La Prueba de Oficio, es una institución controvertida, que ha vuelto a cobrar especial importancia debido a la modificatoria del artículo 194º del Código Procesal Civil. Modificatoria, que ha generado que vea el artículo 22º de la Nueva Ley Procesal de Trabajo, con una mirada crítica, llegando a considerar que contiene una fórmula legislativa demasiado general. Es así, que el objetivo principal de esta trabajo de investigación, es determinar si la prueba de oficio en el proceso laboral, requiere una nueva fórmula legislativa, que incluya alguno de los límites de aplicación que establece el artículo 194º. Para ello analizaremos principalmente, la prueba de oficio a la luz de la modificación introducida por la Ley Nº 30293, la parte pertinente de la doctrina, el derecho comparado y el X Pleno Casatorio Civil de la Corte Suprema de la República. Tenemos gran interés en la prueba de oficio, debido a que muchas veces los trabajadores por razones económicas no logran ser representados por letrados de gran experiencia, circunstancia que resulta ser un claro reflejo de la notoria desigualdad en el binomio empleador-trabajador; razón por la cual es imprescindible contar con magistrados que sean verdaderos directores del proceso y que de ser el caso adviertan la necesidad de recurrir excepcionalmente a la prueba de oficio. Diez años después de la vigencia de la Ley N.º 29497 y sabiendo que actualmente el uso de la prueba de oficio tiene algunas debilidades, consideramos que necesitamos que el artículo 22º evolucione. / The main objective of this thesis is to determine if the evidence required by the judge in the labor process require a new legislative formula. We going to analyze the Law 30293, and the X Plenary Civil Casatorio of the Supreme Court of the Republic, issued last September. Currently, the right to evidence has gained special importance as a manifestation of the right of defense. Therefore, and bearing in mind that the right to prove is not, nor should it be, exclusively for the parties, we have analyzed the legislative formula of article 194 of the Civil Procedure Code in order to determine the convenience of these guidelines in the process regulated by law 29497. We are clear that the labor process contains a notorious inequality between the employer-worker binomial, for this reason, it´s essential to have magistrates who are true directors of the process and who, if necessary warn of the need to excepcionally resort to ex officio evidence. Ten years after the entry into force of Law No. 29497 and knowing that currently the use of the ex officio test has some weaknesses, we consider that we need Article 22 to evolve. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] Em um contexto de profundas transformações nas relações de trabalho causadas pela tecnologia, milhares de entregadores se movimentam pelas ruas brasileiras entregando comida e outros itens sob o comando de plataformas digitais. Essa modalidade de trabalho, em ascensão nos últimos anos, tem sido alvo do interesse de pesquisadores em função das peculiaridades que a caracterizam. Um aspecto relevante a ser estudado diz respeito ao controle sobre esse tipo de trabalho. Nesta direção, a presente dissertação buscou entender de que forma o controle exercido pelos aplicativos é percebido pelos trabalhadores de entrega por aplicativos em suas relações de trabalho e quais as suas formas de resistência. Para isso foi feita uma netnografia em redes sociais que analisou 21 grupos no Facebook com 136 postagens de entregadores, e foi criado um grupo, Conversas sobre o trabalho por aplicativos, para complementar a coleta de dados. Todo o material coletado foi analisado com base em análise temática. A teoria do processo de trabalho de Harry Braverman foi utilizada para entender como o controle se manifesta nessas relações trabalho, desde o controle técnico e burocrático até o controle normativo e neo-normativo, bem como nas transformações que a tecnologia tem criado nas relações de trabalho e no controle algorítmico sobre os trabalhadores, exercido pelas plataformas digitais de entrega de comida, operando no Brasil. Os principais achados da pesquisa indicam que, embora o trabalho de entregador tenha características claras de precarização e intensificação do trabalho, sua inserção no contexto brasileiro, marcado por desemprego sistêmico e estrutural, faz com que essa atividade seja considerada como uma opção melhor do que o trabalho formal, sendo considerada mais garantida e, até mesmo, pertencente a uma elite entre os precarizados. Além disso, a construção identitária dos entregadores, marcada por discursos de reforço de estereótipos de masculinidade, como o do homem provedor e pai de família, bem como discursos de empreendedorismo, de liberdade ressignificada, ao depender somente do esforço pessoal do indivíduo, mascaram os aspectos deletérios desse tipo de trabalho. Argumenta-se que esses fatores contribuem para a produção do consentimento e enfraquecimento das possibilidades de resistência, da representação sindical e da transformação da realidade dos entregadores frente aos aplicativos. / [en] In a context of deep changes in labor relations caused by technology, thousands of food-delivery worker move through Brazilian streets delivering food and other stuffs by digital platforms. This kinda of work, which has been increase in recent years, has been the target of interest by researchers due to the peculiarities that characterize it. A relevant aspect to be studied concerns the control over this type of work. In this direction, the present dissertation get to understand how the control by applications is perceive by food-delivery worker through applications in their work relationships and what are their forms of resistance. For this, a netnography was carried out on social networks that had analyzed 21 groups on Facebook with 136 posts from food-delivery worker, and a group was created, conversations about work through applications. All material collected was analyzed based on thematic analysis. Harry Braverman s labor process theory was used to understand how control manifests itself in these labor relationships, from technical and bureaucratic control to normative and neonormative control, as well as the transformations that technology has created in labor relationships. and in the algorithmic control over workers, exercised by digital food delivery platforms, operating in Brazil. The main findings of the research indicate that, although the delivery job has clear characteristics of precariousness and work intensification, its insertion in the Brazilian context, marked by systemic and structural unemployment, makes this activity to be considered a better option than the formal work, being considered more guaranteed and even belonging to an elite in the middle of the precariat. In addition, the identity construction of the food-delivery worker, marked by discourses that reinforce masculinity stereotypes, such as the provider and family man, as well as discourses of entrepreneurship, of resignified and guaranteed freedom, depending only on the individual s personal effort, mask the deleterious aspects of this type of work. It is argued that these factors contribute to the production of consent and weakening of the possibilities of resistance, union representation and the transformation of the delivery people s reality in front of the applications.

Since the introduction of Toyota's Production System, the deployment of lean production systems (or lean manufacturing), and more advanced technological developments, Participatory Management Practices (PMP) have been viewed as lying at the heart of successful manufacturing workplaces. Studies on technology and PMP have concluded that the state of technology in a company unequivocally shapes PMP and can open spaces to enhance the wellbeing of workers regardless of the PMP dynamics. However, these claims are contested by studies that question the positive effects from PMP. These studies argue that workplaces are organized in such a way that workers are viewed as mere resources to be deployed in the production process, without paying attention to their human morale and agency. This research presents a case study of a food plastics packaging firm that contextualizes, describes, and analyzes: 1) PMP from a Socio-technical Systems Theory (SST) perspective to further our understanding of the role of participative dynamics in the wellbeing of workers; and 2) the dynamics of control-resistance in the workplace as a measure of dignity at work in the context of power relations. This research provides a rich exploration of a workplace that is facing and managing the challenge of automation and technological development. Using an extended case study research method (Burawoy, 2009), data are collected by observing workers' daily interactions with a combination of technologies. These observations reveal the importance of team dynamics in the production process. The observed PMP dynamics show conflictive, competitive, and cooperative behaviors that are negotiated through continuous human-machine, machine-machine, and human-human interactions in the production process. However, management is found to be indifferent to the impact that a combination of technologies and lean production approaches have on participation dynamics. This indifference inhibits managers from embracing and appreciating the value of PMP. All the identified expressions of what technology and PMP mean to workers, and their dynamics, show an ongoing negotiating process. This process comes from all types of participation in which a worker struggles for dignity. The organizational structure of the firm expects workers to display specific types of participation in team efforts, but workers are also provided with opportunities to negotiate their interests or struggle for dignity by changing their type of participation in team activities. The work processes and findings described in this dissertation generally support the theory of Hodson (2001). Further, this research develops the concept of "combination of technologies," which can be used to help observe workers' understanding of technology and participative dynamics. The research also identifies various types of participation based on the interactions of workers in the technology process and how workers manage or safeguard their dignity based on their engagement with different types of participation in team-based situations or events. Finally, this research identified how participative engagement by workers can be used as a power mechanism to retain their dignity. / Doctor of Philosophy / Modern manufacturing production is based on the increasing use of technology and workers' participation in problem solving when it comes to the production system. These types of production systems are called Lean Production Systems. These systems stem from the philosophy of doing more with less and are viewed as lying at the heart of successful manufacturing workplaces. However, studies on technology and teams have concluded that not only does technology shape the dynamics of teams, but the practices and dynamics of workers in teams can open spaces to enhance human wellbeing. Even so, some studies question the positive effects of worker participation in teams based on Participatory Management Practices (PMP). These studies argue that workplaces are organized in such a way that workers are viewed as mere resources to be deployed in the production process, without paying attention to human morale and agency. This research is a case study of a rigid food plastics packaging firm that contextualizes, describes, and analyzes: (1) the participation of workers in PMP from the perspective that workers and technology have a social relationship with deep contextual meaning; and (2) a measure of human dignity in the context of power relations and how control and resistance are met in these spaces. This research provides a rich exploration of a workplace that is facing and managing the challenge of automation and technological development. Using an extended case study research method (Bloomfield, 1994 as cited in Burawoy, 2009, p. 154), data are collected from workers' daily interactions with a combination of technologies. The importance of how people participate in teams during the production process, was observed and acknowledged to enhance workers wellbeing. A range of dynamics were observed and defined as conflictive, competitive, or cooperative behavior that are negotiated through the continuous human-machine, machine-machine, and human-human interactions that occur during the production process. However, management is indifferent to and disregards the impact that technology has on worker participation in teams and is unconcerned with contrasting meanings of technology from workers, which means they are not paying attention to how these factors impact the use of technology and participation dynamics. All expressions of what technology and worker participation means show an ongoing negotiating process in which workers struggle for dignity. This research follows Hodson (2001) categories of struggle for dignity as a measure of self-worth. This research develops concepts that can be used to help observe workers' understanding of technology and participative dynamics, as well as identifies different types of participation by observing the interactions of workers in the technology process. This research identified how workers manage or safeguard their dignity based on their engagement with different types of participation observed during team-based situations or events. Finally, the research identified how workers' ability to change their interactions in teams is used as a power mechanism to retain their dignity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Araujo Bim.pdf: 404308 bytes, checksum: 9a8f1253b20feb21f490ad97e885935f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / The contemporary society craves a renowned justice, qualitative and which well serve as a guiding tool, capable of pointing the direction that the courts are waving in relation to each law. This study aims to see that this important social claim is achieved through case law in its different forms. In the specific context of the Labour Process, the research pointed out that the case-law itself does not represent an adequately way of making society feel comfortable enough about the rights they seek for. It is essential, however, to surround the court decisions by making it robust and, therefore, we have developed studies about the surrounded case-law by guiding principles, translated from its origin as well as sources and principles of legal certainty, the perfect juridical act and res judicata. We also tried to elaborate an analysis on the context of the case-law as a fundamental guarantee of the individuals who both seek to bring findings about the ways of Power between the Union s Advisory Bodies, especially the judiciary judicial branch from which emanates the decisions, those ones that are capable of bringing social peace to a particular historical and cultural context for a plaintiff firm in a democratic state of law / A sociedade contemporânea anseia por uma justiça célere, qualitativa e que sirva de instrumento norteador, capaz de apontar a direção que os Tribunais estão a acenar relativamente a cada Direito. O presente estudo visa constatar que este importante reclame social é atingido através da jurisprudência nas suas mais diferentes formas. No âmbito específico do Processo do Trabalho, aponta-se nesta pesquisa que, a jurisprudência sozinha, não representa uma forma cabal de fazer com que a sociedade se sinta confortável em relação aos direitos que almeja. É fundamental, porém cercar a decisões judiciais tornando-a robusta e, para isso, desenvolvemos estudos sobre a jurisprudência cercada de princípios norteadores, desde seu nascedouro assim traduzido como fontes e os princípios da segurança jurídica, do ato jurídico perfeito e da coisa julgada. Buscou-se também elaborar analise sobre a jurisprudência num contexto de garantia fundamental do indivíduo e, para tanto, procurou-se trazer constatações sobre as formas de Poder entre os Órgãos da União, principalmente do Poder Judiciário donde emanam as decisões, estas, capaz de trazer a paz social num determinado contexto histórico-cultural para uma reclamante sociedade pertencente a um Estado Democrático de Direito

Drawing upon case studies of three organisations operating six call centres in Australia, this thesis explores the manifestations and interplay of employee resistance and accommodation in response to five facets of employer control: electronic monitoring; repetitious work; emotional control; the built environment; and workplace flexibility. Accommodation refers to the ways workers protect themselves from and adapt to the pressures that make up their day-to-day experiences of work. Accommodation, unlike resistance, which implies opposition to control, may superficially resemble consent to control. I argue that resistance and accommodation are not polar opposites; rather they are both reflections of the conflict and tensions that lie at the heart of the employment relationship. At the study sites, employees utilised resistance and accommodation both separately and concurrently. An explanation of these seemingly contradictory responses and of the links among accommodation individual resistance and collective resistance lies in the concept of ???self???. In this thesis, ???self??? refers to workers??? perceptions of fairness, dignity and autonomy. I examine how these notions frame worker discontent and promote employee solidarity. ???Everyday resistance???, a concept first developed by Scott (1985) in relation to peasant struggles, is employed to highlight the existence of subterranean struggles in workplaces that otherwise appear to be harmonious. At the study sites, everyday resistance was a multi-faceted, widely employed strategy whose strength lay primarily in its immediate impact. There was, however, no necessary sequential development from accommodation, through everyday resistance to overt, formal forms of conflict. What was evident was that multiple responses to employer control could co-exist and inhibit or promote one another. But it was through organised collective resistance that more formalised gains were made and widely held grievances addressed. I suggest that, although everyday resistance may lay the groundwork for more formal struggles, one should not conclude that traditional collective resistance is ???genuine??? resistance and everyday resistance is simply a second-best prelude to it. Although conflict is always present, its intensity differs. If we are to understand the complexity of worker responses to managerial control, we need to expand the theoretical frameworks within which we analyse and interpret conflict.

本文書寫的七位都市阿美族營造業板模師傅的勞動生命故事，將帶領我們走入一趟勞動社會學之旅。這些受訪的新店區阿美族資深板模工人，主要來自花東平原或縱谷不同的部落。目前他們有些居住於新店國宅內，有些居住於河濱部落，有些散居於安坑地區。他們都是技術工人，從事營造業板模工作也都有二十個年頭以上。他們豐富的板模工作經驗及長時期待在此行業，不僅提供我們重新認識台灣建築工人勞動過程的自主性及日常生活樣貌，也從他們口述史中知道整個營造業產業的變遷風向。雖然他們以個案方式被呈現，但我們借助這些個案也試圖超越這些個案，嘗試從具體工人個案敘述，走向抽象工人的理論論述與剖析。 這是一趟勞動社會學之旅，但同時也是一趟勞動生命史之旅。本文採取田野調查、深度訪談與歷史文獻爬梳的方式，試圖去貼近被研究對象。他們的勞動與都市生活，其實是具體地鑲嵌於母文化及其社會關係之中。當越是深入田野貼近都市阿美族的工作經驗及其日常生活，筆者就越想瞭解下列的疑問：「都市阿美族建築業工班是如何運作的？」、「都市阿美族人其原來的勞動文化，如何被帶入工地勞動之中的？」、「台灣營造業的剝削與不公平問題，更勝於其他行業，但為何沒有建築工人走上街頭呢？其中製造甘願的機制為何呢？」、「都市阿美族建築工人的抗爭，如何展現及其限制為何？」最後還有「都市阿美族人建築工人團結文化如何可能？」這些大問號，將引導本文的思考與書寫的方向。 本文的章節安排，扼要說明如下。第一章〈導論〉，包括研究動機與目的、文獻回顧與評析、研究方法及章節安排之說明；第二章〈近代阿美族的社會歷史及其時代變遷〉，探討阿美族自荷西時代到日本殖民時代的社會變遷；第三章〈當代阿美族的西部都會地區移工、族裔社區與日常生活〉，則試圖描繪當代阿美族的社會變遷面貌，尤其考察都市阿美族的形成、社群網絡、自願團體、貨幣使用及其日常生活樣貌；第四章〈阿美族板模工個案生命史〉，正式進入七位男性都市阿美族板模師傅個案勞動生命史自傳的書寫；第五章〈都市阿美族營造業工班組織與勞動過程考察〉，將由這七位板模師傅的勞動經驗出發，並將其放在台灣營造業鋼筋混凝土工法引進百年歷史、戰後台灣營造業外包制度、工班運作及其生產政治中考察；第六章，〈戰後台灣工地文化、營造技術及其社會變遷〉，我們將聚焦在台灣特殊的工地文化、營造業去技術過程及建築工人的勞動自主性之課題；第七章〈工地「階級」關係、勞動過程與市場專制/關係主義〉，試圖建立在上述個案研究基礎之上，並超越個案的侷限，從事抽象的建築工人勞動過程的理論討論與剖析。其中，特別指出及論證台灣營造業之「市場專制與關係主義複合體組合」勞動體制特色；最後第八章〈結論〉，扼要說明本研究的若干研究發現。 / In this book, the hardworking life stories of seven urban Amis template workers in construction industry will lead us to a journey of sociology of labor. These interviewed senior Amis template workers who live in Sindian District, New Taipei City, mainly come from different tribes in Huatung Valley or Plain. They chose to settle down in Sindian District of New Taipei City. Some of them live in Sindian public housing, some live in riverbank tribes, and others live scattered in Ankeng. They are all skilled workers who have experience in making templates in construction industry for more than twenty years. With their extensive experience of making templates and stay in this industry for a long time, we not only rediscover the autonomy of labor and daily life of construction workers in Taiwan but also learn the transformation of the construction industry with their oral history. Although it is presented with cases, we attempt to transcend the cases, and with these cases, we try to discuss and analyze the cases from concrete labour cases to abstract labour theory. This is a journey of sociology of labor, and also a journey of history of labor life. With the methods of field work, depth interview, and historical references, the writer tries to get close to the subjects and finds that their labor and urban lives are concretely embedded to mother culture and social relations. The deeper the writer gets into the field and urban Amis’ working experience and daily life, the more the writer wants to solve the following questions: “How does the construction shift of urban Amis works?” “How did Amis’ original labor culture be brought to the construction labor?” “The exploitation and unfairness of labor in Taiwan construction industry are more serious than those of other industries, but why there aren’t social movement of construction workers in the streets? What is the mechanism of creating consent?” “How should we express and what is the limit of the fight of urban Amis construction workers?” “What is the possibility of unity culture of urban Amis construction workers?” These big questions will lead the way of this essay’s thought and direction of writing. The chapter arrangement of the essay are as follows: chapter 1, “Introduction,” including the motivation and purpose of the research, reviewing and analyzing the references, research methods, and the arrangement of chapters; chapter 2, “Recent social history of the Amis and the change of its time,” discussing the change of Amis society from European rule to Japanese colonial period; chapter 3, “Present Amis’ migrant workers in Taiwan’s western metropolitan areas, community, and daily life,” trying to describe the appearance of present Amis’ change of the society, especially inspecting the formation, community grid, volunteer group, usage of currency, and daily life of present Amis; chapter 4, “Individual life history of Amis template workers,” beginning to write the biography of the history of labor life of the seven urban Amis template workers; chapter 5, “Inspecting the construction industry work organization and labor process of urban Amis,” starting from the personal labor experience of these seven template workers, it investigate the history of hundreds of years of reinforced concrete technique in Taiwan construction industry, post-war outsourcing system in Taiwan, operation of working shifts, and production politics; chapter 6, “Post-war culture of construction site, construction techniques, and change of society in Taiwan,” focusing on the special culture of construction site, process of construction techniques, and the labor autonomy of constriction workers in Taiwan; chapter 7, “The ‘class’ relations of construction site, process of labor, and despotic marketism / relationalism,” trying to establish the above basics of mentioned individual case research, transcending the limitation of individual case, and conduct the abstract discussion and analysis on the theory of labor process of construction workers. It especially points out and demonstrates the features of labor regime of the complex of despotic marketism and relationalism in Taiwan construction industry; chapter 8, “Conclusion,” briefly elaborating the findings of the research.

本研究探討公部門清潔隊員工作特質，以及性別對於清潔隊員在工作職務分配和勞動過程的影響。研究者使用田野觀察和深度訪談進行資料蒐集，並以新北市樹林區的清潔隊中垃圾清運班、資源回收班和掃路工作三項職務者為觀察對象，分析著重於清潔隊員工作的性別職務隔離、勞動過程中表現出的技術與情緒勞動。主要研究發現與貢獻如下：（一）本研究指出清潔隊中存在著性別職務隔離現象，而形成職務隔離的原因除了性別，工作方式、工作可替代性與工作影響程度等三項因素也是形成職務隔離的原因；（二）清潔隊員工作環境處於開放式空間，且工作的進行主要是受到時間壓力的限制，因此清潔隊員執行工作所需之技術特質與所產生的勞動經驗，和傳統上在工廠工作的工人所處的工作環境及以提高生產產品數量為目的的勞動有所不同。本研究對於清潔隊工作技術與勞動的討論，突破了傳統勞動理論中對於「技術」的定義與想像；（三）本研究發現在清潔隊中職務比性別更會影響情緒勞動付出的多寡，雖然女性助手比男性司機需要付出更多情緒勞動，但是男性司機卻可以透過性別特質，幫助女性助手情緒勞動中不足之處。本研究的貢獻在於增加性別與勞動社會學討論的多元性，且可成為未來清潔隊相關工作社會學研究的基礎。 / This study explores the job characteristics of the janitorial service workers in the public sector and the gender influence on job distribution and the labor process therein. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were utilized for collecting data from those who worked in the Garbage Collecting Unit, the Resource Recycling Unit, and the Road Cleaning Unit of the Shu-Lin District Cleaning Team in New Taipei City. The major findings of this study are listed as follows: (1) The study illuminates the phenomenon of gendered occupational segregation among janitorial service workers. The study further finds that occupational segregation is not only shaped by gender but also by methods used for completing the tasks, substitutability of the individual who performs the job, and the degree in which the job may affect the overall outcome of the work unit. (2) The janitorial service workers work in an open space, and the pressure of work comes mainly from the time allocated to complete the tasks. The work environment as well as skills required for and the labor experiences generated from work are thus different from the traditional industrial workers working in factories whose goal is mainly to maximize the production output. The discussion in this study on skills and labor entailed in janitorial service work expands the horizon of traditional labor theories on the conceptualization and definition of "skill." (3) The study shows that job category is more important than gender in affecting the input of emotional labor in the janitorial service work. Female assistants are required to put in more emotional labor than male truck drivers, and male truck drivers can supplement the female workers' emotional labors by exercising the masculine characteristics. The results of this study may not only contribute to gender and labor studies by enriching the discussion on gender and work as well as the concept of skill, but also provide an importance foundation for future research on janitorial service work.

Drawing upon case studies of three organisations operating six call centres in Australia, this thesis explores the manifestations and interplay of employee resistance and accommodation in response to five facets of employer control: electronic monitoring; repetitious work; emotional control; the built environment; and workplace flexibility. Accommodation refers to the ways workers protect themselves from and adapt to the pressures that make up their day-to-day experiences of work. Accommodation, unlike resistance, which implies opposition to control, may superficially resemble consent to control. I argue that resistance and accommodation are not polar opposites; rather they are both reflections of the conflict and tensions that lie at the heart of the employment relationship. At the study sites, employees utilised resistance and accommodation both separately and concurrently. An explanation of these seemingly contradictory responses and of the links among accommodation individual resistance and collective resistance lies in the concept of ???self???. In this thesis, ???self??? refers to workers??? perceptions of fairness, dignity and autonomy. I examine how these notions frame worker discontent and promote employee solidarity. ???Everyday resistance???, a concept first developed by Scott (1985) in relation to peasant struggles, is employed to highlight the existence of subterranean struggles in workplaces that otherwise appear to be harmonious. At the study sites, everyday resistance was a multi-faceted, widely employed strategy whose strength lay primarily in its immediate impact. There was, however, no necessary sequential development from accommodation, through everyday resistance to overt, formal forms of conflict. What was evident was that multiple responses to employer control could co-exist and inhibit or promote one another. But it was through organised collective resistance that more formalised gains were made and widely held grievances addressed. I suggest that, although everyday resistance may lay the groundwork for more formal struggles, one should not conclude that traditional collective resistance is ???genuine??? resistance and everyday resistance is simply a second-best prelude to it. Although conflict is always present, its intensity differs. If we are to understand the complexity of worker responses to managerial control, we need to expand the theoretical frameworks within which we analyse and interpret conflict.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / O Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria - HUCF do município de Montes Claros (MG) implantou um Programa de Educação Permanente e Continuada - PEPEC, a ser operacionalizado em todos os seus setores clínicos e administrativos, a partir de agosto de 2007. Relatórios do Programa indicaram que muitos setores apresentaram dificuldades para implementar a educação permanente em saúde- EPS, principalmente aquelas ações voltadas para as equipes de enfermagem, dada a sua complexidade. A coordenação do Programa decidiu, então, focalizar as ações na equipe de enfermagem da clínica médica do Hospital, ala A , que foi identificada como a clínica piloto para desenvolvimento das ações de melhoria dos serviços. Entretanto, verificou-se que mesmo após a mudança de estratégia e concentração dos esforços na referida clínica, a participação da equipe de Enfermagem nas atividades do Programa permanecia baixa, mesmo quando desenvolvidas no horário de serviço. O relatório do PEPEC aponta como motivos para a baixa adesão dos servidores a sobrecarga de trabalho, desmotivação e resistência à mudança. Todavia, os motivos apontados constituem-se em inferências da equipe gestora da Enfermagem e, portanto, precisavam ser analisados adequadamente para subsidiar o planejamento de ações interventoras. Justificativa: A pesquisa se justificou pela possibilidade de ampliação da produção bibliográfica acerca do processo de EPS. Trará contribuições à comunidade acadêmica e sociedade em geral, uma vez que apresenta a análise de uma situação real de implantação e desenvolvimento de uma ação de EPS. Os resultados poderão, também, orientar as Escolas Técnicas do SUS na (re)construção dos seus currículos. Tais instituições são formadoras de trabalhadores da área de saúde, devendo se orientar nas diretrizes e políticas do Sistema, a fim de contribuir para sua consolidação e melhoria da qualidade dos serviços no SUS. Objetivo Geral: Analisar os fatores que contribuíram para a baixa adesão dos Técnicos em Enfermagem e Enfermeiros da clínica médica do Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria ao Programa de Educação Permanente e Continuada. Metodologia: Através da abordagem quanti-qualitativa, a pesquisa utilizou como instrumento de coleta: análise documental do Programa e três questionários com perguntas abertas e fechadas, sendo um dirigido aos Técnicos em Enfermagem da ala A da clínica médica, outro dirigido aos Enfermeiros da mesma clínica e um questionário para a equipe gestora da Enfermagem no HUCF. Conclusão: o Programa de Educação Permanente e Continuada da clínica médica do Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria foi elaborado e planejado em consonância com a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde. Suas diretrizes estão em conformidade com as principais discussões teóricas sobre EPS (que inclusive subsidiaram a Política). Entretanto, verificamos que, na prática, as ações desenvolvidas na clínica como ações de educação permanente apresentam características divergentes desse processo educativo, a saber: atividades focadas no repasse de informações e centralização na definição de temas a serem discutidos e da própria metodologia desenvolvida. Estas questões contribuem para a baixa adesão da equipe de Enfermagem ao Programa, vez que a forma como as ações são desenvolvidas não valoriza a experiência dos trabalhadores e não possibilita sua efetiva participação, tanto no planejamento quanto na sua realização propriamente dita. Acabam por não imprimir significado para a prática profissional, desestimulando o interesse dos profissionais no Programa, fazendo com que os mesmos priorizem outras atividades que não a educação permanente em saúde. Resultados: Elaboração coletiva com a equipe de Enfermagem da Clínica Médica do HUCF de uma proposta de fortalecimento das ações do PEPEC. / The University Hospital Clemente de Faria (HUCF), municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, has implemented a Program of Permanent and Continuing Education (PEPEC), expected to be operational in all its clinical and administrative sectors from August, 2007. PEPEC reports have indicated that several sectors have had difficulty in implementing permanent education in health (EPS), especially those actions directed to nursing staff, given their complexity. The coordination of the program then decided to focus the actions on the nursing staff of the wing “A” of the medical clinic of the Hospital, which was identified as the pilot for clinical development of actions to improve services. However, it was found that even after the change of strategy, the nursing team's participation in the Program activities remained low even when developed in the timetable. The PEPEC‟s report points as reasons for the low adherence of the servers the overload of work, low motivation and resistance to change. However, the reasons cited above are based on inferences of the nursing managing team and, therefore, needed to be properly analyzed to support the planning of intervention. Rationale: The research was justified by the possibility of extending the literature about the EPS process. It will bring contributions to the academic community and the society in general, since it presents the analysis of a real situation of implementation and development of an action of EPS. The results could also guide the SUS Technical Schools (ETSUS) (re)construction of their curricula. Such institutions are responsible for forming health workers and should be supported by guidelines and policies of the system in order to contribute to its consolidation and to improve the quality of services in SUS. General Objective: To analyze the factors that contributed to the low adherence of Nursing Technicians and Nurses from the medical clinic of University Hospital Clemente de Faria for the Program for Education Permanent and Continuing. Methodology: Through quantitative and qualitative approach, the survey used as collection tool the documentary analysis of the program and three questionnaires with open and closed questions, one addressed to the Nursing Technicians wing "A" medical clinic, another aimed at Nurses the same clinic and a questionnaire to the management team of Nursing in HUCF. Conclusion: The Program of Education Permanent and Continuing Medical Clinic, University Hospital Clemente de Faria was designed and planned in line with the National Policy on Permanent Education in Health. Its guidelines are in line with the main theoretical discussions of EPS, including those ones that subsidized the policy. However, we found that, in practice, the actions developed in clinical as permanent educational activities showed divergent characteristics from this educational process, namely: activities that focus on information transfer and that centralize the definition of topics to be discussed and developed according to methodology to be developed. These issues contribute to the low adherence of the Nursing staff to the program, since the way the actions are done do not value the worker‟s experience and do not allow their effective participation in both the planning and actions implementation Adding to this, these issues contribute to not meant for the professional practice, discouraging the interest of professionals in the program, causing them to prioritize activities other than permanent education in health. Results: Collective development, with the team of Nursing Medical Clinic HUCF, of a proposal for strengthening the shares of PEPEC.