Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Hidden War: the fiction of Boris Schnaiderman between the political and poetic aims to present the political features of an era and Boris Schnaiderman´s poetics, through his prose, along 220 pages in 19 chapters of Hidden War, which narrates, in the literary event, the experience of war. Hidden War is a work of fiction that comprises a lot of memory snippets from its author, in The Second World War and in the geographic space of Brazil and Italy. The narrative, which begins in 1944, when some Brazilians were summoned to war, has its denouement in Italy and it is finalized with the regress of soldiers to Brazil after defeating Hitler in Germany. This dissertation is organized in 3 chapters, as follows: Boris Schnaiderman an officer of words, in which themes concerning the researched author will be addressed; 2. Literature and War; 3. From wreckage to History, the fiction used to analyze the researched literary work. The pre and post textual context are included; and the post textual aspects are the conclusion and references. Boris Schnaiderman is one of the most cited and well-known translators of Russian in Brazil however his work is still underexplored in the academic universe, especially in the field of Literature. The researches that I found on my research, which refer this work, Hidden War, are, mostly, related to the field of History, and none of them is exclusively about this work itself, fact that does not make it impossible that some of his other work may have not been reached. / Guerra em surdina: a ficção de Boris Schnaiderman entre a política e a poética tem por objetivo apresentar a política de uma época e a poética de Boris Schnaiderman, por meio de sua prosa, ao longo de 220 páginas, em 19 capítulos, de Guerra em surdina, que narra, no eixo literário, uma vivência de guerra. Trata-se de uma obra de ficção, que leva muito de recorte memorial do autor, na Segunda Guerra Mundial, no espaço geográfico Brasil e Itália. A narrativa, que se inicia a partir de 1944, quando da convocação de alguns brasileiros para a guerra, tem seu desenvolvimento na Itália e é finalizada com o retorno dos combatentes ao Brasil, após a derrota da Alemanha, de Hitler. Esta dissertação está organizada em três capítulos, a saber: 1. Boris Schnaiderman um oficial das palavras, em que serão abordadas temáticas pertinentes ao autor em estudo; 2. A literatura e a guerra; 3. Dos escombros da história, a ficção, responsável pela análise da obra em estudo. Incluem-se, ainda, o pré e o pós-textual; este último trata da conclusão e das referências bibliográficas. Boris Schnaiderman é um dos mais conhecidos e mencionados tradutores da língua russa, no Brasil, no entanto sua obra ficcional ainda é pouco explorada no universo acadêmico, sobretudo, na área da Literatura. As pesquisas que encontrei em minhas buscas, que fazem referência à obra Guerra em surdina, estão, na maioria, direcionadas para a área de História; sendo que nenhuma delas é unicamente sobre a obra em si, o que não impossibilita a existência de alguma, que eu não tenha alcançado. / Mestre em Teoria Literária

Este trabalho procura investigar e interpretar alguns processos históricos marcantes do século passado e que possuem identidade própria e podem ser nomeados como capítulos. Tais capítulos constituem parte significativa da História do século XX e são responsáveis pela identidade histórica específica deste. Não se pretende aqui apresentar um trabalho baseado em fontes primárias nem defender novas e diferentes teses históricas. Esta é uma pesquisa centrada na análise bibliográfica que dialoga com sínteses e estudos monográficos sem uma preocupação maior do que a de elaborar instrumentos para o estudo introdutório da História do século XX. / This paper aims to investigate and interpret some striking historical processes of the last century, which have its own identity and can be named as chapters. These chapters constitute a significant part of the twentieth century history and they are responsible for its specific historical identity. We don´t intend to present an analysis centered on primary sources or defend new and different historical theses. This research is focused on literature review and dialogues with syntheses and monographic studies, so its main concern is to devise instruments for the introductory study of the history of the twentieth century.

Este trabalho procura investigar e interpretar alguns processos históricos marcantes do século passado e que possuem identidade própria e podem ser nomeados como capítulos. Tais capítulos constituem parte significativa da História do século XX e são responsáveis pela identidade histórica específica deste. Não se pretende aqui apresentar um trabalho baseado em fontes primárias nem defender novas e diferentes teses históricas. Esta é uma pesquisa centrada na análise bibliográfica que dialoga com sínteses e estudos monográficos sem uma preocupação maior do que a de elaborar instrumentos para o estudo introdutório da História do século XX. / This paper aims to investigate and interpret some striking historical processes of the last century, which have its own identity and can be named as chapters. These chapters constitute a significant part of the twentieth century history and they are responsible for its specific historical identity. We don´t intend to present an analysis centered on primary sources or defend new and different historical theses. This research is focused on literature review and dialogues with syntheses and monographic studies, so its main concern is to devise instruments for the introductory study of the history of the twentieth century.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CapaInara.pdf: 46923 bytes, checksum: 45d3c594226436a0e244e0807c359dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-13 / The subject that motivated this study is the social matter in Brazil when the ruling system in power was the regime known as the New State Estado Novo . For better understanding of this problem it becomes essential to recollect the historical evolution of this period from the end of the 1920s until the end of the New State, in 1945, which it is the period considered for this study. The laboring claims for better conditions of work, better wages and, therefore, for better conditions of life retrace the 1930 s, when the workers were treated, simply, as "a police matter". The concern towards the social issue started to move over after 1930 when Getúlio Vargas was made the new president of Brazil. Together, all Brazilian states assembled in order to build a political framework controlling the relations between the capital and the work. The political first concern was to cool off the social conflicts that were spreading, especially, in the great urban centers throughout the country. Therefore, the proceedings on the broaden objectives, that were to promote the development of the industry in the country, were guaranteed. Throughout the 1930 s decade, gradually, a set of working laws were standardized, and later on, in 1943, by the end of the New State, systematically organized in only one document, the Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT). Although the working laws had brought a few guarantees to the workers, there were some side effects that started to hinder the workers liberty of speech, fact that was understood by the government as necessary so that the industrialization process could actually take place. / O tema que motivou este estudo é a questão social trabalhista no Brasil, no período em que vigorou o Estado Novo. Para melhor compreensão desse problema, parte-se de uma releitura de sua evolução histórica, a partir do final da década de 1920, até o final do Estado Novo, 1945, período proposto para este estudo. As reivindicações operárias por melhores condições de trabalho, salários e, portanto, por melhores condições de vida, remontam a década de 1930, quando eram tratadas, simplesmente, como um caso de polícia . O tratamento da questão social começou a mudar a partir de 1930, com a ascensão de Getúlio Vargas à presidência. A montagem de todo um aparato estatal para regular as relações entre o capital e o trabalho, teve como preocupação primeira acalmar os conflitos de ordem social que se alastravam, especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos do país, afim de dar prosseguimento a objetivos mais amplos, como o de promover o desenvolvimento da indústria no país. Ao longo da década de 1930, gradativamente, foi sendo regulamentado todo um conjunto de leis trabalhistas que, mais tarde, em 1943, no final do Estado Novo, foram sistematicamente organizadas num único documento, a Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT). As leis trabalhistas trouxeram garantias reais aos trabalhadores, mas, em contrapartida, passaram a existir várias medidas que tolheram a liberdade de expressão dos trabalhadores, e que foram entendidas pelo governo como necessárias para que o processo de industrialização se materializasse.

O presente trabalho constitui-se de quatro partes principais, cada uma dedicada a um tópico. Na introdução serão ditos quais problemas foram levantados para estudo, de que forma eles serão abordados e quais objetivos se pretendem atingir. No capítulo I, será feita uma breve revisão da literatura que aborda aspectos históricos importantes para compreender o contexto de produção deste estudo. O segundo capítulo será dedicado à exposição da teoria escolhida para o trabalho. O próximo capítulo tece alguns comentários a respeito do tratamento dado ao material que engendrou a pesquisa. O quarto capítulo envolve a aplicação direta da teoria exposta anteriormente. Esta dissertação aplica a teoria linguística conhecida como Análise do Discurso (AD) de linha francesa para análise de artigos recolhidos no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo entre os anos de 1942 e 1948, período escolhido por ser historicamente delimitado pela Shoah e pela declaração de independência do Estado de Israel. / The present work is constituted of four main parts, each one dedicated to a topic. In the introduction, it will be told which problems were rose to the study, how they shall be approached and which objectives are expected to be reached. On chapter I, it will be done a brief review of the literature that approaches important historic aspects to comprehend the context of this works production. The next chapter makes some comments regarding the treatment given to the matter that engendered the research. The fourth chapter envolves the direct application of the theory previously exposed. This dissertation applies the linguistic theory known as Discourse Analysis (DA) from the french branch in order to analyse articles taken from the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo between the years of 1942 and 1948, a stage chosen for being delimited by the Shoah and the declaration of independence from the State of Israel.

De 1940 à 1944, durant l’occupation allemande de la France, le Ministère de l’Information (Direction générale de la Cinématographie nationale) et le Ministère allemand de la propagande ont tenté de mettre en place une industrie française du dessin animé. Même si la finalité était différente pour les deux organismes d’Etat, le dessin animé a bénéficié durant quatre années d’un réel régime de faveur de la part des gouvernements tant français que allemand. Volontarisme politique et soutien financier inédit se sont conjugués afin de proposer une nouvelle esthétique française du dessin animé qui se tiendrait éloignée du traditionnel cartoon américain : il s’agit alors de désaméricaniser le dessin animé et de promouvoir un art français. Une étude de la réception de cette nouvelle esthétique auprès du grand public, des journalistes et du gouvernement est enfin menée. / During the German occupation of France from 1940-1944, the Ministry of Information (Direction générale de la Cinématographie nationale) and the German Ministry of Propaganda tried to establish a French cartoon industry. Though the motivation was different for the respective state agencies, the cartoon enjoyed four years of support from both French and German governments. Political will and unprecedented financial support combined to offer a new aesthetic for French cartoons, distanced from the American tradition; the desire to create a uniquely French aesthetic represented an important challenge to the American monopoly on animation. The present study examines the reception of this new aesthetic by the general public, journalists and the government.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier le surréalisme bruxellois durant les années 1940, à travers le prisme de l’objet. Les termes d’héritage, de poncif, de génération, d’avant-garde et de scandale en façonnent le cadre. Le poids des événements historiques s’y fait continuellement ressentir. Particulièrement peu unifiées sur le plan politique et artistique, les années 1940 sont synonymes d’intenses turbulences pour le surréalisme, officiellement lancé en 1924. Les jeunes poètes qui entament leur parcours à cette époque sont pratiquement nés au même moment que le mouvement dans lequel ils s’insèrent. La rencontre entre ces surréalistes débutants et un mouvement ayant ses principaux coups d’éclat derrière lui crée une dynamique à laquelle l’énergie de ces années difficiles est en grande partie redevable. Divers phénomènes sont observés : la constitution d’une « deuxième génération » surréaliste, une interrogation sur la pertinence et les moyens d’action du mouvement, des modifications dans les relations avec les surréalistes parisiens. Enfin, l’instabilité politique force chaque membre du mouvement à repenser ses rapports au réel. L’utilisation de l’objet par les surréalistes est intimement liée à ces soubresauts continuels. Suivant un déroulement chronologique, la thèse aborde quatre épisodes de l’histoire du groupe surréaliste bruxellois durant cette décennie, en suivant plus particulièrement le parcours de Marcel Mariën, Christian Dotremont et René Magritte. Elle s’ouvre à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ; la deuxième partie est consacrée à l’Occupation. La troisième partie étudie l’année 1945 et en particulier une exposition organisée par René Magritte en décembre 1945 et janvier 1946, dans laquelle les objets sont présents en nombre. La quatrième partie se consacre aux dernières années de la décennie. Christian Dotremont quitte le surréalisme via la création du surréalisme-révolutionnaire et de Cobra avant de réaliser une exposition d’objets en été 1949. L'étude de cette décennie dans sa globalité permet plus largement de donner un éclairage inédit sur cette partie de l'histoire du surréalisme. / Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Children's book publishing was a part of the state-controlled system after 1945 and several movements can be recognised within it. The development and illustration requirements, changing during the 1950s and 1960s, can be mostly inferred from contemporary literature by writers Stehlíková and Holešovský, the Zlatý máj magazine or submissions to the 1972 Brno symposium exploring the relationship between literary text and its visual art interpretation. After outlining the principal relationships, this work focuses on a more detailed exploration of the illustrations by Mirko Hanák, whose work originated during the 1950s and 1960s before being terminated by a premature death in 1971. Hanák freed himself of the compulsory realism during the 1950s and chose a path towards symbolism, which helped him achieve a respected creative status in the 1960s. Hanák's talents chiefly manifested themselves in his wildlife illustrations for adventure books, where he employed the watercolour technique. He took inspiration from Chinese ink painting, with which he became familiarised thanks to the many exhibitions taking place in the context of the contemporary cultural exchange between Czechoslovakia and the People's Republic of China. Both working with the originals of Hanák's illustrations and a comparison between individual...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse perception of political and social changes by Catholic Marian communities under two authoritarian regimes, namely the Vichy regime in France and independent Slovak state. Both political entities emerged due to aggression by Nazi Germany during the Second World War. Both founded their traditionalist ideology on Christian values. The object of this study are two groups of clergy which were involved in Marian pilgrimage sites in French La Salette and Slovak Šaštín. Main sources, on which the study is based, are periodicals published by communities administering the pilgrimage sites. These are Annales de Notre-Dame de La Salette a Bulletin des Missionnaires de Notre-Dame de La Salette in case of France and Saleziánske zvesti in case of Slovakia. While analysing the text, the author focuses on the reflection of several basic themes - military conflict in Europe, demise of the previous regime and emergence of a new state. At the same time, the author describes the fundamental characteristics of the Marian cult at the time of its creation during the war. The concluding part offers an application of comparative perspective on the two case studies with the aim to indicate their similar and distinct characteristics. Keywords Catholic Church, Vichy France, Slovakia...

Rowland Kenney was a British propaganda agent operating in Norway during both the First World War and the Second World War. He has been forgotten by history but the re-discovery of his private collection of materials allows for an analysis of his work. Kenney was deeply involved in the development of propaganda policy and practice. In the First World War, his work in Norway resulted in thousands of pro-British articles appearing in the Norwegian press as well as the realignment of the Norwegian national news agency. In the interwar years, in spite of severe medical difficulties, Kenney continued to work within the field of propaganda, becoming instrumental in the establishment of the British Council. At the start of the Second World War, he returned again to Norway, but was forced to flee during the German invasion of April 1940. During the Second World War, Kenney became the Director of the Northern Section of the Foreign Division in the Ministry of Information where he continued to affect policy-creation and the development of propaganda. There is no doubt that Kenney was a key figure in this development. His professional network and his varied roles within the propaganda bureaucracy speak to his level of involvement, and his documented accomplishments even more so. Finally discovering Kenney's story and his impact illustrates vividly a few aspects of how the practice of propaganda mutated and changed between 1916 and 1942.