[pt] Jardins botânicos são instituições que visam a pesquisa, o estudo e a conservação vegetal, e estão cada vez mais abertas ao público. O Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, uma das mais antigas instituições científicas do país, tem na dimensão educativa um importante elo de ligação com o público. As escolas são parte significativa do universo de visitantes, que a cada ano e para a qual, foram criados projetos específicos de educação ambiental. Este estudo teve por objetivo examinar as relações do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro com o público escolar, através de observações de práticas educativas desenvolvidas na instituição, e de entrevistas realizadas nas escolas, com professores que levam suas turmas para visitas ao Jardim. Os dados obtidos na pesquisa permitem identificar questões que favorecem e outras que dificultam a aproximação entre esses dois universos, Jardim e escola, o que pode contribuir para a construção de uma possível parceria. / [en] Botanical Gardens are institutions increasingly open to a public that seeks to study and preserve flora. The Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, one of the oldest scientific institutions in Brazil, has created an important bond with the public through its educational activities. Schools, for which specific environmental educational projects have been created, are a significant portion of the universe of visitors, which is increasing every year. The present study has the purpose of examining the relationship between the Botanical Garden and the school public, by means of observation of the educational practices developed by the institution, together with interviews conducted with the teachers who bring their students to the Garden. The data obtained in the research allowed the identification of elements that favor, as well as those that hinder, the approximation of these two universes, The Botanical Garden and the school, thus contributing to the development of an effective partnership.

Notre thèse retrace l’évolution de l’architecture du jardin et de son décor entre le Haut-Empire et l’Antiquité tardive, dans les maisons de Gaule romaine, en particulier dans les demeures des élites. Elle permet désormais de faciliter les comparaisons entre nord et sud de la Gaule. L’élaboration d’un corpus a permis de répertorier et analyser les formes du jardin. Les plans, colorisés afin de visualiser le jardin au milieu des espaces d’apparat et de circulation et faciliter les comparaisons, permettent de constater dans un premier temps que certains éléments du jardin italique sont repris. Cependant, l’élaboration d’une typologie des formes du jardin indique que cette architecture importée est rapidement adaptée. La Gaule romaine innove par de nouvelles formes architecturales et des créations. Puis, la crise du IIIe siècle marque une importante rupture dans la diffusion de cette forme d’habitat résidentiel. Il reste difficile de dire si le jardin est un espace que l’on abandonne à cause des valeurs païennes qu’il véhicule, dans une spiritualité chrétienne nouvelle. Dans un second temps, l’analyse de l’apparition chronologique des bassins permet d’appréhender l’évolution des formes et des modes au sein d’une province, ainsi que leurs modalités de diffusion. L’élaboration d’une typo-chronologie révèle les formes les plus utilisées et la naissance de modes locales. Nous avons enfin cherché à restituer l’univers et la sensibilité du jardin dans les maisons urbaines de Gaule romaine à travers les choix iconographiques des propriétaires. Malgré une documentation parfois sporadique, des ensembles permettent désormais de reconstituer la scénographie des jardins gallo-romains. / Our thesis relates the evolution of the architecture of the garden and its decoration between Early Empire and Late Antiquity, in Roman Gaul houses, in particular, in high social class residences. It enables easier comparisons in between northern and southern Gaul. The elaboration of a corpus allowed us to list and analyze the forms of the garden. At first, the maps (colorized to visualize the garden among the pleasure and circulation spaces, and to facilitate the comparisons) enable us to notice that certain elements of the italic garden are reused. However, the elaboration of a typology indicates that this imported architecture is quickly adapted. Roman Gaul is breaking new ground with new architectural forms and creations. The 3rd century crisis shows an important break in the spreading of that form of residential habitat. It is still difficult to say if the garden is a space that is being abandoned because of its pagan values, in a new Christian spirituality. Secondly, studying the chronological apparition of basins let us understand the evolution of the forms and modes in each province and how they spread. Thanks to our typo-chronology, we noticed that some forms are more used with local modes. We tried to give a faithful idea of the world and sensibility of the garden in Gallo-Roman urban residences through the iconographical choices of its owners. Despite the sporadic documentation, remnants, while incomplete, enable us to recreate the staging of those Gallo-Roman gardens.

Les parcs et jardins, à contrario des bâtiments et des constructions pérennes des villes, sont vivants. Au fil des saisons et des années ils changent, les arbres grandissent, les feuilles tombent, les fleurs éclosent et se fanent. De la même manière que les hommes entretiennent leur corps, il faut prendre soin de ces espaces verts. Dans cette perspective, les espaces verts sont à la fois acteurs sociaux et espaces sociaux, et ils peuvent être appréhendés comme producteurs de territorialités, en élaborant des règles d’appropriation particulières, des histoires, des mythes et le sens qu’ils recèlent. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier comment ces territoires peuvent être producteurs d’action publique et de sens, à la fois pour les décideurs publics, les professionnels des espaces verts et les usagers. A travers trois angles d’approche distincts, nous abordons les parcs publics de Grenoble et de Sofia par l’histoire, les représentations et les usages, et enfin par une dimension esthétique qui leur est propre, et qui permet de mettre en évidence des processus communs à tous les milieux urbains, tels que les conflits d’acteurs, la gentrification ou encore la patrimonialisation.Si de nombreuses études traitent des espaces verts, non seulement en sociologie, mais aussi en urbanisme, géographie, sciences politiques, le travail que nous proposons ici est original et se propose d’aborder cette thématique du parc sous un angle inédit. En effet, cette étude met en avant une dimension comparative forte avec un terrain qui a pris place dans des villes très différentes, éloignées géographiquement et culturellement. Par ailleurs, l’étude ne se centre pas sur un espace en particulier, mais sur une myriade de parcs et jardins urbains dispersés dans les deux villes. Ce sont donc davantage des phénomènes globaux et structurels qui sont apparus et sur lesquels nous avons mis l’accent. Enfin, cette étude est également originale dans le sens où nous proposons de mobiliser une sociologie urbaine plus qu’une sociologie de l’environnement pour traiter de ces espaces. Nous proposons ainsi une critique de la sociologie de l’environnement et nous montrons qu’elle n’est pas nécessairement la plus pertinente pour comprendre le fonctionnement des parcs urbains. / The parks and gardens, in contrast to the buildings and the perennial buildings of the cities, are alive. Through the seasons and years they change, the trees grow, the leaves fall, the flowers hatch and fade. In the same way that men maintain their bodies, care must be taken of these green spaces. In this perspective, green spaces are both social actors and social spaces, and they can be considered as producers of territorialities, elaborating rules of appropriation, stories, myths and the meaning they hold. This thesis aims to study how these territories can be producers of public action and meaning, both for public decision-makers, professionals of green spaces and users. Through three different angles of approach, we approach the public parks of Grenoble and Sofia by history, representations and uses, and finally by an aesthetic dimension that is specific to them, and which allows to highlight processes Common to all urban environments, such as stakeholder conflicts, gentrification or patrimonialization.Although many studies deal with green spaces, not only in sociology, but also in urban planning, geography, political science, the work we propose here is original and proposes to approach this theme of the park from an unprecedented angle. Indeed, this study highlights a strong comparative dimension with a terrain that has taken place in very different cities, distant geographically and culturally. In addition, the study does not center on a particular space, but on a myriad of parks and urban gardens scattered in both cities. So it is more global and structural phenomena that have emerged and emphasized. Finally, this study is also original in the sense that we propose to mobilize an urban sociology rather than a sociology of the environment to deal with these spaces. We propose a critique of the sociology of the environment and show that it is not necessarily the most relevant to understand the functioning of urban parks.

Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T13:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Guimaraes Lago Pinheiro.pdf: 1345137 bytes, checksum: dd311733f8b60dbc79fa8fc2930d2a15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Guimaraes Lago Pinheiro.pdf: 1345137 bytes, checksum: dd311733f8b60dbc79fa8fc2930d2a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Recently the use of heliconia as cut flowers, stimulated the interest of the use of new species in landscaping. Those plants offer beauty and exoticism to the garden and follows the tendency of landscape projects with native plants. The Heliconia genus, Heliconiaceae family, have plants with exotic inflorescences in vibrant colors that range for yellow, orange, red, and pink that are characterizes as tropical gardens plants. There are around 182 species of Heliconia, nevertheless, due to the lack of knowledge on the individual characteristics of the species from this genus, only a few are used as ornamental plants by landscape professionals. This work was carried out to evaluate ornamental characteristics of genotypes from Heliconia, grown in full sun in the period January to December 2008, as well as involve them in landscape applications. The experiment was conducted at Heliconias Germoplasm Collection of Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), through analysis for the qualitative and quantitative characteristics related to clump and inflorescences aspect of this genotypes. Except for cv. Red Opal, H. psittacorum cultivars and its interspecific hybrids were considered to be short plants (less than 1.51 meters height) and adequate as a massive flower bed that would not interfere on the views and may be used to complement design lines, generating ambiences and ordering the garden spaces. The genotypes H. collinsiana, H. rostrata and H. foreroi showed inflorescences which last longer than 78 days in good conditions in the clump, which is an remarkable aspect in the landscape. H. bihai inflorescences was difficult to visualize, its bracts accumulate water, attract insects and have odor. An experiment conduct from January 2007 to July 2008 permitted evaluated Heliconia x nickeriensis to ornamental characteristics and management for garden use. It’s described as short height plant, with quick development, dispersed type of clump architecture and open growth habit. The clump area reached 5.14 m2 at 18 months after planting (MAP), demonstrading the necessity of a large space for development . The shoots emission in the internal part of the clump permitted a complete soil coverage. The dark green leaves contrast with the yellow-orange inflorescence which are easily visualized above its foliage. The flowering period started at 9 MAP, reaching an emission of more than 17 inflorescences per clumb at 17 MAP. The inflorescences kept the quality for more than 25 days after its emittion in the clump. This genotype represents a good option to be used either isolated, for covering large open areas, or grouped with other ornamental plants to create compositions with different colors, forms and textures. This heliconias have particularities that confer acceptation and adequacy to landscape design, allowing the landscape professionals to diversify plant specifications. / Recentemente o uso das helicônias como flores de corte, despertou o interesse da utilização de novas espécies no paisagismo que, além de oferecer beleza e exotismo ao jardim, segue a tendência atual de projetos paisagísticos com plantas nativas. O gênero Heliconia, pertencente à família Heliconiaceae, apresenta inflorescências com cores vibrantes, que variam entre as cores amarelo, laranja, vermelho e rosa, conferindo exoticidade e caracterizando-as como plantas de jardins tropicais. Embora existam cerca de 182 espécies de helicônias, poucas são utilizadas como plantas ornamentais e indicadas por profissionais da área de arquitetura e paisagismo. Isso acontece devido ao reduzido conhecimento das características individuais das espécies. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar características ornamentais de genótipos do gênero Heliconia, cultivados a pleno sol, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008, como também associá-las a aplicações paisagísticas. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Coleção de Germoplasma de Helicônias da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), através de estudos das características qualitativas e quantitativas relacionadas a touceiras e inflorescências dos genótipos. Com exceção cv. Red Opol, as cultivares e os híbridos interespecíficos de Heliconia psittacorum apresentaram pequeno porte (altura inferior a 1,51 metros) e por isso podem ser utilizadas em maciços. As inflorescências de H. collinsiana, H. rostrata e H. foreroi permaneceram na touceira por mais de 78 dias, mantendo o conjunto florido por longo período, característica importante para o paisagismo. A espécie H. bihai apresentou difícil visualização das inflorescências, acúmulo de água nas brácteas, atração a insetos e odor desagradável. O Experimento conduzido em janeiro de 2007 a julho de 2008 permitiu o acompanhamento mais detalhado da Heliconia x nickeriensis. As touceiras deste genótipo foram consideradas de pequeno porte, com desenvolvimento rápido e hábito de crescimento aberto. A área de ocupação da touceira chegou 5,14 m2, 18 meses após o plantio (MAP), evidenciando a necessidade de um grande espaço para o desenvolvimento desta. A emissão de perfilhos na parte interna da touceira permitiu uma completa cobertura do solo. As folhas verde-escuras contrastam com as inflorescências amarelo-laranja, que são facilmente visualizadas acima de sua folhagem. O período de floração começou 9 (MAP), atingindo uma emissão de mais de 17 inflorescências por touceira por mês, até os 17 MAP. As inflorescências mantiveram a qualidade nas touceiras por mais de 25 dias após a emissão. Este genótipo representa uma boa opção para uso isolado, para cobertura de grandes áreas, ou agrupados com outras plantas ornamentais para criação de composições com diferentes cores, formas e texturas. Estas helicônias apresentaram particularidades que lhes permitem o uso no paisagismo, de modo diversificado a partir de suas diferentes formas, portes e cores nos projetos paisagísticos.

This diploma thesis deals with the formulation of tourism development strategy for ZOO Chleby. After an evaluation of importance of zoos in the Czech Republic, the theoretical part follows, relating mainly to the issue of marketing of tourism services. The work also focuses on a comprehensive analysis of external and internal environment of ZOO Chleby, especially on the evaluation of competition and importance within the tourist area of Polabí. The key part of the analysis is represented by a marketing research containing two surveys among potential and existing visitors of the zoo. The final section is devoted to the formulation of particular parts of the development strategy, including instruments of the marketing mix and design of specific measures for the director of ZOO Chleby.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2002 - Vinicius Vitoi Silva.pdf: 1054315 bytes, checksum: 51a5727d70f7700de341d0a3b25059da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-03-22 / This study was carried out under field conditions at the Agroecological Integrated Production System (AIPS) to chose the best option of cover crop to much the soil suface for broccoli organic managed in no-tillagem systems. The experiment was set in a randomized blocks design with four treatments during two years in the same field location. In the first year the treatment used was, sorghum; millet; sum hemp and weeds as control. In the second year was replaced to a misture sum hamp and sorghum to optimize the benefits of utilization of legume. The cover crop was cut and left in the soil surface as mulch to provide a thick residue that release nutrients and suppress growth of weeds and prove a best environment to broccoli development. This study included evaluation relating with biomas production, concentration and accumulation of nutrients at cover crop; decomposition rates and nutrients released at straws; weed community before and after cover crop was cut; broccoli marketable production and nutrients concentration at index leaves of broccoli. Sorghum; millet; sum hemp and sorghum plus sum hemp mixture production of straw was plus than 7,0 Mg ha-1 dry mass and proved a good much with the slowest decompositions rates. The decomposition rate and nutrient release rate was fast in weeds and slower in grass than legume. The mixture grass-legume has a intermediate rate whem is compared with sorghum and sun hemp monoculture. Legume accumulation plus Ca and grass plus K and P. The faster nutrient releases from mulch was K and the lowest was Ca, while N, P and Mg was variable among treatments. Legume grass mixture can improve quality of mulch because they have different root ability to nutrient up take. The straws of sorghum, millet, sum hemp and sorghum plus sum hemp mixture restring weed growth and show that is possible to reduce additional control measures. The index leaves of broccoli was able to show differences in nutrients up take only to K at the first year, when it was higher in broccoli planted in millet and sorghum residues, but at the second year N and P was higher in leaves of broccoli planted in sum hemp and mixture of sorghum plus sum hemp residue. At the broccoli marketable yield was better in cover crop than weeds. In the second year the mixture grass-legume effect in broccoli growth was similar to legume alone. / Foi conduzido um estudo de campo no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) com o objetivo de identificar a melhor op??o de planta de cobertura para produ??o de Br?colos (Brassica oleraceae L., var. italica) em Sistema Plantio Direto. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es e quatro tratamentos e utilizado a mesma localiza??o no campo durante os dois anos. No primeiro experimento os tratamentos foram sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e vegeta??o espont?nea como testemunha. No segundo experimento o tratamento com milheto foi substitu?do pelo cons?rcio entre sorgo e crotal?ria para otimizar o benef?cio da leguminosa. A cultura de cobertura foi cortada e deixada na superf?cie para forma a espessa camada de palha que libera nutriente, impede o crescimento de ervas e proporciona melhora ambiente para o crescimento do br?colo. O estudo incluiu a avalia??o da produ??o de fitomassa, teor e acumula??o de nutrientes nas plantas de cobertura; taxas de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da palhada; comunidade de plantas espont?neas antes e ap?s o corte das plantas de cobertura; produ??o comercial de br?colos e o teor de nutrientes na folha ?ndice do br?colos. Sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e cons?rcio produziram acima de 7,0 Mg ha-1 de mat?ria seca proporcionando boa cobertura do solo cujas taxas de decomposi??o foram mais lentas. A decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes foi mais r?pida na vegeta??o espont?nea que nas gram?neas e leguminosa. O cons?rcio entre sorgo e crotal?ria apresentou taxa de decomposi??o intermedi?ria entre os valores observados nos tratamentos sorgo e crotal?ria solteiros, mas a libera??o de nutriente foi semelhante. A leguminosa acumulou maiores quantidades de N e Ca enquanto as gram?neas mais K e P. O nutriente K apresentou a maior velocidade de libera??o e Ca a menor velocidade de libera??o em todos tratamentos, enquanto N, P e Mg variaram entre tratamentos. O cons?rcio entre gram?nea e leguminosa melhora a qualidade da palhada devido a diferen?as na absor??o de nutrientes. A palhada de sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e o cons?rcio crotal?ria e sorgo restringiram o estabelecimento de plantas espont?neas mostrando a viabilidade de reduzir a intensidade e freq??ncia de capinas. A folha ?ndice do br?colos identificou diferen?a na absor??o de nutrienntes apenas para o K no primeiro ano, quando foi maior no br?colos cultivado sobre res?duos de milheto e sorgo. No segundo ano o teor de N e P na folha ?ndice foi maior no br?colos cultivado sobre res?duos de crotal?ria e do cons?rcio. No primeiro ano todas as plantas de cobertura proporcionaram produ??o comercial de br?colos superior em rela??o ao controle com plantas espont?neas. No segundo ano o efeito dos res?duos de crotal?ria + sorgo proporcionou produ??o comercial semelhante ao melhor resultado que foi obtida sobre res?duos de crotal?ria solteira.

A presente pesquisa aponta para a relação entre o ensino de Geografia e os espaços públicos, mediados pelo trabalho de campo. É possível construir competências no Jardim Botânico, através da Geografia, ou não? A delimitação analítica escolhe como estudo de caso o Jardim Botânico de Porto Alegre, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O trabalho está ancorado, metodologicamente, no Paradigma da Complexidade, através da Pesquisa Qualitativa. Buscou-se inicialmente a compreensão de qual a representação que o Jardim Botânico carrega entre professores de Geografia. O Jardim Botânico é elemento do todo Espaço Geográfico, de modo que se apresenta como um conjunto solidário, contraditório e inseparável de objetos e ações. A compreensão do todo depende das partes, e estas da totalidade. Ciente de tal postulado, o trabalho apresenta um conjunto de atividades pedagógicas, elaboradas com o amparo das teorias do Ensino de Geografia e da Pedagogia Social Crítica, mediadas pela Epistemologia Genética. A compreensão dessas atividades é realizada através da construção de trabalhos de campo com alunos de Ensino Médio, matriculados na Rede Pública Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa aponta a necessidade da construção, na escola, de um pensamento reflexivo, voltado à cidadania, compreendendo os alunos enquanto sujeitos históricos no processo de mudança da sociedade. O trabalho de campo é uma aproximação com a realidade, demonstrando que tudo está ligado a tudo, e é através do que o aluno tem de disponível que o ensino e a aprendizagem têm significado e maior possibilidade de serem construídos com efetividade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho de campo se posiciona enquanto elemento de desafio sobre os sujeitos, pressionando-os a agir no Espaço Geográfico de maneira competente. / Fieldwork represents a vital instrument for understanding our world through direct experience, for gathering data about it, and as a fundamental method for fomenting geographical education. The investigation of the relationship between Geography teaching and public spaces by fieldworks is the issue of this research. Moreover, constructing competencies in Botanical Garden through Geography is possible or not? Thus, we conduct a case study in a Botanical Garden located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. Our methodology is based on the Paradigm of Complexity and Qualitative Research. Our first goal is the comprehension of the representations that Botanical Garden brings on Geography teachers. From that, we propose a set of pedagogical activities supported by Geography teaching theories and Critical Pedagogy related to the Genetic Epistemology. Outdoor learning is the basis of the pedagogical activities developed with public High School students. This work indicates the necessity of constructing a reflexive thought in the school oriented to citizenship considering students as subject in changing society processes. Fieldworks allow an approach to reality showing that everything is connected to everything. Exploring student previous knowledge is the major source of meaningful teaching and learning possibilities. Thence, fieldwork represents a challenge element on the subjects pressing them to act on Geographical Space in a competent way.

Ce travail de thèse de psychologie est issu d’une collaboration entre le Groupe de recherche sur les communications du laboratoire InterPsy de l’Université de Lorraine et le CHRU de Nancy. Il a pour objectif principal de circonscrire les vertus d'étayage psychologique de l'art chez des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer lors de promenades accompagnées dans un à jardin à visée thérapeutique, aménagé de références régionales naturelles et culturelles. Les conversations entre un sujet Alzheimer et une expérimentatrice lors de plusieurs promenades dans le jardin ont été soumises à une analyse pragmatico-dialogique afin d'explorer en profondeur l'expérience vécue par le sujet et d’établir les relations scientifiques entre jardin, art, mémoires, jugements artistiques et émotions. Les investigations ont été complétées à l’aide d’une évaluation neuropsychologique standard et des outils psychométriques. Les capacités à s’inscrire dans le contexte temporo-spatial, les processus thymiques, les jugements esthétiques dans le domaine de l’art et du design et les processus cognitifs liés à la reconnaissance d’œuvres artistiques sont étudiés tout au long de leur participation. Les principaux résultats sont que l’utilisation répétée du jardin, dans une relation sociale médiatisée par la conversation, favorise un apprentissage de la reconnaissance d’œuvres de formes d’art et de design spécifiques. Les promenades dans le jardin contribuent à l’acquisition de nouveaux souvenirs personnels sans impacter les préférences artistiques qui restent stables chez les sujets Alzheimer comme chez les Témoins. / This doctorate of psychology thesis work is the result of a collaboration between the Research Group on Communications of the InterPsy Laboratory of the University of Lorraine and the University Hospital (CHRU) of Nancy. Its main objective is to delineate the psychological scaffolding virtues of artwork in patients with Alzheimer's disease during accompanied walks in a healing garden adorned with regional natural and cultural references. In order to study these scaffolding virtues, conversations between a participant and an experimentalist during several walks in this garden were subjected to a pragmatic-dialogical analysis (Batt & Trognon, 2012, Trognon & Batt, 2007) allowing an in-depth exploration of the perceived experiences of the subject and establishing the scientific relationships between garden, art, memories, artistic judgments and emotions. The investigations were supplemented by psychometric tools of thymic evaluation, of aesthetic judgment (the beauty criteria and appreciations) and cognitive processing (recall of artworks of the garden). The principal results are that the repeated use of the garden, in the setting of a social relationship mediated by conversation, favours learning of the recognition of specific art forms and design. The walks in the garden and the interactions with art, contribute to he acquisition of new personal memories without impacting the artistic preferences which remain stable in both Alzheimer's disease patients and control subjects

Orientador: Maria Solange Gurgel de Castro Fontes / Resumo: O jardim vertical é todo sistema que permite o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da vegetação em superfícies verticalizadas. A parede viva é o tipo de jardim vertical que demanda maior tecnologia de produção e instalação e o seu modelo “parede viva contínua” é constituída por camadas (perfis metálicos, placas estruturantes, feltro, substrato e vegetação) que junto com uma cavidade de ar existente entre o jardim e a edificação funciona como uma proteção contra radiação solar incidente. A influência térmica da parede viva ocorre pela ação de quatro mecanismos que atuam em conjunto: sombreamento, isolamento térmico, barreira de vento e resfriamento evapotranspirativo. O mecanismo de sombreamento ocorre pela ação do sistema de jardim vertical que sombreia a superfície da parede e impede a incidência solar direta, sendo um dos mais importantes na influência térmica do jardim. Além disso, por meio do mecanismo evapotranspirativo, o jardim também influencia o microclima do seu entorno imediato. Assim, o presente projeto objetivou identificar o impacto de um jardim vertical de tipologia “parede viva contínua” na redução das temperaturas superficiais de uma parede e nos microclimas do seu entorno imediato (temperatura do ar, umidade absoluta e temperatura radiante média), em diferentes condições de tempo. Para isso, foi construída um jardim experimental, com delimitação de uma parcela controle. Os resultados mostraram influência significativa do jardim sobre as temperaturas superficiais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The vertical garden is any system that allows the growth and development of vegetation on vertical surfaces. The living wall is the typology of vertical garden that demands the most production and installation technology and its “continuous living wall” model consists of layers (metal profiles, structural plates, felt, substrate and vegetation) that together with an air cavity between the garden and the building acts as a protection against solar radiation. The thermal influence of the living wall occurs through the action of four mechanisms that act together: shading, thermal insulation, wind barrier and evapotranspiration cooling. The shading mechanism occurs by the action of the vertical garden system that shades the wall surface and prevents direct sunlight, being one of the most important in the thermal influence of the vertical garden. In addition, through the evapotranspiration mechanism, the vertical garden also influences the microclimate of its immediate surroundings. Thus, the present project aimed to identify the impact of a vertical garden of “continuous living wall” typology in the reduction of the surface temperatures of a wall and in the microclimates of its immediate surroundings (air temperature, absolute humidity and average radiant temperature), in different weather conditions. For this, an experimental garden was built, with delimitation of a control plot. The results showed a significant influence of the vertical garden on the surface temperatures and th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

ABSTRACT This study was designed to characterize the choices, preferences and motivations of fruit and vegetable gardeners in Vermont, and to determine whether socio-demographic characteristics affect some of these choices, preferences and motivations. Using a survey of Vermont Extension Master Gardeners (EMGs), data were gathered over a 3-year period (2011-2013). The findings show most EMGs (>90%) garden in private home gardens, and the most popular vegetables grown were tomatoes, herbs, and salad greens. Beans, cucumbers and peppers sere also popular and among fruits, blueberries, apples, raspberries and strawberries were grown by over 40% of EMGs. Approximately 10% of EMG gardeners who had vegetable/herb gardens did not grow any fruit or berries, and EMGs who did not garden at all (10%) cited lack of gardening space and time as their main constraints. Vermont EMGs are concentrated around urban centers, however, their distribution is approximately proportional to the general population across the state. By age, over 40% are in their 50s, and in over 60% of households, females are make most of the gardening decisions and do most of the gardening work. Over 70% of the Vermont EMGs are college-educated, and live in households with incomes above $50,000. The most important motivations for gardening were ‘Having a Taste of Homegrown Fresh’ produce (ratings above 4.5/5) and ‘Fun/Relaxation/Hobby.’ Gardeners considered ‘Food Safety’ and ‘Environmental Concerns’ as important, while ‘Saving Money’ was not rated as highly as a motivation. EMGs prefer local plants and products and prefer to buy at local garden centers/supply stores. Over 70% rely on ‘Books,’ the ‘Internet,’ ‘Extension,’ ‘Friends’ and ‘Print Articles’ for gardening information, while videos and television are relied on by less than 10% of EMGs. In all regression models estimated, demographic characteristics (age, education, gender of the gardening decision-maker, and annual household income) were found to have limited explanatory power (R2 ≤ 0.1) on EMGs’ decision to garden, or the choice/motivation for where to purchase plants and gardening supplies. This finding suggests that Vermont EMGs may be an environmentally significant group whose motivations, preferences and choices might be better explained by their attitudinal and value norms rather than socio-demographic characteristics. This finding suggest that future research and educational programs should be designed and delivered according to these characteristics rather than the commonly used demographic ones.