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published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the educational aspirations and future expectations of working class youth in an all-female Catholic high school. The ethnographic methods of primarily interviews and participant observation were used to discover the plans and the decision processes of approximately 21% of the senior class. Sixty girls were interviewed four weeks before graduation, as well as 20 teachers and administrators. Almost 100% of the sample (59) planned to attend college the following fall. While most institutions were competitive, only one planned to attend a most competitive, most selective institution, although several met the admissions requirements to do so. One-fourth of the sample planned to attend community colleges. The institution helped to facilitate the process of college entrance. However, many of the girls' decisions were determined before high school, and most were influenced by family members, most of whom had never attended a finished college. It was observed and reported by the girls that the all-female environment enhanced their educational experiences.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 H43 / Master of Science / Family Economics

This dissertation deals with pawning primarily from the perspective of the pawners. It utilises two samples from the ledgers of a municipal pawnshop in Borås in western Sweden, from 1922/23 and 1932/33. Its aim is to deal with the relation between the material and financial side of pawning as well as the causes behind pawning. One of the results of the study is that most pawn loans were very small, which means that pawning probably was connected to income insufficiency. It showed that weekly repeated pawning, which has been proposed in previous research as a common pattern, was nearly non-existent. Instead, most pawners were occasional customers at the pawnshop. It was shown that certain collateral (such as clothes and decorative objects) affected the length of the redemption time. This meant that pawners had the ability to redeem a pledge quickly – if they had a need for the item. However, at the same time, pawns could remain for a long time in the pawnshop, which indicates that repaying the loan was difficult for the pawner. Otherwise, they should have acted to minimise the interest they had to pay for the loan. For the pawner the payment of the loan likely meant foregoing much needed consumption in the present. According to this study, variability of income was a more important cause for pawning than the size of income. Pawn loans likely countered short-term variation in income or expenditures. However, it could not help against long-term unemployment. The study also investigated if pawning was affected by the life cycle, but found no clear relationship. The study showed that most of the customers at the pawnshop were male, which goes against most of the previous research. Another of the study’s result was that women’s pawning, but not men’s pawning, was connected to the presence of children in the household, and women had also more children than men did. Having many children had also an effect on women’s pawning, but not on men’s. The study considers that it seems like women pawned more due to family needs than men did.

Cette thèse examine le phénomène des company towns dans le Nord-Est du Brésil. La première partie retrace son développement historique de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle à la fin du XXe siècle, en examinant les aspects fondamentaux des dynamiques économiques et sociales du développement industriel de la région afin de comprendre les interconnexions entre les vicissitudes des company towns et leur base industrielle. En outre, elle analyse l’émergence de company towns articulée dans la construction des archétypes d’habitation ouvrière dans la région. Enfin, elle fournit une caractérisation du phénomène des company towns dans le Nord-est, en examinant son développement historique, dès les premières expériences de logement ouvrier établies par les premières manufactures du Brésil et la naissance des premières company towns à la fin du XIXe siècle, leur expansion pendant la première moitié du XXe siècle et leur déclin au cours de la crise de la base industrielle traditionnelle du Nord-Est vers la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. La deuxième partie de la thèse considère la présence des company towns dans le contexte actuel, c’est-à-dire le patrimoine de ce type particulier de logement ouvrier dans le but de comprendre les enjeux de leur patrimonialisation, en particulier par rapport aux attitudes, perceptions, connaissance et utilisation de ces espaces actuellement, à la lumière des approches avancées par le domaine du patrimoine industriel. / This research examines the phenomenon of company towns in the Northeast of Brazil. The first part of the thesis trace their historical development from the second half of the nineteenth century to the late twentieth century by examining the fundamental aspects of the region’s industrial development, with its economic and social dynamics, in an attempt to understand the interconnections between the vicissitudes of the company towns and their industrial base. Furthermore, it analyses the emergence of the company towns articulated within the social construction of the working-class home and of positive and negative dwelling archetypes in Northeastern Brazil. Finally, it provides a characterization of the company town phenomenon in the Northeast, looking into its historical development, examining the first housing experience established by Brazil’s early manufactories, the birth of the first company towns at the turn of the nineteenth century their expansion throughout the first half of the twentieth century and their decline during the crisis of the traditional Northeastern industrial base during the second half of the twentieth century. The second part of the thesis considers the presence of the company-induced settlements in the present-day context, that is, the heritage of this particular type of working-class dwelling. It represents an effort to understand the “enjeux” of their heritagization, and particularly the attitudes and perceptions towards, and knowledge and uses of the company town spaces by their present-day users, in light of the approaches advanced by the field of Industrial Heritage.

Nesta dissertação, analisamos as experiências de luta e de conflito desenvolvidos por um grupo da Ação Católica, a Juventude Operária Católica (JOC), entre os anos de 1954 a 1964 no município de Santo André, no ABC paulista. Observamos as relações daquele grupo com a hierarquia eclesiástica da diocese em que estavam inseridos e com outras organizações de operários com os quais se relacionavam. Aquele momento apresentava um cenário mundial onde a União Soviética, comunista, e os Estados Unidos da América, capitalista, mostravam-se como grandes potências e procuravam marcar suas influências sobre as demais nações do mundo. No Brasil visualizávamos a participação do capital internacional na indústria e a expansão das tensões sociais na cidade e no campo. A Igreja Católica, no afã de evitar a expansão do comunismo e de reafirmar seu poder de influência na sociedade, pautou-se na Doutrina Social Católica e arregimentou a ação social do laicato através do programa da Ação Católica. / In this search, we analyze the experiences of fight and conflict developed by a group of the Action Catholic, the Juventude Operária Católica (Catholic Laborers Youth, JOC), among the years 1954 to 1964, in the city of Santo Andre, on ABC of São Paulo. We observed the relations of the group with the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the diocese where they were inserted and with others organizations of laborers with which they related. That moment presented a world-wide scene where the Soviet Union, communist, and the United States of America, capitalist, revealed as great powers and looked for to mark its influences on the others nations of the world. In Brazil we visualized the participation of the international capital in the industry and the expansion of the social tensions in the city and the countryside. The Church Catholic, to prevent the expansion of the communism and to reaffirm its power of influence in the society, used the Social Doctrine Catholic and congregated the social action of the secular through the program of the Action Catholic

Cette étude repose sur l’observation de la mise en oeuvre, sous l’égide du Centre social de l’AMA (Association Montargoise d’Animation), d’un projet participatif dans une zone urbaine sensible.Après avoir rappelé les origines de la politique de la ville en France, et décrit les différents dispositifs qui la constituent, l’auteure analyse le déroulement de ce projet, dans lequel elle a joué un rôle de conseillère méthodologique. Elle montre comment les personnes qui ont choisi d’y participer sont parvenues à former un groupe de recherche en vue de réaliser une enquête sur la réussite scolaire, et comment elles ont su tirer partie des données recueillies pour aboutir à la rédaction d’un livret de 82 pages dans lequel elles exposent leurs conclusions.L’auteure montre enfin que la mise à distance de la réalité sociale qu’implique une démarche d’enquête a permis à ces personnes de surmonter les effets de la stigmatisation sociale dont elles se sentent les victimes pour assumer pleinement leur statut de citoyen.Loin de résulter de la transmission d’un savoir, ce changement d’attitude a été la conséquence du nouveau rôle qu’elles ont ainsi été amenées à jouer. En ce sens, une telle expérience relève de l’éducation populaire, c’est-à-dire d’un modèle d’éducation dans lequel l’enseignant accepte de partir, non pas de son propre savoir, mais de celui des « apprenants ». / This study is based on the observation of a citizen project that was implemented in an underprivileged area of Montargis, under the aegis of a « Social center » called AMA (Association Montargoise d’Animation).First, the author traces the origins of French urban policy, and describes its various administrative and operative levels. Then, she relates how some of the underprivileged citizens of this area joined the particular AMA project she has studied and in which she acted as a methodological consultant. She goes on describing how, together, they decided to conduct a survey with the aim of identifying factors which determine successful results at school, and how they wrote and published an 82 pages booklet in which they develop their findings. She makes it clear that she just recommended some research methods, without directly interfering in the survey itself.Finally, she shows that through the research they themselves conducted, the people involved in the project learned to take a step back from immediate social reality. This allowed them to overcome the effects of social stigmatization and to fully assume their citizen status. Far from submitting to transmitted knowledge, that change of attitude is an outcome of the new part they were induced to play in society. In that sense, such an experiment becomes an experience which belongs in the domain of people’s education (éducation populaire), that is to say a bottom-up education process in which teaching relies on learners’ knowledge instead of relying exclusively on teachers’ knowledge.

A narrativa sociológica que tentei construir sobre a Termomecanica (TM) partiu de uma retomada dos vários tons que compuseram a experiência de classe dos peões do ABC e a identidade operária combativa que daí resultou. Em seguida, me enveredei na desmontagem da teia simbólica do discurso paternalista que o patrão (Salvador Arena) articulou com vistas a bloquear o desenvolvimento de uma consciência de classe rebelde nos operários de sua fábrica, formatando-lhes, ao contrário, uma identidade resignada, leal ao patrão e à empresa. Após, procurei destacar como, apesar das estratégias de esterilização sindical empreendidas por Salvador Arena, o conflito fabril sempre foi latente. Neste ponto, a ideia foi dar voz àqueles que são cotidianamente obrigados a se calar, conferindo destaque à operários desconhecidos cujas vidas foram indelevelmente marcadas pela TM e por Salvador Arena. Por fim, tentei recuperar as tradições sociais que, num quadro socioeconômico e histórico específico, desembocaram no processo produtivo da Termomecanica e engendraram por meio da referida dominação simbólica paternalista o notável envolvimento do grupo operário, isto é, criaram o fator decisivo que permitiu à TM se colocar de forma singular diante dos concorrentes, dos demais empresários industriais e do Estado. / The sociological narrative about the Termomecanica factory (TM) that I tried to build were started with a reflection about the various aspects of the working class experience in the ABC and about the combative identity that was resulted of this experience. Afterwards, I aimed dismantling the web of symbolic ties which constitutes the patronizing speech of its founder (Salvador Arena), developed in order to hinder the establishment of a rebellious working class consciousness among his factorys workers, being able to create a subdued workers identity, loyal to their boss and company. Later, I tried to highlight the fact that the labor conflict has always been latent, in spite of Salvador Arenas strategies to make the trade unions impotent. At that point, my intention was to acknowledge the ones forcefully silenced, especially the anonymous workers who had TM and Salvador Arena printed in their lives. Finally, I tried to recover the social traditions that in a specific historical and socio-economic panorama culminate in Termomecanicas production process and engender through the patronizing symbolic domination mentioned above the remarkable workers\' engagement, creating a decisive factor to make the Salvador Arena\'s factory a case unique faced with the competitors, the others enterprises and the State.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David_Tadeu_Morettini.pdf: 919575 bytes, checksum: 0b639a4e13c60123a3f36765e2bc8613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-12 / Skills and competency based pay systems were developed as an alternative way of establishing employees' salaries in companies that underwent major changes in their organic structure and that perform in a changing and competitive environment. This work had the objective to assess the degree of employees' satisfaction to this new way of rewarding their contributions to organizational results. The study started with the contextualization of the remuneration systems, in inside and outside organizational environment. Then, it was based on theories and researches in organic structure, employees' work satisfaction, traditional application systems and skills and competency pay system in the arrangement of wages. The question raised in the study was Skills and competency based pay systems are instruments really effective for establishinging the employees' salaries?. This question was accomplished through the exploratory research with people that work in companies that use the skills and competency based pay systems. The choice of people was intentional and was made based on the Snow ball practice. The research was made with communication boarding and collected data though auto-administrate surveys. The research measurement used a scale with two extremes: completely agree and completely disagree to the constructs. The results are submitted demonstrating people agreement percentage with the constructs that determine the satisfaction or dissatisfaction degree on the skills and competency - based pay systems. To a better understand enjoy the research results, the constructs answered by participants were classified in: (a) system's concepts and theoretical basis; (b) system's objectives and its links with the organizational strategy; (c) system's management principles and; (d) system's perceived equity. These categories were valid to indentify the causes of skills and competency - based pay systems satisfaction or dissatisfaction. / Os sistemas de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias s??o formas alternativas de se estabelecer a remunera????o de funcion??rios em empresas que passaram por mudan??as em sua estrutura organizacional e que competem em um ambiente inst??vel e competitivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o grau de satisfa????o dos funcion??rios em rela????o a estas novas formas de recompensar suas contribui????es aos resultados organizacionais. O estudo teve in??cio com a contextualiza????o do sistema de apoio denominado remunera????o nos ambientes intra e interorganizacional. Depois, procurou apresentar as teorias e pesquisas realizadas no campo da estrutura organizacional, da satisfa????o do funcion??rio em rela????o ao trabalho, da aplica????o de sistemas tradicionais de remunera????o e de sistemas de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias. A quest??o levantada com os dados secund??rios foi: Os sistemas de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias s??o instrumentos realmente eficazes para determinar o sal??rio dos funcion??rios?. Esta quest??o foi verificada atrav??s de uma pesquisa explorat??ria com pessoas que trabalham em organiza????es que utilizam o sistema de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias. A escolha dos participantes foi efetuada de forma aleat??ria atrav??s da utiliza????o da t??cnica denominada Bola de Neve. A pesquisa utilizou a abordagem de comunica????o e os dados foram coletados atrav??s de surveys auto-administradas. A mensura????o da pesquisa utilizou uma escala com dois extremos: total concord??ncia e total discord??ncia com as afirmativas. Os resultados s??o apresentados demonstrando o percentual de concord??ncia das pessoas em rela????o ??s afirmativas que determinam o grau de satisfa????o ou insatisfa????o sobre os sistemas de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias. Para compreender os resultados da pesquisa, as afirmativas respondidas pelos participantes foram categorizadas em: (a) conceituais sobre o sistema; (b) por objetivos - rela????o entre o sistema e a estrat??gia da organiza????o - ; (c) administrativas - como o sistema ?? gerenciado - e; (d) sobre a eq??idade percebida sobre o sistema. Esta categoriza????o permitiu saber as causas da satisfa????o ou insatisfa????o em rela????o aos sistemas de remunera????o por habilidades e compet??ncias.