OBJETIVO: Desenvolver peças anatômicas que simulem uma condição real de ventriculomegalia para serem utilizadas como uma ferramenta no treinamento dos neurocirurgiões nas técnicas de neuroendoscopia e viabilizar estudo anatômico dos ventrículos. MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas vinte peças anatômicas de encéfalo de cadáveres de indigentes, com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em pesquisa da FMUSP sob o número 046/10. As peças foram retiradas da base do crânio com a persistência da superfície óssea (parte da calvária) para serem submetidas aos seguintes procedimentos: canulação do IV ventrículo por meio da abertura mediana do IV ventrículo (forame de Magendie); tomografias pré-experimento e injeção de água destilada no sistema ventricular. A água injetada estava à temperatura ambiente e os cérebros foram resfriados até 4º C e, após 12 horas, foram congelados a uma temperatura de 0º C (no estado sólido) por 24 horas. Esses procedimentos foram realizados na frequência de três vezes. Após o experimento, foram realizadas tomografias pós-experimento e procedimentos neuroendoscópicos ventriculares. Foram excluídos encéfalos com lesões traumáticas ou antecedentes de enfermidades transmissíveis. Não foram critérios de exclusão o sexo e a idade. Foram avaliadas, nas imagens tomográficas, a variação pré e pós-experimento dos seguintes parâmetros: coeficiente corno frontal/diâmetro interno; índice de Evan; e tamanho do corno temporal. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 13, para ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: A avaliação da relação Corno frontal/Diâmetro interno, antes e pós-experimento apresentou média de 11,98% e 19,46%, respectivamente. Estudo estatístico (t Student) mostrou diferença estatística (t= -5142, gl =19; p < 0,01). O Índice de Evan também apresentou diferença significativa (t = -5,172, gl = 9; p < 0,01) entre os resultados antes (média de 10,86%) e após experimento (média de 18,35%). A análise do tamanho do corno temporal mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos antes e depois do experimento (t = -2,297, gl = 9; p< 0,01), indicando que o tamanho mediano do Corno Temporal é maior após o experimento (média de 2,65cm). CONCLUSÕES: A exploração das características físico-químicas anômalas da molécula da água pode nos fornecer um bom mecanismo expansor de cavidades ventriculares para a indução de ventriculomegalia em uma peça anatômica de encéfalo, em que o endoscópio poderá ser introduzido pelas vias habituais, podendo, assim, realizar observação anatômica e simular o procedimento cirúrgico com a mesma sensibilidade tátil que irá encontrar no procedimento real / PURPOSE: To develop anatomical models which simulate real conditions of ventriculomegaly and to use them as tools to train neuroendoscopic techniques and allow the study of the ventricles. METHODS: A total of twenty brains, with the approval of the Ethics in Research Committee from FMUSP (046/10) were used to perform this research. The brains were separated from the skull base, but keeping part of the calvaria, and then underwent the following procedures: cannulation of the fourth ventricle through the median open of the fourth ventricle (foramen of Magendie); CT scans performed before the experiment; and then injection of distilled water into the ventricular system. The water was injected at room temperature, and then the brains were cooled to 4ºC. After 12 hours, they were then frozen at 0ºC for 24 hours.These procedures were repeated three times. After the experiment,CT scans were performed after the injections and neuroendoscopic procedures. Brains, which had traumatic injuries or history of infectious diseases, were excluded. Gender and age were not exclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 13, for both groups. To assess the variation of the frontal horn (FH)/internal diameter (ID) coefficient, such as Evan\'s index\'s variation, and to analyze the temporal horn (TH) size, thet-Student test was used. RESULTS: The results of the t-Student test showed that the FH/ID, with an average of 11.98% before the experiment, had significant difference (t = -5.142, gl = 19; p < 0.01) after the experiment, with an average of19.46%. The Evan\'s index also showed a significant difference (t = -5.172, gl = 9; p < 0,01) with an initial average of 10.86% and a final average of 18.35%. The analysis of the temporal horn size showed a significant difference between the size before and after the experiment (t = -2.297, gl = 9; p < 0.01), indicating the significant increase of the temporal horn (with an initial average of 0.02cm and a final average of 2.65cm). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the anomalous physical and chemical characteristics of water can provide us with a good expanding mechanism of the ventricular system, creating ventriculomegaly in anatomical models, allowing the endoscope to be introduced by the usual approaches, to perform anatomical observation, and to simulate a surgical procedure with the same sensitivity of a real procedure

Esta dissertação busca a compreensão sobre o orçamento participativo que se desenvolveu no município de São Carlos (SP) entre os anos de 2001 e 2012. O entendimento é direcionado ao que diz respeito às influências que o orçamento participativo exerceu e às relações que estabeleceu com outras formas de organizações sociais e participação política, no caso os conselhos de políticas públicas e as associações de moradores. A pesquisa baseou-se em uma descrição do município de São Carlos e do orçamento participativo em questão, em um levantamento da alteração no número de conselhos de políticas públicas e associações de moradores no município de São Carlos (SP) ao longo do tempo e no desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso na forma de análise de congruência. Para a efetivação desse tipo de estudo de caso foi necessária uma prévia pesquisa bibliográfica através da qual foi possível distinguir três modelos teóricos: Teoria da Aprendizagem Social, Crítica à Teoria Normativa da Sociedade Civil e Teoria da Estrutura de Oportunidade Política. Como estratégia para levar a cabo a pesquisa empírica foram realizadas entrevistas e análises documentais. As constatações apontam que o período de existência do OP em São Carlos (SP) foi acompanhado também por um aumento considerável de associações de moradores e conselhos de políticas públicas, comparado a outros períodos. Apesar de ser dotada de um grande aparato universitário e tecnológico, a cidade de São Carlos (SP) não apresenta ao longo de sua história uma cultura política que envolva relevantes ações associativas e de mobilização social. A partir dos instrumentos utilizados nessa pesquisa foi possível observar que o orçamento participativo tinha o intuito claro de promover outras formas de organizações participativas e de fortalecer as já existentes. Porém, os resultados alcançados parecem estar um pouco distantes desses objetivos. O aumento dos conselhos de políticas públicas e de associações de moradores, conforme as constatações, não estariam relacionados diretamente ao OP, que também apresentou dificuldades em se articular com essas e outras formas de organização e mobilização social. Apesar do orçamento participativo demonstrar ter promovido um processo educativo entre os envolvidos, certos interesses políticos mostraram-se na relações estabelecidas, os quais teriam sido determinantes nas ações de representantes do governo e da sociedade civil. / This dissertation seeks understanding the participatory budgeting that was developed in São Carlos (SP) between the years 2001 and 2012. The understanding is directed to regard the influences participatory budgeting has exercised, and the relationships it has established with other forms of social organizations and political participation, if the public policy councils and residents\' associations. The research was based on a description of the city of São Carlos and the participatory budgeting in question in a survey of the change in the number of public policy councils and residents associations in the city of São Carlos (SP) through time, and the development of a case study in the form of analysis congruence. For the realization of such case study was required prior literature through which it was possible to distinguish three theoretical models. The theoretical models are: Social Learning Theory, Critical Theory of Normative Theory of Civil Society and Political Opportunity Structure. As a strategy to conduct the empirical research interviews and documentary analysis were conducted. The findings indicate that the existence period of participatory budgeting in São Carlos (SP) was also accompanied by a substantial increase of residents\' associations and public policy councils, compared to other periods. Despite being endowed with a large university and technological apparatus, the city of São Carlos (SP) does not present throughout its history a political culture involving relevant associations and social mobilization actions. Based on the instruments used in this study it was observed that participatory budgeting had the clear purpose to promote other forms of participatory organizations and strengthen the existing ones. But the achievements seem to be slightly distant of these goals. The increase of public policy councils and residents associations, according with the findings, would not be directly related to participatory budgeting, which also presented difficulties to articulate with these and other forms of social organization and mobilization. Despite the participatory budgeting demonstrate that it promoted an educational process among those involved, the political interests appeared to be on the centrality of that relationship and have directed the actions of government officials and civil society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SOLANGE MESQUITA GOMES.pdf: 869498 bytes, checksum: 7c440bba6d385bc0d6882e3e8accd742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-12 / The Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System) - SUS, created by the Federal Constitution of 1988, is grounded in a set of doctrinal principles that guide health services in Brazil. Despite the advances directed for the strengthening of the SUS guidelines, health workers training constitutes one of the main challenges for the effectiveness of this universal system. The field of health education faces this dispute process, where the consequence is the difficulty of the relationship between the academy and the health service. It is in this context that the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Health of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Goiás (RMSHC) is established with the objective to be one of the possibilities of integration of teaching-service seeking the development of the professional skills necessary for the consolidation of the SUS. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the presence of skills and abilities for interdisciplinary work in scientific production, integrating the various specialties involved. Thus, this research presents a qualitative analysis of the course work conclusion of the RMSHC program graduates, focusing on the identification of the procedures described by the residents, due to this interdisciplinarity in the conduction of the cases. This is a descriptive research, developed through deductive logic, which evaluates the scientific-technical production of the RMSHC program, according to categories defined a priori: type of study, subject of study, methodology and interdisciplinarity. It was analyzed twenty course conclusion works of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Health of the Hospital of Goiania, produced in the year of 2012. The results presented allow to confirm that there is a little evidences about the Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity on the scientific production of the Multidisciplinary Residency Program of the Hospital das Clínicas, since only in 20% of the studied works the presence of inter or multidisciplinary in goal or methodology was verified. / O Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, criado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, está calcado em um conjunto de princípios doutrinários que orientam os serviços de saúde no Brasil. Apesar dos avanços direcionados para o fortalecimento das diretrizes do SUS, a formação dos trabalhadores de saúde, constitui-se em um dos principais desafios para a efetivação deste sistema universal. O campo do ensino em saúde enfrenta este processo de disputa, onde a consequência é a dificuldade da articulação entre academia e serviço de saúde. É neste contexto que o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (RMSHC) é criado como uma das possibilidades de integração ensino-serviço com vistas ao desenvolvimento de competências profissionais necessárias para a consolidação do SUS. O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar a presença das competências e habilidades para o trabalho interdisciplinar na produção científica, integrando as diversas especialidades envolvidas. Desta forma, esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise qualitativa dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso dos egressos do programa RMSHC, com foco na identificação dos procedimentos descritos pelos residentes, em face da interdisciplinaridade presente na condução dos casos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, onde é avaliada a produção técnico-científica do programa RMSHC, segundo categorias definidas a priori: tipo de estudo; tema de estudo; metodologia e interdisciplinaridade. Foram analisados 20 trabalhos de conclusão de curso do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde do Hospital das Clínicas de Goiânia, produzidos no ano de 2012. Os resultados apresentados permitem confirmar que existem poucas evidências acerca da Multidisciplinaridade e Interdisciplinaridade na produção científica do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional do Hospital das Clínicas, uma vez que em apenas 20% dos trabalhos verificou-se a presença da inter ou multidisciplinaridade no objetivo ou metodologia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisca Nescylene Fontenele.pdf: 4486981 bytes, checksum: dac92e72eff429272837e3650a94a24e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed to analyze the performance of the residents Indians, especially the leadership, over the power relations experienced in the captaincy of the Grand-Pará in the second half of the eighteenth century; our ambition is discern the interests enrolled it as well the strategies seek to conquer them, i. e., the strategies created to ensure their own objectives, articulating discuss, negotiating with the colonial authorities. In terms of performance and coexistent participation with other residents of colonial settlements, we interpret the actions of those as political acts, because we belive the ethnic groups whom were called "Indians" were always able and responsible for their cultural repertoire and experienced relations with other socities. In short, the presented text in the next pages is based on different types of documents: a part of the legislation produced at that time; correspondence between colonial authorities; the memory of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira; work of Jesuit Father John Daniel. In possession of all arranged documents, we can show the importance of the Principais (Authorities) as mediators of the colonization in the captaincy of the Grand-Pará in the middle of the eighteenth century; we still indicate in which way these persons are recognised by the legislation as main agents to the policy goals of colonization, moreover, we also could identify, in the actions of those persons, the construction of paraense cabocla society / Este trabalho visou analisar a atuação dos moradores índios, sobretudo a das lideranças, nas relações de poder vivenciadas na capitania do Grão-Pará da segunda metade do século XVIII; ambicionamos vislumbrar os interesses em jogo e o modo como procuravam conquistá-los, ou seja, as estratégias que criaram para garantir seus próprios objetivos, articulando discursos, negociando com as autoridades coloniais. Em termos de atuação e participação na convivência com os demais moradores das povoações coloniais, buscamos interpretar as ações daqueles sujeitos como atos políticos, haja vista que para nós, os grupos étnicos que foram denominados índios sempre se mostraram capazes e responsáveis pelo seu repertório cultural e pelas relações vivenciadas com outras sociedades. Para tanto, o trabalho que se apresenta nas próximas páginas ocupou-se com uma gama de documentos de tipos distintos: parte da legislação produzida na época; correspondência entre autoridades coloniais; memória de Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira; obra do jesuíta Padre João Daniel. De posse do conjunto documental apresentado, podemos mostrar a importância dos Principais como mediadores da colonização na capitania do Grão-Pará de meados do século XVIII; apontamos ainda a maneira segundo a qual estes sujeitos são reconhecidos pela legislação como agentes fundamentais para os objetivos da política colonizadora, além disso, identificamos também, nas ações daqueles sujeitos, a construção da sociedade paraense cabocla

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaFG.pdf: 2354279 bytes, checksum: 47db6f147e9f7dea16659630213c50d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-17 / The general purpose of the study was the analysis of residents' participation in the program of door-by-door collection of recyclable residuals in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Even though the conception of such program by municipal managers was basically aimed at providing job opportunities and income for the collectors, the main objective of the investigation was to verify whether residents' participation could be attributed to their environmental commitment. Data collection involved three municipal districts and was performed in three stages, with complementary methodological strategies (observation, questionnaire, and interview), and characterized by selfevaluation, by residents, and hetero-evaluation, by collectors. Social, demographic, situational/contextual, and dispositional data were identified to help in the analysis of residents' adherence to the program. Separating and delivering recyclable residuals was the most frequent type of residents' participation, which demonstrates their low level of appropriation of decisions related to the program, taking part on it as passive agents. Two forms of motivation towards participating in the program were found: environmental and social. Despite the first being more frequent, it was associated to lack of environmental awareness related to the process, which may very well imply a mere reproduction of pro-environmental discourse. Motivation towards social issues was strongly connected to philanthropic forms of help. Knowledge was revealed as na important predictor for participation, as well as social networks, formed by neighbors, relatives and friends. Despite the social emphasis in the design of the program, it is possible to conclude that some residents also perceive its environmental benefits, possibly as consequence of a knowledge originated outside the program. Initiatives of environmental education should be promoted in order to minimize the allegation of lack of knowledge as justification for non-participation. Similarly, actions to put together municipal management and population would be welcome, to promote joint decisions towards sustainable styles of life / O prop?sito deste estudo foi investigar a participa??o do morador no programa de coleta seletiva de lixo domiciliar na modalidade porta em porta existente em Natal-RN. Buscou-se compreender se essa participa??o ? decorr?ncia de compromisso pr?ambiental do morador, apesar de a concep??o do programa por seus gestores ter sido fortemente embasada na cria??o de trabalho e renda para os catadores. A coleta de dados envolveu tr?s bairros da cidade e foi realizada em tr?s etapas, de estrat?gias metodol?gicas complementares (observa??o, question?rio e entrevista), com destaque para a auto- e hetero-avalia??o realizadas, respectivamente, por moradores e catadores. Identificaram-se as condi??es s?cio-demogr?ficas, situacionais/contextuais e disposicionais que determinam a ades?o do morador ao programa. Verificou-se que a separa??o e entrega do material ? o tipo de participa??o mais freq?ente dos moradores no programa, o que demonstra que eles se apropriam pouco do processo decis?rio, participando de modo passivo. Existem duas motiva??es principais para a participa??o no programa: ambiental e social. Embora a primeira seja a mais freq?ente, constata-se pouca conscientiza??o ambiental associada ao processo, o que pode ser reflexo de uma mera reprodu??o do discurso pr?-ambiental vigente. A motiva??o por quest?es sociais se apresenta fortemente relacionada ? ajuda ao pr?ximo/filantropia. Conhecimento apresentou-se como um indicador importante para a participa??o, que tamb?m sofre influ?ncia das redes sociais, formadas por vizinhos, parentes e amigos. Pode-se concluir que, a despeito de o desenho do programa enfatizar o social, alguns moradores percebem tamb?m o benef?cio ambiental embutido, possivelmente como fruto de um conhecimento oriundo de fontes externas ao programa. Programas de educa??o ambiental, que minimizem o argumento do desconhecimento como justificativa para a n?o-participa??o, e a??es que aproximem gest?o municipal e popula??o deveriam ser promovidos, a fim de que se decida conjuntamente sobre as atividades que buscam a sustentabilidade

The killer whales that roam the northeastern Pacific Ocean have been the objects of studies since the 1970s, making them the most well-studied population of orcas in the world. Three distinct ecotypes of killer whales (Orcinus orca), known as residents, transients, and offshores, share these waters. The ecotypes are morphologically and behaviorally distinct to the extent that some scientists consider them separate species, with residents eating salmon, transients specializing on marine mammals, and offshores preferring Pacific sleeper sharks and Pacific halibut. Resident populations have endeared themselves to the region's locals with their striking black and white markings and their tendency to frolic in waters near the shore. However, both of the two resident populations on the coast of British Columbia and Washington State are at risk, with northern residents numbering some 300 and southern residents at just 74 individuals as of December 2018. Three deaths in the span of four months in spring and summer of 2018 brought widespread attention to the southern residents' plight. Live captures of killer whales for aquaria heavily impacted the population in the 1960s and 1970s, and today they face a combination of prey shortages, pollution, and disturbance from vessel traffic. If southern resident killer whales are to persist, federal, local, and state agencies need to quickly take mitigative action.

By 2040, 79.7 million older adults will live in the US, and nearly 40% will need nursing home services that are primarily funded by Medicare and Medicaid. Researchers have underscored the importance of leadership in quality healthcare care delivery, suggesting that nursing home administrator turnover could influence resident quality of life, causing ill-health for the residents and preventable medical costs for taxpayers. In spite of the suggested association, little research has specifically examined the role of administrator turnover on resident quality of life. As such, the purpose and central research questions of this case study were designed specifically to address the relationship between nursing home administrator turnover and resident quality of life. The Donabedian health services quality model was the framework for the study. Data were collected from 14 nursing homes, and included semistructured interview data with 7 nursing home administrators, and a review of other documents related to quality of care including site visit reports and surveys. An iterative process of coding and constant comparison was used to identify themes and categories from the data. The findings indicate that turnover likely caused an adverse impact on the nursing home overall, which was expected. The study also determined, however, that high turnover itself was not perceived to be associated to low resident quality of life. The implication for social change is that nursing home stakeholders may develop processes to retain competent administrators which in turn could reduce absent leadership presence in nursing homes. Consistent leadership presence may lead to improvement in quality of life regulatory compliance and reduction in unnecessary Medicare and Medicaid spending by nursing home residents.

<p>Vår åldrande befolkning har ett ökande behov av vårdande för att upprätthålla sitt välbefinnande. Kanske kan djur användas som en del av vårdandet för att främja boendes välbefinnande inom äldrevården. <strong>Bakgrund:</strong> Historiskt har djur oftast använts inom psykiatrin och då framförallt i vården av barn. Under 1990-talet började det bli vanligt att införa sällskapsdjur inom äldrevården och mycket forskning publicerades, som pekade på hälsofrämjande effekter av djurassisterat vårdande. <strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beskriva den inverkan djurassisterat vårdande kan ha på boendes välbefinnande inom äldrevården. <strong>Metod:</strong> En systematisk litteraturstudie genomfördes för att besvara syfte och frågeställning. Data samlades in både manuellt och genom databassökning. Endast vetenskapliga forskningsartiklar inkluderades och datamaterialet var både kvantitativt och kvalitativt. Datamaterialet analyserades för att identifiera kategorier. <strong>Resultat:</strong> Nio kategorier identifierades varav åtta beskriver hur djurs medverkan i vården främjat välbefinnande hos äldre. Den nionde kategorin beskriver på vilka sätt djuren orsakat uttryck för illabefinnande. <strong>Slutsats:</strong> Fördelarna med djurassisterat vårdande uppvägde nackdelarna med god marginal, vilket gör att författarna anser att examensarbetets resultat pekar på att djurassisterat vårdande kan användas i praktiken för att främja boendes välbefinnande inom äldrevården.</p> / <p>Our ageing population have an increasing need of caring to maintain their sense of well-being. Companion animals have the ability to listen without judging, they can offer friendship and make the elders feel needed. <strong>Background:</strong> Historically, animals have been used in the psychiatric setting and foremost when caring for children. During the 1990s, introduction of animals into the nursing home setting became common and a substantial amount of research was published, indicating health-promoting effects of animal-assisted caring. <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this exam paper was to describe the potential impact of animal-assisted caring on well-being of older adults in the nursing home setting. <strong>Method:</strong> A systematic review was conducted in response to the aim and study question. Data was collected both manually and by searching a database. Only research-based journal articles were included and both quantitative and qualitative data was retrieved. The data was analyzed to identify categories. <strong>Results:</strong> Nine categories were identified including eight categories describing how animal contribution led to promotion of well-being among the elderly. The ninth category describes the ways animal-assisted caring caused expressions of ill-being. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The benefits of animal-assisted caring outweighed the disadvantages by far, which led the authors to conclude that the results of this exam paper supports the implementation of animal-assisted caring in practice to promote well-being in elderly nursing home residents.</p>

休閒農業區係具備了豐富的農業生產與農村文化特色，以及在地獨特農業自然環境資源，開啟其自然、生態與景觀美學潛力，並帶動居民自我認同的理想型農業園區。然各地休閒農業區與鄰近都會型城市相距不遠，加上休憩機會密集下，勢必衝擊休閒農業區環境資源的保育。農業型生態旅遊之推動，亦兼顧農業生態保育及休閒觀光發展等雙重效益，惟如何在休閒農業區內提供更佳的旅遊方式，其先決條件在於地方居民對「生態旅遊」的認知與接受程度。因此，本研究擬針對此一問題加以探討。 　　本研究從居民面向切入，依據生態旅遊及認知與態度等理論之相關文獻探討，建立本研究居民之基本特性與生態旅遊認知與態度等變項間之架構，並以中壢市設籍居民為受訪對象，桃園縣中壢市大崙自然生態休閒農業區計劃案為研究範圍，探討地方居民對休閒農業區推動農業型生態旅遊之認知與態度，並分析不同屬性之居民對生態旅遊之認知與評價，以及其認知與態度間之差異與相關性，俾供政府於休閒農業區規劃政策中，注入生態旅遊活動模式之參考。本研究係採問卷調查方式進行，已回收有效問卷計300份。 　　經本研究實證分析結果發現： 　　休閒農業區亦適合發展成為農耕生態體驗與地方農業人文類之生態旅遊重地，並依受訪居民之問卷後瞭解，中壢居民對農業型生態旅遊之意涵與特性已有相當程度之認知，在接受態度上亦呈現正面與認同，故值得吾等儘早推廣與執行規劃。 　　基於不同基本資料與屬性之居民，對本研究生態旅遊意涵及特性之認知與反應態度間均有些許差異，經營與管理者實應針對不同屬性之中壢居民進行個別教育，並增加相關活動及資訊傳輸，籲請大眾於區內確實負起環境保育之重責大任來。 　　另外，中壢居民對於本研究之休閒農業區內推動生態旅遊之認知與接受態度各界面間是具有顯著相關性的，當認知面之效能愈高時，其反應評價之態度面亦呈現愈高，故印證兩者間具有正向預測作用，即居民透過宣導與教育亦愈能認同農業型生態旅遊涵義，必然能產生更積極與負責任之態度參與生態旅遊相關工作，進而共同努力提昇區內旅遊品質，朝永續性土地利用與精緻旅遊發展策略前進。 / Based on the trend of promoting ecotourism as well as the exploitation of an otherwise agricultural area, a study of the effects of converting an agricultural area into a recreational one and its conservation of environmental resources, along with the recognition and attitude of diversified residents in the area. 　　The subjects in this study were on those household-registered residents in Chung-li City of Tao-yung County. Residents in this area were involved in a questionnaire, being questioned about setting a recreational agricultural area in Da-lung Natural Ecosystem Resort Center of Chung-li City as a research field. This study collected opinions from diversified residents examines the recognition and attitude of local residents, analyzes their identification and evaluation about the ecotourism, and illustrates the correlation between recognition and attitude. From the findings, local residents recognize and identify with the ecosystem, accept the idea of pulling out the potential of the recreational arbitral area, and indicate positive attitude toward the utilization of the agricultural land as well. Nevertheless, the instillation of the significance of the ecotourism into the residents is necessary. By doing so, the significance of the conservation of environmental resources and the recognition of the exploitation of agricultural land will be highly accepted. 　　This study shows the value and feasibility of promoting and carrying out the ecotourism in Chung-li City. It also serves as a reference for the government to refine an ecotourism plan in transformational agricultural land and resources.

This study researches the past, present and future role of ports, specifically the Ports of Tampa and Hamburg linked to their cities. It examines the legal structures of port authorities which play a major role in their economic priorities and impact their cities’ social, environmental and cultural quality of life. From a humanistic perspective, one can look at a port as a place or space. By animating ports, they may provide “ fields of care” over time, and a home with character for the region’s residents. In this case, their success needs to transcend economics, adding qualitative attributes to the region, such as clean air, water, good working conditions, adequate housing, public transportation, recreational provisions, public waterfront access and more. The Port of Tampa’s corporate style and largely state controlled management team prioritized diversification. As a result, the port essentially remained a feeder port. It depends on shipping phosphate (a non renewable resource), fertilizer, scrap metal, petroleum and other general cargo commodities. The port serves main (hub) and container ports which are more lucrative and environmentally less challenging. The Port of Hamburg, on the other hand, controlled by an elected local Senate, became a container hub port early on, and planned its future accordingly. Tampa’s traditional housing around the port was dissected; shopping, service and recreational areas around Tampa’s city core deteriorated, when Interstates 275, 4 and the Cross Town Expressway were constructed. Suburbs in rural areas were developed with little regard for public transportation infrastructure, recreation facilities, and pedestrian and bike paths. Most of Tampa’s waterfront, owned by its Port Authority, is leased out and fenced off to the public access. Redeveloped expensive and mostly empty downtown gentrified residences face parking garages, oil tanks, phosphate stags and scrap yards. Much of Harbor Island, close to downtown, is gated and gentrified. The Port of Hamburg, in contrast to the Port of Tampa, redeveloped an uninhabited warehouse region of its Port, named it Hafen City, thereby adding 40 percent to the core of the city. This cohesive theme is in the process of providing jobs, housing, public waterfront access, shopping, green spaces, museums a concert hall, a theater and more. Light-rail, subways trams, buses, pedestrian and bike paths link the Hafen City to the traditional city center. Hamburg’s waterfront remains open to the public by law. A comparison of both port cities shows that the Port of Tampa’s largely state controlled corporate style management team prioritizes short term economic results over an extended future planning at the expense of the region’s social, cultural and environmental climate. The Port of Hamburg’s management team, installed by the locally elected Senate, promotes the City’s economic, social, cultural and environmental quality. The above findings, suggest that developments of ports and their cities under democratically elected governments may produce various qualitative outcomes depending on the demand and supply curve of their residents’ input.