This study is an attempt to explicate Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz&rsquo / s search for a way out of the labyrinth of the continuum in his early years of philosophizing. The main motive of the study is the belief that it would be worthwhile to see how Leibniz initially goes into the labyrinth and comes across with the riddles contained in it. Accordingly, this thesis is intended to discuss what the problem of the composition of the continuum is for the young Leibniz, which concepts and metaphysical problems are associated with the labyrinth, and what particular difficulties challenge Leibniz in his struggle. More importantly, the study seeks to delineate how Leibniz responds to these difficulties, what kinds of solutions he suggests, and how and why he changes his mind and offers different accounts concerning the composition of the continuum in his early writings. In this search for a way out of the labyrinth, some of the early writings of Leibniz written between 1666 and 1675 were studied with a particular emphasis on those directly related with the labyrinth of the continuum. During the study, the differences and transitions between geometrical, physical, and metaphysical accounts concerning the problem of the composition of the continuum were examined with a special focus on the bridging role of &lsquo / motion&rsquo / and the notion of &lsquo / conatus.&rsquo

Most rock masses encountered in civil and mining engineering projects contain pre-existing discontinuities. These discontinuities weaken the rock masses to an extent, which depends very much on the size of engineering structure relation to discontinuity spacing. The strength and deformability of rock mass is controlled not only by the intact portion of rock, but by the characteristic of the joints that break up the mass, particularly their pattern and their orientation with respect to the in-situ stresses. In considering the effect of joints, the discrete approach emerged as an efficient tool and advocated since 1970s (Cundall, 1971). However, the numerical approach with modelling the joints explicitly has the limitation of computational complexity for modelling large-scale problems with extremely large number of joints. As an alternative to this limitation, the equivalent continuum approach models the jointed rock masses as a continuum with the equivalent properties that represent implicitly the effects of the joints. Several numerical methods have been developed by various researchers to model jointed rock masses as equivalent continuum, using various techniques. However, the existing equivalent continuum models are complicated and need more input data from experimental or field testing in order to carry out the analysis. Present approach attempts to use statistical relations, which are simple and obtained after analyzing a large data from the literature on laboratory test results of jointed rock masses. Systematic investigations were done including laboratory experiments to develop the methodologies to determine the equivalent material properties of rock mass and their stress-strain behaviour, using a hyperbolic approach (Duncan and Chang, 1970). Present study covers the development of equivalent continuum model for rock mass right from developing statistical correlations to find out equivalent material properties based on experimental results, to the implementation of the model in FLAC3D for 3-dimensional applications and subsequently verification leading to real field application involving jointed rocks. Experimental work carried out to study the strength and deformation characteristics of jointed rock by using standard laboratory tests on cylindrical specimens of plaster of Paris by introducing artificial joints. The objective was to derive the compressive strength and elastic modulus of rock mass as a function of intact rock strength/modulus and joint factor. The obtained experimental results and developed relations were compared with the previous experimental data on jointed rocks. Further, a failure criterion as proposed by Ramamurthy (1993) has been validated from these experimental results of intact and jointed rock specimens. Empirical relationships similar to Ramamurthy’s relations are established for the prediction of rock mass strength and were compared with proposed equation by Ramamurthy (1993) and are found comparable. However, the equations by Ramamurthy were based on different variety of rocks and therefore recommended for further use and were used in numerical models. For efficient application to the field problems the equivalent continuum model is implemented in the program Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC3D). The model was rigorously validated by simulating jointed rock specimens. Element tests were conducted for both uniaxial and triaxial cases and then compared with the respective experimental results. The numerical test program includes laboratory tested cylindrical rock specimens of different rock types, from plaster of Paris representing soft rock to granite representing very hard rock. The results of the equivalent continuum modelling were also compared with explicit modelling results where joints were incorporated in the model as interfaces. To represent highly discontinuous system, the laboratory investigation on block jointed specimens of gypsum plaster (Brown and Trollope, 1970) was modelled numerically using equivalent continuum approach. To extend the applicability of the model to field applications, investigation were done by undertaking numerical modelling of two case studies underground caverns, one Nathpa Jhakri hydroelectric power cavern in Himachal Pradesh, India, and the other one Shiobara hydroelectric power cavern in Japan. This study verifies the efficiency of the present approach in estimating ground movement and stress distribution around the excavations in jointed rock masses. The modelling results were also compared with six other computation models as presented by Horii et al. (1999) for the Shiobara power house cavern. An attempt has also been made to numerically model the support system for the cavern and investigate the efficiency of reinforcements using FLAC3D. The model was also used for analyzing large scale slope in jointed rocks using the equivalent continuum model by undertaking numerical modelling of Anji bridge abutment slopes, in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Slope stability analysis is done using equivalent continuum approach for both, the original profiles as well as with the pier loads on cut profiles. Attempt was also made to exhibit the shear strength dependency of the strain though the hyperbolic stress- strain model. The shear strain developed in the slope increases with reducing the shear strength. The relationship between the shear strength reduction ratio ‘R’ and axial strain ‘ε’, for different values of failure ratio ‘Rf’ was studied and it was observed that, the value of ‘ε’ increases, as the value of ‘R’ increases especially it increases rapidly when the value ‘R’ approaches certain critical value, which varies with the value of ‘Rf’. This critical value of R is known as the critical shear strength reduction factor Rc and is highly sensitive to the confining stress. As the value of Rf increases, representing a transition from linear elastic nature to nonlinear nature, the value of critical shear strength reduction ratio also decreases. Relationship between the critical shear strength reduction ratio and the safety factor were examined to elucidate their physical meaning. It was observed that at critical value of the shear strength reduction ratio, a well defined failure shear zone developed from the toe to the crest of the slope. Intelligent models using ANNs were also developed to predict the elastic modulus of jointed rocks as an alternative to empirical equations and without predefining a mathematical model to correlate the properties.

Digital preservation is a relatively new subject to Swedish archives. Alhough computers have been used for a long time, preservation has been made on paper and stored on shelves. These days a lot of cities in Sweden have investigated how to best secure the digital information for the future through electronic archiving, e-archives. One option is to hand in the information as soon as possible, but to let the producer keep the information ownership yet some time. The idea is to let the producers of the information answer questions and hand out material, since they are more competent on their field. This thesis analyzes how five different cities have organized the submission of information. I have used archiving models and interviews. For comparison the cities creating their e-archives have been set against Stockholm. There archive has been up and running for some time. The conclusion is that the solution using a transfer archive could be useful, if the material has got a lot of secrecy and one needs specific knowledge to handle the questions. The theoretical framework has been the life cycle model versus the records continuum model. Swedish city archives embrace the continuum approach early in the creation of the information, but the archivists believe in the life cycle model where all long term preservation comes to the point where no further changes can be done, to protect the authenticity of the information. Two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies. Archival science.

Cette étude s'intéresse à la formation linguistique des salariés de premier niveau de qualification. Des travaux de recherche montrent que la part langagière occupe une place importante dans l'activité professionnelle des employés, y compris des moins qualifiés. Des formations dites « de base » sont mises en place depuis ces dernières décennies afin de procurer aux personnels qui ne les maîtriseraient pas, les compétences langagières utiles à l'exercice de leur activité professionnelle. Nous nous sommes interrogée sur ces formations. Sont-elles adaptées aux besoins des employés ? Répondent-elles à leurs demandes et à leurs besoins réels ? L'étude entreprise a eu pour but de comprendre comment ces employés utilisent leurs compétences langagières sur leur lieu de travail. Elle repose sur l'hypothèse que dans la formation des adultes, la question du langage au travail doit être élargie à la littéracie et plus particulièrement, à la raison graphique. Les métiers, comme celui d'agent de nettoyage, où la gestion du temps et de l'espace sont des éléments essentiels, constituent un cas intéressant. Les horaires particuliers, la durée de l'intervention et la présence des usagers nécessitent une gestion efficace du temps et de l'espace. Des stratégies spontanées issues de l'expérience sont mises en œuvre par ces employés pour être plus efficaces dans leur activité professionnelle et rendre le travail moins pénible. Les observations de terrain menées dans cette recherche, inspirées de l'ethnologie, montrent que ces travailleurs utilisent effectivement des « tactiques » au sens de M. de Certeau (1990). Mais ces manières de faire sont des compétences ignorées et non valorisées, ni par les employeurs ni par les formateurs. Ainsi cette recherche contribue à une meilleure connaissance du milieu professionnel et permet de proposer des pistes pour des formations linguistiques qui prendraient en considération leurs acquis. En effet, les résultats informent sur la place du langage dans l'activité de nettoyage ainsi que sur ce que l'on peut qualifier de logique au travail : mise au jour de manières de faire, d'astuces et de compétences ignorées ou masquées, pourtant essentielles à l'organisation du travail, notamment dans la gestion de l'espace et du temps. / This study concerns the linguistic training of employees with a basic level of qualification. The research work shows that the lingual part has an important place in the professional activity of the employees, including those who are the least qualified. Training courses called basic have been established for the past decades to give to the personnel who do not master them well, linguistic skills useful for the exercise of their professional activity. We have analyzed different types of training. Are they adapted to the needs of employees ? Are they an adapted answer to their expectations and their real needs ? The study undertaken aims to understand how these employees use their linguistic skills in the workplace. It is based on the hypothesis that in training for adults, the issue of language at work should be extended to the issue of literacy and more specifically, to the logic of writing. Jobs, such as those of a cleaning agent, where time and space management are crucial elements, are interesting cases. Particular schedules, work duration and presence of users need an effective time and space management. Spontaneous strategies based on experience are implemented by these employees in order to be more efficient in their professional activity and make the work less difficult. Observations in the field led by this research, inspired by ethnology, show that workers use « tactics» effectively in the sense of M. de Certeau (1990). But these methods are ignored skills which are not appreciated, either by employers, or by trainers. Hence, this research contributes to a better understanding of professional environment and allows approaches for linguistic training that should take into consideration their skills. Indeed the results give information about the place of language in professional activity and about what we can call work logic : updating the know-how, tricks and ignored or hidden skills, which, however, are crucial to work organization, especially in time and space management.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Neves Belmont Flores.pdf: 1517957 bytes, checksum: 04279fef27fd2c512b10b9c2adccc4f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-31 / Umbanda is conceived in the connection between popular cults and Spiritism and Candomble, and it is established in the scope of the big towns. For one side, there is a trying of getting white , or civilizing these services putting them together to the kardecist doctrine. For the other side, this doctrine itself has searched in the African sources ritualistic and of possession roots, in a moment of getting black . In this way, making part of these two movements, it appears Umbanda, which nowadays in Brazil can not be seen as homogeneous, but such as a ritualistic and doctrinaire complex that, despite the differences, has kept in itself a ritual and mediúnica line. In other words, the all deformed that we name Umbanda has established as a way of identity a mediunic continuum. In the extremities of this continuum are, by one side, Candomble, on the other side, Spiritism. In this way, talking about the kardecists converting to Umbanda it is to talk about a location changing in the mediunic continuum. To analyze this conversion requests, although, the understanding of how this changing is established in the practice, what doctrinaire and ritualistic elements influence it and how it is deal. So, it was noticed that the ritual is the top of the non-according between the two religions in the present work, Kardecismo and Umbanda. It is in the difference between these rituals, its doctrinaire code, and, mainly in the way of how people participate, that the conversion will settle and solidify. / A Umbanda nasce da relação de cultos populares africanos com o kardecismo e com o Candomblé, e é estabelecida no âmbito das grandes cidades. Por um lado, há a tentativa de embranquecer , ou civilizar esses cultos aproximando-os da doutrina kardecista. Por outro lado, essa mesma doutrina buscou nas fontes africanas raízes ritualísticas e de possessão, num movimento de empretecimento . Dessa forma, fazendo parte desses dois movimentos, surge a umbanda, que hoje no Brasil não pode ser vista como um todo homogêneo, mas como um complexo ritualístico e doutrinário que, apesar das diferenças, mantém entre si uma linha ritual e mediúnica. Em outras palavras, o todo disforme que denominamos Umbanda , estabelece como forma de identidade um continuum mediúnico. Nas estremidades desse continuum estão, de um lado, o Candomblé, do outro, o kardecismo. Nesse sentido, falar da conversão de kardecistas para a Umbanda é falar de uma mudança de localização no continuum mediúnico. Analisar tal conversão requer, portanto, o entendimento de como essa mudança se dá na prática, como quais elementos doutrinários e ritualísticos a influenciam e de que maneira. Assim sendo, observou-se que o ritual é o ponto de discordância entre as duas religiões em questão, kardecismo e Umbanda. É na diferença entre esses rituais, seu código doutrinário, e principalmente na forma como as pessoas deles participam, que a conversão se assentará e se solidificará.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-05T12:24:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunaalvesnovaes.pdf: 5820284 bytes, checksum: b06e84755b8dca21ea1c200ed40ce304 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-09-06T11:26:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunaalvesnovaes.pdf: 5820284 bytes, checksum: b06e84755b8dca21ea1c200ed40ce304 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T11:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunaalvesnovaes.pdf: 5820284 bytes, checksum: b06e84755b8dca21ea1c200ed40ce304 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / O fato é que, estamos interligados de várias maneiras a todo tempo. As pessoas já se “conectavam”, socialmente, por meio de uma rede de sinais, códigos, linguagens e, principalmente, interesses em comum, muito antes do advento da internet. Mesmo a ideia mais simples de rede, pode ser um emaranhado de pequenas interligações, mas, também pode vir seguida de uma grande e rica teoria do Continuum Umbandista. Quando um continuum se forma no espaço físico, off-line, passa a se constituir também online, espaço virtual. Esse fenômeno merece atenção sob diversos aspectos. Muito mais se todo esse processo envolver um tema que permite ligações entre vários “mundos”, além do físico, com é o caso da religião. Neste trabalho foi estudada a maneira pela qual as mudanças tecnológicas e a formação de novos ambientes comunicacionais são apropriadas por uma rede de práticas sociais, rituais, religiosas vinculadas à Umbanda. Procurou-se entender como essas conexões podem alterar ou não o modo e as possibilidades para a compreensão do continuum na Umbanda “recente”. / The fact is, we are intertwined in many ways at all times. People have already "connected" socially through a network of signs, codes, languages, and especially common interests, long before the advent of the internet. Even the simplest idea of networking may be a tangle of small interconnections, but it may also be followed by a large and rich theory of the Umbandist Continuum. When a continuum forms in the physical space, offline, it becomes an online, virtual space. This phenomenon deserves attention under several aspects. Much more so if this entire process involves a theme that allows connections between various "worlds", in addition to the physical, as is the case with religion. In this work, we studied the way in which technological changes and the formation of new communication environments are appropriated by a network of social, ritual and religious practices linked to Umbanda. We sought to understand how these connections may or may not alter the mode and the possibilities for understanding the continuum in the "recent" Umbanda.

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode pour générer des spectres continus avec des applications possibles dans les réseaux d'accès optiques WDM. Cette nouvelle méthode devrait permettre le développement d'une structure laser type continuum avec de meilleures performances en termes de coût et de simplicité comparées aux sources supercontinuum actuelles. Dans ce but, nous avons analysé la possibilité d'élargir les modes résonants d'une cavité Fabry-Perot en n’agissant que sur la conception de l'un des miroirs de la cavité. La conception du miroir est réalisée avec un algorithme génétique en ciblant un spectre de réflectivité souhaitée. Un milieu actif est alors ajouté à l'intérieur de la cavité formée avec un tel miroir synthétisé et son comportement en dessous du seuil est simulé. Les spectres des cavités ainsi obtenues sont continus sur une bande de 5 à 15nm. / This thesis proposes a new method for the generation of continuous spectra with possible applications in optical WDM access networks. This new method would allow the development of a continuum laser type structure with better performances in terms of cost and simplicity compared to the current supercontinuum sources. For this purpose, we have analyzed the possibility of extending the resonant modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity acting only on the design of one of the cavity mirrors. The design of the mirror is generated with a genetic algorithm targeting a desired reflectivity spectrum. An active medium is then added inside the cavity formed with the synthesized mirror and the cavity’s emission is simulated below the lasing threshold. The spectra thus obtained are continuous on an interval of 5 to 15 nm.

This study concerns the contracting of digital archives for Swedish municipalities and the needs and requirements that govern this. Since the early 2000s, the Swedish government has been interested in expanding the utilization of digital information management. In order to preserve “born digital” official documentation, digital archives are increasingly becoming a necessity for Swedish municipalities. This study considers what the requirements and requests are explicated in formal requirement specifications for such systems. Tobias Edvardssons framework from the book chapter “Kommersiella IT-avtal” (commercial IT-contracts)  in the book “Rättsinformatik” edited by Cecilia Magnusson Sjöberg, as well as grounded theory, is used to discern pertinent categories of requirements. The study finds that the main areas of interest while negotiating a new digital archive can be divided into functional-, qualitative-, governing-, and economic requirements (in accordance with Edvardsson). Archival specifications and technical considerations are also central, as per findings using grounded theory with the support of such models as OAIS and Records Continuum Model.  The study concludes that there still are considerable steps to take before reaching an e-archive solution that can be used on a broad scale to accommodate many different needs and restrictions. However, at the same time, the development of long-term preservation systems for digital records would benefit from more standardized guidelines on a national scale.

This thesis investigates the potential consequences resulting from the migration process of the medical journal system, Auricula Ordination, to an alternative platform, with a particular focus on the risk of information loss and the long-term accessibility of the migrated data. The study examines how the migration to systems with potentially different data structures poses challenges in preserving the integrity of information. By adopting the perspective of accessibility and using the Records Continuum Model's fourth dimension of pluralisation, this study sheds light on the complexities associated with maintaining the accessibility of information within the new system. Even after the new system is archived. By conducting case studies using the appraisal investigations conducted by the Swedish regions, examples to support the findings were found. This analysis highlights the need to address the information management challenges arising from the migration process and emphasizes the significance of preserving the integrity and accessibility of data in the context of medical journal systems. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential information loss and challenges associated with the migration process of medical journal systems. By drawing insights from the Records Continuum Model, it enhances our understanding of the complexities involved in ensuring long-term accessibility of migrated data. These findings have implications for information management practices in regional archives, calling for more comprehensive approaches to preserve and facilitate access to valuable medical knowledge. / Denna uppsats ämnar till att undersöka de risker som uppstår vid migration av information från en informationsinnehavare till en annan. För att undersöka dessa risker har ett flertal fallstudier gjorts utifrån gallringsutredningen av journalsystemet Auricula Ordination, vilket användes inom hälso- och sjukvården i flertalet av Sveriges regioner. För att avgränsa undersökningen gjordes valet att enbart undersöka de regioner som samarbetar inom R7e-arkiv. Förutom att belysa de risker som finns ämnar likväl denna uppsats att skifta fokus i arkivforskningen i Sverige bort ifrån de större statliga arkiven till att belysa de mindre arkiven i landets regioner.  Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att genom ett flertal fallstudier undersöka konsekvenserna av migrationer av informationssystem och hur detta påverkar den framtida möjligheten för tillgängliggörande. Likväl hur ägandeskapet av informationen kan påverka dess integritet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har gjorts utifrån Records Continuum Models fjärde dimension pluralisation. I kombination med en hermeneutiskteori ämnas att skapa en mer utförlig bild av regionernas utgångspunkt i sina utredningar av Auricula och hur perspektivet av tillgängliggörande har framkommit. Undersökningen resulterade i att migrationer av information från ett system till ett annat har en negativ inverkan på framtida möjligheter av tillgängliggörande. Vilket grundas i framförallt riskerna av informationsförluster under själva migrationen. Där förlusten av relevanta metadata är i störst risk att gå förlorad. Vilket i förlängningen kan skada informationens integritet och dess kontext kan gå förlorad.

This paper has had the purpose of examiniating how the chritical discussion about the well known archival theoretical topic The principle of provenance has been discussed by international researchers. The papper has also intended to examinate the discussion of the priniciple of provenance from the swedish national archives guidelines called Överlämnande av arkiv till annan myndighet. The author of this paper has been searching for answers of two research questions; In which ways are the principle of provenance being discussed by researchers in a chritical way? And, in which ways does the national archives of Sweden discuss the principle of provenance in their guidelines?  The papers results in the first research question shows that there is a lot of research about the problems and chritique about the traditional way of seeing and using the principle of provenance. The conclusion from the author regarding the first resaearch question is that many authors of the research articles found that the classical way of describing archives according to the priciple of provenance and respect des fonds, could use some modernazation. Similar patterns and words has been seen in discussion of research from the used articles of this paper, from 1983 to 2020 regarding the principle of provenance. Some special focus for the word of multi-provenance and a minimalistic and maximalistic understanding has been discussed in many of the articles, which has been analyzed by the author with the chosen theory of the paper. The results of the authors second research question shows that the national archives try to follow the principle of provenance at their best in the case were records and archives are being handled over to a new organization. The conclusion of the paper is that the priciple of provenance is chriticized and many searches for a more modern version of it, including multiprovenance and a broader perspective of the principle. The results from above has then been analyzed from a theoretical point of view with the records continuum model and a problematizized postmodern perspective.