understanding literary works, and which occur along the formation of readerships themselves. Reading formation presupposes herein a symbolic reading physiology, which settles upon family, school and cultural space-times and shows itself through the figure of the reader, in a process which lies beyond readers´ actions. The research reflects on readerships based on their own perception about their track records in reading literary works, which were registered in prep courses´ students´ essays, in interviews with library readers and in poetic and narrative texts written by Literary Nucleus collaborators. Thus there is herein the prevalence of hermeneutics marked by an emerging paradigm, that is, by multiple looks which belong to several viewpoints, including that of the reader, framing the subject matter so that relations between reader and reading process might be verified, the last being interpreted as either pleasant or annoying. Theoretical references are mainly Gilbert Durand´s works (Anthropological Structures of the Imaginary and The Symbolic Imagination), supported by the understanding of the imaginary in Gaston Bachelard, Danielle Perin Rocha Pitta, Marcos Ferreira-Santos, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Paul Ricoeur, as well as by thoughts about literature, art and education in Antonio Candido, Edmir Perrotti, Paulo Freire, Michel de Certeau, among others.

O objetivo desta dissertação é demonstrar como a evolução simultânea de aspectos técnicos, morfológicos e materiais alteraram a condição do livro e o estabelecimento do ebook. O segundo objetivo da dissertação é apresentar as mudanças epistemológicas por conta dessa evolução. Os aspectos técnicos relacionam-se às técnicas envolvidas na produção do livro e do e-book. Os aspectos morfológicos relacionam-se à forma. Os aspectos materiais relacionam-se à cultura, ao mercado editorial e aos hábitos de leitura. Essa simultaneidade provoca uma alteração única na história da leitura, do livro e do ebook. A condição atual é a da participação de leitores autores que se auto-publicam, empresas de tecnologia como Amazon e Apple que se tornaram quase editoras e de booksapps- games. O reflexo dessa evolução se dá especialmente na questão cognitiva da leitura do e-book que é distinta da leitura no impresso. / The main objective is to demonstrate how the simultaneous evolution of the technical, morphological and material aspects influenced the book and the appearance of the e-book. The second objective is to show the epistemological changes because of that evolution. The technical aspects relate to techniques involved in the production of both book and ebook. The morphological aspects relate to its form. The material aspects relate to culture, the editorial market and the reading culture. That simultaneity generates a unique change in the history of reading, book and the e-book. Reality presents readers authors that selfpublish, technology companies such as Amazon and Apple that are nearly publishers and books-apps-games. Cognitive ramifications of that evolution appear in the reading of the ebook that is different from the reading of the book.

Orientador: Rosemary Arrojo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T13:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Siqueira_AnaMaria_M.pdf: 4243532 bytes, checksum: 6181e7874b6f463c303d5b4037d6d070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O objeto desta pesquisa é a noção de texto na reflexão do tradutor e teórico da tradução norte-americano Lawrence Venuti, cujo nome tomou-se uma referência nos estudos da tradução em virtude da repercussão de suas idéias sobre a (in)visibilidade do tradutor na cultura anglo-americana contemporânea (Estados Unidos e Reino Unido). Esta pesquisa procura mostrar que existem aspectos conflitantes, em relação à textualidade, na obra desse teórico que afIrma considerar o pensamento pós-estruturalista e a instabilidade textual ao refletir sobre a tradução. Partindo dessa mesma perspectiva - considerando principalmente a reflexão empreendida por Jacques Derrida - esta dissertação pretende mostrar que Venuti supõe a estabilidade do texto tanto ao descrever a sua visão particular sobre a tradução, quanto ao formular propostas com a intenção de modifIcar a prática tradutória dentro da cultura anglo-americana, e que, portanto, não assume uma postura pósestruturalista até as últimas conseqüências / Abstract: This is a study on the concept of text in Lawrence Venuti's thinking about translation. Venuti is both a translator and a translation theorist whose name has become widely known because of his ideas about the translator's "invisibility" in contemporary Anglo-American culture. He especially refers to the United Kingdom and the United States. From a poststructuralist perspective, particularly from Jacques Derrida' s thinking, this study intends to show that there are some conflicting textual aspects in Venuti' s thinking. Although he states that he follows the ideas of poststructuralist thinkers about textual instability to rethink translation, his 'theory" as well as his strategies to write translations seem to be based on textual stability. Thus it seems that this theorist does not follow poststructuralism to its ultimate consequences / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_RenatoCabral_M.pdf: 1084663 bytes, checksum: e27825804c58170f8888d65ed15607f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar de que forma funciona a progressão tópica e como são empregados os articuladores textuais nas/das Quarta, Quinta e Sexta narrativas da obra Relações, do escritor goiano Heleno Godoy. Nossa hipótese é a de que cada narrativa apresenta um narrador que possui um ethos próprio, isto é, cada narrador, enquanto participante ativo da progressão textual, revela ¿sua personalidade (¿) através de sua maneira de se exprimir¿ (Maingueneau, 1995:138). Já que a progressão textual (seqüenciação) responde pelos procedimentos lingüísticos por meio dos quais se estabelecem, entre segmentos do texto de dimensões variadas, diversos tipos de relações semânticas e/ou pragmático-discursivas (Koch, 2002: 121), é durante o desenrolar dessa progressão que é possível perceber, por meio do ¿tom¿ como cada narrativa é construída, a manifestação desse ethos discursivo do narrador na materialidade lingüística do texto. Portanto, sendo o ethos passível de ser percebido por intermédio de índices de natureza lingüística e discursiva, faremos da progressão tópica e dos articuladores textuais ¿ e da inter-relação entre ambos ¿ objetos de nossa atenção no intuito de entender e explicar, mas sem querer esgotar, a construção da subjetividade da voz narrativa no três textos a serem analisados / Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse how topic progression works and how textual connectives are used in the Fourth, Fith and Sixth narratives that compose Relações, by Heleno Godoy. Our hypothesis is that each narrative displays a narrator and his own ethos, that means, each narrator ¿ being an active participant of textual progression ¿ reveals ¿his personality according to his particular way of expressing himself¿ (Maingeuenau, 1995: 138). Considering that textual progression is linked to the linguistic proceedings that stablish both semantic and pragmatic-discursive (Koch, 2002:121) relations among the parts of a text, it is during the development of textual progression that readers can understand, according to the different ¿tunes¿ in which each narrative is built, the manifestation of the discursive ethos of a narrator. Therefore, since ethos can be inferred from some elements of linguisticdiscursive nature, we will try to explain the way topic progression and textual connectives work in order to build the discursive subjectiviness of each narrator from the three selected narratives / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Detta papper koncentrerar sig på kriminaltekniska undersökningar av text, med fokus på användande av mjukvara med öppen källkod. Pappret diskuterar och undersöker olika tekniker för framtida automatisering av dessa undersökningar.

As the amount of data online grows, the urge to use this data for different applications grows as well. Machine learning can be used with the intent to reconstruct and validate the data you are interested in. Although the problem is very domain specific, this report will attempt to shed some light on what we call strategies for classification, which in broad terms mean, a set of steps in a process where the end goal is to have classified some part of the original data. As a result, we hope to introduce clarity into the classification process in detail as well as from a broader perspective. The report will investigate two classification objectives, one of which is dependent on many variables found in the input data and one that is more literal and only dependent on one or two variables. Specifically, the data we will classify are sales-objects. Each sales-object has a text describing the object and a related image. We will attempt to place these sales-objects into the correct product category. We will also try to derive the year of creation and it’s dimensions such as height and width. Different approaches are presented in the aforementioned strategies in order to classify such attributes. The results showed that for broader attributes such as a product category, supervised learning is indeed an appropriate approach, while the same can not be said for narrower attributes, which instead had to rely on entity recognition. Experiments on image analytics in conjunction with supervised learning proved image analytics to be a good addition when requiring a higher precision score.

The growth of textual content on internet forums over the last decade have been immense which have resulted in users struggling to find relevant information in a convenient and quick way. The activity of finding information from large data collections is known as information retrieval and many tools and techniques have been developed to tackle common problems. Cluster analysis is a technique for grouping similar objects into smaller groups (clusters) such that the objects within a cluster are more similar than objects between clusters. We have investigated the clustering algorithms, Graclus and Non-Exhaustive Overlapping k-means (NEO-k-means), on textual data taken from Reddit, a social network service. One of the difficulties with the aforementioned algorithms is that both have an input parameter controlling how many clusters to find. We have used a greedy modularity maximization algorithm in order to estimate the number of clusters that exist in discussion threads. We have shown that it is possible to find subtopics within discussions and that in terms of execution time, Graclus has a clear advantage over NEO-k-means.

This study aims at investigating what Litteracy events and texts children encounter during a day at preschool. The aim of the study is also to get an understanding of the underlying thoughts with the texts presented in the environment and by the pedagogues. Through observation in two departments as well as interview with a teacher from each department, the questions are examined. The results show that several of the Litteracy events are part of the daily work routine at the preschool in all the investigated departments. The result also shows that children encounter text and Literacy events in large numbers and variations throughout the day, with the exception of the outdoor activities. The study also shows that the teachers in the departments have underlying thoughts to the vast majority of the texts presented. The result also shows the importance of qualitative pedagogues. The more they can inspire and engage, the greater opportunities the children will be able to meet in the areas of text and script in a amusing way, which the vast majority of children today participate in and also as the first part of our education system that deals with the lifelong learning.

Patientjournalen är framförallt ett arbetsverktyg inom vården, men journalen är också en in-formationskälla för patienter och anhöriga. Även andra läsare ska kunna förstå patientjour-nalen eftersom den används vid tillsyn och kontroll, och som underlag för kvalitetsregister samt av domstolar, försäkringsbolag och forskare. I patientjournallagen har formuleringen om att språket ska vara så lätt som möjligt att förstå för patienten funnits sedan 1985. Vårdper-sonal framhåller ofta att detta inte går att kombinera med att skriva effektiva, säkra och kor-rekta journaler. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka språkliga drag i patientjournalen som kan påverka begripligheten i första hand för patienter men även andra läsare. Metoden som an-vänds är kritisk diskursanalys, och materialet undersöks med hjälp av valda delar av idea-tionell, interpersonell och textuell analys. Dessa delar är läsmål, deltagarroller, perspektiv, fackord och förkortningar. Även omtal studeras eftersom detta får effekter för begripligheten. Materialet består av tio journalanteckningar från en kirurgklinik som använder ett digitalt journalsystem. Mallarna i journalsystemet och dess rubriker är styrande för hur texterna blir. Undersökningen visar att förekomsten av förkortningar är relativt låg, 2,4 procent. Det finns 6,7 procent facktermer, vilket gör texterna svårlästa för en lekman. Det är läkarens (dikte-rarens) perspektiv som styr. Texternas omtal är ofta indirekt, vilket gör att det kan bli svårt att begripa vem som gör vad. Avslutningsvis diskuteras möjligheten att mottagaranpassa journalerna efter lekmäns behov.

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