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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Realidade da olimpíada colegial do estado de São Paulo (OCESP) em relação ao discurso presente na educação física acerca da competição escolar = estudo da região leste de Campinas / Reality of the olympics collegiate of the state of São Paulo (OCESP) in relation to this discourse in physical education on the school competition : a study of the eastern region of Campinas

Carone Soares, Fernanda 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Paulo Cesar Montagner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaroneSoares_Fernanda_M.pdf: 18987549 bytes, checksum: fcdd6d9dd9e6ccd5d83784e184b545ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Tendo como tema de pesquisa a Olimpíada Colegial da Rede Estadual de Ensino do Estado de São Paulo: estudo da Região Leste de Campinas, tem-se como proposta apresentar discussões e realidades encontradas nos diferentes documentos gerados pela investigação e arquivos da última década sobre o assunto. Alguns questionamentos surgiram durante o percurso de sistematização do conteúdo do estudo: qual o comprometimento dos organizadores para que se cumpram os objetivos definidos para esses jogos? Quem são os personagens que vivenciam e colaboram nos jogos para que permaneçam vivos e qual a realidade encontrada nos jogos? A pesquisa atentou ao fato de como a Olimpíada Colegial vem sendo realizada e qual a sua influência na Educação Física da Rede Estadual de Ensino. Considerando as relações que envolvem as diferentes abordagens da Educação Física escolar e a competição esportiva e visando construir um referencial teórico de sustentação para tratamento desse tema, apresentaremos reflexões sobre esses dois assuntos. Nos objetivos, fazer um levantamento da Realidade da OCESP mediante documentos, arquivos, estudos e opinião de participantes e analisar sua relação com o discurso presente na Educação Física Escolar acerca da competição na região Leste da cidade de Campinas. Ressalta-se que a partir da análise da trajetória da Olimpíada Colegial, pretende-se discutir e refletir sobre sua organização, envolvimento nas aulas de Educação Física escolar e prática pedagógica, caracterizando a relevância da competição esportiva escolar e a intervenção do profissional de Educação Física nesse processo. Como plano metodológico, a proposta da pesquisa está assim delineada: (1) pesquisa documental nos registros existentes na Diretoria de Ensino Leste de Campinas e (2) utilização da metodologia da pesquisa de campo com personagens que vivenciam os torneios colegiais visando buscar as diferenças entre os discursos e a realidade da OCESP. Quanto aos documentos, o que encontramos nos arquivos foram resultados de jogos, regulamentos dos torneios (regras, sistema de disputa entre outros), dados quantitativos do número de alunos, modalidades oferecidas e escolas participantes. A obtenção e análise os dados foram relacionados ao referencial teórico deste estudo e com as entrevistas realizadas através dos questionários com envolvidos nesses eventos, possibilitaram uma discussão teórica e inferências mais aprofundadas sobre o caso da Olimpíada Colegial em Campinas. / Abstract: This essay has as a subject a research about the Public High School Olympics (HSO) in the city of Campinas in the State of São Paulo. The proposal of this essay is to present discussions and realities found in several documents and files of the last decade about this theme. Some issues have arisen during the systematization of the content of the study: What is the commitment of the organizers to fulfill the objectives defined for these games? Who are the people that participate and collaborate to the HSO in other to remain alive that experience and what is the reality found in these games? This search will look at how the HSO has been expressing itself and how it influences on the physical education of Public High Schools. Considering the relations involving the different approaches of physical education and school sports competition, and in order to build a theoretical support for solving problems on this issue, we present reflections on these two subjects. As objectives, building theoretical connections from studies, thesis and documents about the school games, school competition and opinions collected through questionnaires filled by the participants in the city of Campinas. From the analysis of the High School Olympics trajectory, we intent to discuss and reflect on their organization, historic process, involvement in school physical education classes and pedagogical practice, characterizing the relevance of school sports competition and professional intervention in this process of physical education. As a methodological plan, the research proposal is thus outlined: (1) documental search on the East Campinas Educational Directory records and (2) the use of field research methodology of people that participated on the process of the High School tournaments to fetch the differences between the words and the reality of OCESP. In relation to the documents what we have found in the files were results of games, tournament regulations (rules, systems of dispute between others), quantitative data on the number of students, offering modalities and participating schools. The data collection and analysis were related to theoretical referential of this study and with interviews through questionnaires answered by the people involved in these events, enable a theoretical discussion and further inferences about the case of High School Olympics in Campinas. / Mestrado / Ciencia do Desporto / Mestre em Educação Física
142

O estado da arte das publicações sobre as olimpíadas de ciências no Brasil / State of the art of publications on the science olympics in Brazil

Silva, R. C. 29 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T18:16:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato Cândido da Silva - 2016.pdf: 1422530 bytes, checksum: e64bff592dc4003c79a52011c548baf7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-08-29T18:16:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato Cândido da Silva - 2016.pdf: 1422530 bytes, checksum: e64bff592dc4003c79a52011c548baf7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T18:16:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Renato Cândido da Silva - 2016.pdf: 1422530 bytes, checksum: e64bff592dc4003c79a52011c548baf7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Science Olympics emerged in the countries of Eastern Europe with the interest that they could compose a group of people through their intellectual capabilities auxiliassem, in developing countries and contribute to their economic and professional growth. Worldwide, these Scientific Olympics started from the end of the twentieth century and were well spread with this statement purpose. This study aims to investigate and analyze the academic production expressed in articles, dissertations and theses produced in Brazil from 2000 to 2014, regarding the Olympics in order to study and understand the configuration of this field of education in Brazil. Methodologically, it is assumed the investigation as the type state of the art within the qualitative approach, seeking the research material that is available on the CAPES portal, digital libraries of Brazilian programs of graduate and magazines. The realization of this gender studies, and seek to identify and analyze the issues usually raised in type studies state of the art in education aims to understand what has been researching this area as a basic requirement for a better understanding of educational settings gravitating around this field, given that, since federal funding, the Olympics have become present in the daily life of our country. It also seeks to show that they contribute or not to improve the Brazilian educational system. As search results, include a total of seven articles, six dissertations and thesis, which consists in the research analysis objects. The analysis of these works can be understood that the Olympics can help: as evaluation parameters; as elements of innovation and motivation; for disclosure issues using technology in education. This shows that there is in the academic community of Science in Education area a thought regarding the Scientific Olympics. The observed results indicate the need for further studies that problematize theoretical questions and reflections that they can get from their relationship with the formal education. / As Olimpíadas de Ciências surgiram nos países da Europa Oriental com o interesse de que elas pudessem compor um grupo de pessoas que através das suas capacidades intelectuais auxiliassem, no desenvolvimento dos países e contribuíssem com o seu crescimento econômico e profissional. No mundo, estas Olimpíadas Científicas iniciaram a partir do final do século XX e foram bem difundidas com esse propósito enunciado. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e analisar a produção acadêmica expressa nos artigos, dissertações e teses, produzidas no Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2014, com relação as Olimpíadas de forma a estudar e compreender a configuração deste campo da Educação no Brasil. Metodologicamente, assume-se a investigação como sendo do tipo estado da arte dentro da abordagem qualitativa, buscando-se o material de pesquisa que está disponível no portal da CAPES, em bibliotecas digitais de programas brasileiros de pós-graduação e revistas. A realização de estudos desse gênero, além de buscar identificar e analisar os aspectos geralmente suscitados nos estudos do tipo estado da arte na área educacional pretende compreender o que se tem pesquisado sobre essa área como requisito básico para um melhor entendimento dos contextos educativos que gravitam em torno desse campo, haja vista que, dado o financiamento federal, as Olimpíadas tornaram-se presentes no cotidiano de nosso país. Busca também evidenciar de que forma contribuem ou não para a melhoria do sistema educacional brasileiro. Como resultados da busca, destacam-se um total de sete artigos, seis dissertações e uma tese, que se compõe em objetos de análise da pesquisa. Da análise destes trabalhos pode-se entender que as Olimpíadas podem contribuir: como parâmetros de avaliação; como elementos de inovação e motivação; para divulgação de questões usando a tecnologia em educação. Isto mostra que não existe na comunidade acadêmica da área de Educação em Ciências um pensamento único com relação às Olimpíadas Científicas. Os resultados observados apontam a necessidade de outros estudos que problematizem questões teóricas e os reflexos que estes podem ter a partir de suas relações com o ensino formal.
143

Percepção de ameaça terrorista nos jogos olímpicos: um estudo de caso sobre a cidade-sede São Paulo nas Olimpíadas Rio 2016 / Perception of terrorist threat in the Olympic games: a case study on the city of São Paulo in the Rio 2016 Olympics

Alexandre Rodrigues de Sousa 28 September 2017 (has links)
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a percepção de ameaça terrorista em São Paulo, no contexto dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram caracterizar a percepção da população de São Paulo em relação à ameaça terrorista e dimensionar a efetividade do programa governamental de sensibilização contra ameaça terrorista concebido em proveito da segurança durante os jogos olímpicos. Ao longo de seis meses, de fevereiro a julho de 2016, o autor integrou a equipe do programa e participou da capacitação de 4.287 (quatro mil duzentos e oitenta e sete) profissionais dos setores de turismo, segurança pública e defesa. A pesquisa adota o método do estudo de caso e a base de dados é composta por 1.109 (um mil cento e nove) formulários de pesquisa. Com base em 13 (treze) características do terrorismo extraídas das obras de Alex Schmid, David Rapoport e Martha Crenshaw, o pesquisador investiga a percepção de ameaça terrorista no grupo amostral, obtendo como resultado os seguintes elementos: fanatismo e/ou extremismo religioso (85,57%); violência física e/ou psicológica (62,23%); intimidação, medo e incerteza (60,90%); objetivos políticos (55,37%); uso das redes sociais (53,22%); planejamento (51,79%); estratégia (50,77%); indivíduos isolados (45,04%); grupos não estatais (37,56%); propaganda (36,34%); vítimas aleatoriamente escolhidas (35,41%); clandestinidade (33,98%); ação tática (17,60%). Quanto ao programa governamental de sensibilização contra ameaça terrorista, os resultados apontam um aumento de 34,31% (trinta e quatro vírgula trinta e um por cento) no índice de percepção dos concludentes do curso, indicando a efetividade do instrumento. / The object of this research is the perception of terrorist threat in São Paulo, in the context of the Olympic Games Rio 2016. The objectives of the research were to characterize the population\'s perception of the terrorist threat and to assess the effectiveness of the government\'s program of sensitization against terrorist threats designed to improve resilience during the Olympic Games. Over the course of six months, from February to July 2016, the author joined the program team and participated in the training of 4,287 ( four thousand two hundred and eighty-seven) professionals in the tourism, public security and defense sectors. The research adopts the case study method and the database is made up of 1,109 (one thousand one hundred and nine) research forms. Based on (13) thirteen characteristics of terrorism extracted from the works of Alex Schmid, David Rapoport and Martha Crenshaw, the researcher investigates the perception of terrorist threat in the sample group, resulting in the following elements: fanaticism and / or religious extremism (85 , 57%); physical and / or psychological violence (62.23%); intimidation, fear and uncertainty (60.90%); political objectives (55.37%); use of social networks (53.22%); planning (51.79%); strategy (50.77%); isolated individuals (45.04%); non-state groups (37.56%); advertising (36.34%); randomly selected victims (35.41%); clandestinely (33.98%); tactical action (17.60%). As for the government\'s program to raise awareness against terrorist threats, the results indicate a 34.31% (thirty-four point thirty-one percent) increase in the perception of the conclusive students of the course, indicating the effectiveness of the instrument.
144

Tradução e comentário à 13ª Olímpica de Píndaro / Translations and commentary to Pindar\'s Olympian 13th

Tiago Bentivoglio da Silva 12 November 2015 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma tradução e um comentário textual à 13ª Olímpica de Píndaro, com base nas mais recentes edições e trabalhos críticos acerca do poeta e do gênero desse poema, o epinício. Também foi composto um ensaio interpretativo que tenta abarcar os temas mais importantes da ode e relacioná-los com o todo da obra de Píndaro. As imagens do poema desenvolvem a contraposição entre medida e excesso, representada tanto nas referências mitológicas (Têmis e as Horas contra a Soberba e Insolência; Belerofonte encilhando Pégaso) quanto nas reflexões da primeira pessoa (que não deve exceder-se no elogio para não errar o alvo, assim como um arqueiro disparando suas flechas; nem deve tentar relatar todas as vitórias da família, pois são tão numerosas quanto os grãos de areia etc.). Em anexo, há a tradução dos escólios relativos a essa ode para permitir a consulta direta a essa fonte, que não se acha traduzida. / The objective of this study is to present a translation and a textual commentary of Pindar\'s Olympian 13, based on the most recent editions and critical works about the poet and the genre of this poem, the epinician. An interpretative essay was composed in order to cover the most important themes of this ode and articulate them with Pindar\'s other works. The poetical imagens of the poem develop the central theme, the opposition between measure and excess, represented by the mithological references (Themis and the Hours against the Excess and the Satiety; Bellerophon taming Pegasus etc.) and by the first-person\'s reflections on the laudatory art (the first-person should not exceed in praise in order to not miss the target, as an archer with his arrows; nor should try to enumerate all the victories of this family, for they are greater than the grains of sand from the sea). There is a translation of the scholia to this ode attached, allowing direct consultation, once there is no other version of this text.
145

The Olympic impact on hosting candidate countries

Duarte, Rafael Burjack Farias January 2011 (has links)
Submitted by Rafael Burjack (rburjack@fgvmail.br) on 2012-10-11T20:27:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 file_0_Tese.pdf: 550931 bytes, checksum: 38cf0263f5b9d60f39a3ea5ce971d077 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-10-24T18:12:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 file_0_Tese.pdf: 550931 bytes, checksum: 38cf0263f5b9d60f39a3ea5ce971d077 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-30T10:37:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 file_0_Tese.pdf: 550931 bytes, checksum: 38cf0263f5b9d60f39a3ea5ce971d077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / In this paper, we analyze the impact of hosting the Summer Olympics on macroeconomic aggregates such as GDP, consumption, government consumption and investments per capita. The data is in panel structure and includes the period of ten years before and ten years after the event containing the Olympic Summer Games between 1960 and 1996. The sample countries comprise only candidates to host the games. This sampling strategy allows us to estimate the average treatment effect consistently, because it is assumed that these countries are comparable to each other, including those that ultimately hosted the games. The impact of hosting the Olympic games is measured by Fixed Effect and First Difference regressions. Moreover, we do a structural break test developed by Andrews (1993) to identify if hosting the Olympic Games creates anticipation effects for demand changes that stimulate current GDP, consumption, government consumption and investments. The results indicate a positive effect of the Summer Olympics in all variables of interest. However, the distribution in time and anticipation of these effects is unclear in the tests, changing significantly depending on the model and the significance level used. / Neste artigo e analisado o impacto de sediar as Olimp adas de Ver~ao em agregados macroecon^omicos como PIB, consumo, gastos do governo e investimentos per capitas. Os dados utilizados est~ao em painel e cont^em o per odo entre dez anos antes e dez anos depois do evento contendo os Jogos Ol mpicos de Ver~ao entre 1960 e 1996. Os pa ses da amostra s~ao apenas os candidatos a sediar os jogos, essa estrat egia amostral permite estimar os efeitos m edios de tratamento de forma consistente, pois assume-se que esses pa ses s~ao compar aveis entre si. Para avaliar o impacto dos jogos e lan cado m~ao de t ecnicas em painel como o Efeito Fixo e a Primeira Diferen ca e, al em disso, faz-se um teste de quebra estrutural desenvolvido por Andrews (1993) entre os pa ses sede. Os resultados indicam um efeito positivo e robusto dos Jogos Ol mpicos de Ver~ao em todas as vari aveis de interesse. No entanto, a distribui c~ao no tempo e antecipa c~ao desses efeitos e amb gua nos testes mudando de forma signi cativa dependendo do modelo e n vel de signi c^ancia utilizados.
146

Histoire des sportives de haut niveau à Taïwan de la fin des années 1960 aux années 2010 : politique et représentations / History of women's elite sport in Taiwan from the late 1960s to the 2010s : politics and representation

Liu, Wulun 14 December 2017 (has links)
Taïwan est un territoire historiquement contesté, colonisé par différents régimes depuis le 17ème siècle. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale en 1945, Taïwan est dominé sous le KMT (Kuomintang, le Parti nationaliste chinois). Au cours de l'histoire du sport de Taïwan, les athlètes taïwanais ont été exclus du sport international à cause de facteurs politiques entre les deux Chines. Les origines du développement des sportives taïwanaises peuvent également être considérées comme le produit de facteur politique, pour remplacer l'absence des sportifs taïwanais dans l'arène international pendant les années 1960 et 1970. Cette recherche va entrer dans l'histoire du sport féminin d'élite à partir de l'apparition de la première sportive sur la scène mondiale, c'est aussi la période durant laquelle la Chine république à Taïwan, perd peu à peu ses alliés et son siège dans le domaine international. Nous voulons faire savoir le dévéloppement du sport de haut niveau pour les femmes à Taïwan, et essayons de dévoiler quel rôle elles ont joué, comment les événements politiques ont influencé le développement du sport et le sport féminin en particulier, comment les sportives ont pu influencer la politique et la société taïwanaise, et comment elles sont décrites et représentées dans la presse / Taiwan is a historically disputed territory, colonized by different regimes since the 17th century. After the Second World War in 1945, Taiwan was dominated by the KMT (Kuomintang, the Chinese Nationalist Party). In the history of Taiwan's sport, Taiwanese athletes have been excluded from international sport because of political issue between two Chinas. The origins of the development of women’s sports in Taiwan can also be seen as the product of political factors, which replace the absence of male athletes in the international field in the1960s and 1970s. This research will enter the history of women’s elite sport from the first appearance of sportswomen on the world stage, which is also the period that the republican China in Taiwan loses gradually its allies and its seat in the international field. We want to discover the development of sport for women in Taiwan, and try to reveal what role they have played, how political events have influenced the development of sport and women's sport in particular, how women’s sport have influenced politics and Taiwanese society, and how these sports women are described and represented in the press
147

Certainty through Flexibility: Intelligence and Paramilitarization in Canadian Public Order Policing

Cartier, Brad January 2012 (has links)
This case study explores public order policing at the Vancouver Olympics and G20 Summit in Toronto. The source material is drawn from media coverage of these events. These cases are analyzed using prior theoretical works in order policing in order to achieve two research goals: to discover which theory best explains police actions and the extent of and reasons explaining the involvement of other government agencies in securing protest events in Canada. Using pattern matching methodology, it was found that no one particular theory is best at explaining events at the two cases, rather components of various theories provided the most useful insight. The components of these theories that need to be amalgamated through analytic induction are: the use of intelligence functions; police flexibility; as well as paramilitarization tactics. Finally, it was found that there was a noticeable presence and integration of other government agencies involved in securing both events.
148

Developing a formula for the comparison of athletics performances across gender, age and event boundaries based on South African standards

Bekker, S. W. J. 01 1900 (has links)
M. Tech (Department of Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology. / The author addressed the need of parents, school teachers and athletic coaches to be able to assess the level of performance and to compare performances of individual athletes of either gender and in any age group. This was achieved by creating formulas for the following areas in track and field athletics: • Correctly set base standards for all events from the results of 5 year weighted average performances. • Use the base standards to determine comparative standards for all events in all age groups. • Define a function to compare male and female performances in all events. • For all events, generate tables with a range from 0 to 1000 as a comparative measurement. These formulae were created using data from international and national meetings. Different case studies were used for each of the areas and the results were evaluated using the data. In all four areas, it was possible to define hybrid functions with a confidence factor better than 99%. The final performance tables can be updated during revision periods (every 2 to 4 years) by using the national results for the last 5 years. These revisions will be required as implements, tracks and training methods change with time and this will then in turn influence the performances. This is evident from the continuous improvement of records in all events. These tables will not only assist coaches to improve training techniques but it will also facilitate team managers to improve team selections, and it will open the options of meeting organizers to arrange meetings using different formats. As this is a new and unique formulation for measuring performances at junior level in world athletics it can be used as a basis for future improvements in the field of comparative measurement for athletics. Using these tables at senior level it may assist to settle arguments of performance comparisons that are not addressed by the current tables used by the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF). It will also avoid the use of different tables for the same events in standard track and field athletics compared to those used for combined event competitions. The author of the tables used by the IAAF has recognised this work as a new and unique development. Future development will include the automatic update of all functions and creation of tables for publication from a standard Windows® based application. A companion application, using the results from this research, will be developed. This application will address all the administration functions required to conduct a meeting. It will include the preparation for the meeting, capturing of results during the meeting and result reporting after the meeting.
149

The Grand Tour

Hamrin, Kristoffer January 2021 (has links)
In my final architectural thesis I decided to travel through Italy for three months on a so called Grand tour to explore the rich history, culture & architecture. The Grand tour is also about finding my final thesis project by meeting and understanding certain  problems and issues that I encounter during the trip by speaking to locals.  The people we meet throughout the Grand Tour  decided every destination we go to next by signing our map. Where?San Sicario Bobsled CourseTurin, Winter Olympics 2006 The remains of the huge infrastructures and facilities that was built for the winter Olympics in Turin 2006 are left completely abandoned and are sitting as huge scare in the landscapes in the small village San sicario. The remaining structures are left completely without future plans and stand rotting. The Italian government deeming it is even too expensive to demolish. I am going to work to trying to redesign the olympic bobsled park that is located near San sicario. Is it possible to rethink and give the structures a new purpose? I redesigned and integrated a system of geodesic domes with a botanic garden and controlled climateall year around to facilitate a new work environment and living domes, a space where you could travel toand work digitally from.Since that alternative now is available and will remain after the pandemic is over. But also repurposingthe existing structures since they stand empty and still in fair condition.
150

The Values of Olympism in Conformance with Rule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter

Hack, Niklas Johannes January 2020 (has links)
The objective of this thesis is to illuminate and analyse how the values of Olympism are coherent with Rule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter.In order to carry out this assignment the Case Study is chosen as research design. The data are collected by a semi-systematic literature review, using secondary data and IOC policy documents. In the first part of the analysis the content of the continuously evolving narrative of Olympism is analysed using a thematic narrative analysis. The second part of the analysis aims at highlighting the role of Rule 50.2 in regard to the values of Olympism and builds upon the results of the previous analysis. Furthermore, it looks at the athletes’ position in this institutional structure, drawing upon the theoretical framework using the concept of power by Foucault (1980) and Giddens (1984). It is conducted using aspects of CDA which aids to point out the power relations defined by the Olympic Charter and expressed by Rule 50.2.1The narrative analysis concludes that the notion of Olympism is not a neutral term but subject to change according to geographic location, historic, socio-cultural and political background. The values of Olympism are currently in a contended state. They are being adopted in an increasing commercial context and discourse which is taking place around the Olympic Games. Multinational Corporations and external interests are gaining influence on the Olympic Movement, yet athletes are frequently denied the access to implement power.Rule 50.2 of the Olympic Charter, which prohibits athletes from demonstrating can be seen as a prime example of the ambiguities of the Olympic Movement. Which in the Olympic Charter claims the goal to improve human rights, and an apolitical character, but simultaneously denies its athletes the right of freedom of expression. Rule 50.2 and acting accordingly can be seen in relation to Foucault's (1980) “mechanics of power”, which makes visible how the dominant discourse of commercialisation is influencing the behavior of society and institutions. For athletes to gain more impact and power on the macro level, it is crucial to educate themselves and adopt a critical self-consciousness by applying Giddens (1984) notion of reflexive monitoring.

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