This is a qualitative research that draws Gee‟s Discourse analysis to understand how learners communicate their mathematical reasoning in a multilingual classroom in South Africa. The study involved a Grade 11 class of 25 learners in a township school East of Johannesburg. The research method used was a case study. Data was collected using classroom observations, and document analysis. The study has shown that learners communicate their mathematics reasoning up to a certain level. The way learners communicated their mathematical reasoning depended on the activities that were given by the textbook being used in the classroom, and the questions which the teacher asked during the lessons. From the findings of the study, recommendations were made: the assessment of how learners communicate their mathematical reasoning should have a basis, say the curriculum. If the curriculum states the level of mathematical reasoning which the learners at Grade 11 must reach, then the teacher will have to probe the learners for higher reasoning; mathematics classroom textbooks should be designed to enable learners communicate their mathematical reasoning. The teacher should ask learners questions that require learners to communicate their mathematical reasoning.

Bakgrund: Äldre personer över 65 år är överrepresenterade i fallolyckor i Sverige. Som sjuksköterska i kommunal vård ställs det stora krav på ett fungerande fallförebyggande teamarbete, detta för att minska lidande för patienten och för kostnaderna för hälso- och sjukvården och samhället  Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever det fallförebyggande teamarbetet för den äldre personen i ordinärt boende i kommunal vård.  Metod: Empirisk kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Fokusgruppsintervjuer med nio sjuksköterskor som arbetade med vård av äldre inom kommunal vård, i en kommun i mellersta Sverige. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.  Resultat: Det behövs struktur i sjuksköterskans fallförebyggande arbete, behov av samarbete med rehab, baspersonal och områdeschefer inom hemtjänsten i kommunen. Organisationen och brist på otydligt ledarskap samt arbete under två olika lagar, SOL och HSL är ett hinder för ett fallförebyggande teamarbete. Det finns brister i kommunikationen och informationsöverföringen. Beslut om arbetssätt inför ett fallförebyggande teamarbete önskas samt ett projekt för detta och någon som skulle leda detta projekt behövs. Patientens självbestämmanderätt och autonomi är ett hinder i ett fallförebyggande teamarbete.  Slutsats: Ett fallförebyggande teamarbete kräver tydligt ledarskap med tydliga roller, förbättrad kommunikation och informationsöverföring. Översikt av hur baspersonalen och sjuksköterskorna planerar sin arbetstid behövs. / Background: Older people over the age of 65 are over-represented in fall accidents in Sweden. As a nurse in municipal care, great demands are placed on a functioning fall prevention teamwork, in order to reduce suffering for the patient and for the costs of the health and medical care.  Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how nurses experiences the fall prevention teamwork for the older person in ordinary living in municipal care. Method: Empirical qualitative study with inductive approach. Focus group interviews with nine nurses who worked with the care of the elderly in municipal care in a municipality in central Sweden. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis.  Results: A fall prevention teamwork requires leadership with clear roles.  The organization and lack of clear leadership, communication and working under two different laws, SOL and HSL turned out to be an obstacle to fall prevention teamwork. Decisions on working methods, a project for this and someone who would lead this project were needed. Improvements in the structure experienced nurse were needed. Patient's self-determination and autonomy is an obstacle in case-prevention teamwork.  Conclusion: The organization needs to give the nurses the opportunity to develop teamwork with clear roles in fall prevention teamwork. Improved communication and information transfer is needed. Overview of how basic staff and nurses plan their working hours is needed.

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar propriedades qualitativas das soluções de equações diferenciais funcionais com retardamento e impulsos em tempo variável (EDFRs impulsivas) através da teoria de equações diferenciais ordinárias generalizadas (EDOs generalizadas). Nossos principais resultados dizem respeito a estabilidade uniforme, estabilidade uniforme assintótica e estabilidade exponencial da solução trivial de uma determinada classe de EDFRs com impulsos em tempo variável e limitação uniforme de soluções da mesma classe. A fim de obtermos tais resultados para EDFRs com impulsos em tempo variável, estabelecemos novos resultados sobre propriedades qualitativas das soluções de EDOs generalizadas. Assim, portanto, este trabalho contribui para o desenvolvimento de ambas as teorias de EDFRs com impulsos e de EDOs generalizadas. Os resultados novos apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos nos artigos [1], [2] e [3] / The purpose of this work is to investigate qualitative properties of solutions of retarded functional differential equations (RFDEs) with impulse effects acting on variable times using the theory of generalized ordinary differential equations (generalized ODEs). Our main results concern uniform stability, uniform asymptotic stability and exponential stability of the trivial solution of a certain class of RFDEs with variable impulses and uniform boundedness of the solutions of the same class. In order to obtain such results for RFDEs with variable impulses, we establish new results about qualitative properties of solutions of generalized ODEs. In this manner, we contribute with new results not only to the theory of RFDEs with impulses but also to the theory of generalized ODEs. The new results presented in this work are contained in the articles [1], [2] and [3]

O escopo deste trabalho é analisar a tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, suas caracteríticas, limitações e utilizá-la como uma das soluções para a morosidade do Poder Judiciário. Para isso, investigaremos o próprio conceito de tutela jurisdicional, fazendo uma análise histórica e chegando ao conceito atual. Após, estudaremos cada um dos tipos específicos de tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, examinando suas peculiaridades e problemática. Nesse capítulo estudaremos a tutela cautelar, antecipada e a de evidência (grande novidade incluída no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil). Também estudaremos outras medidas de cognição sumária, apesar de esses outros tipos não apresentarem qualquer problema para se estabilizarem. No capítulo 3 trataremos das características específicas da tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, principalmente da sumariedade na cognição, requisito essencial para esse tipo de tutela. Em seguida, serão examinados os princípios constitucionais-processuais, como o devido processo legal e o princípio da igualdade e de como achar um equilíbrio entre a eficiência exigida pelo Estado e a duração razoável do processo, dever do Poder Judiciário e garantia dos jurisdicionados. A questão da coisa julgada, da sucumbência e da fundamentação da decisão serão trabalhadas no capítulo 5. Pretendemos demonstrar nesse capítulo de como é possível outorgar força de coisa julgada para as decisões de cognição sumária, e não apenas a preclusão endoprocessual como prevista no projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Por fim, analisamos as propostas legislativas já apresentadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual e o projeto de novo Código de Processo Civil. Ao longo do trabalho foram analisados a doutrina nacional e estudos de outros países, investigados a aceitação desses institutos e a recepção pelo Poder Judiciário, pelos advogados e pelos jurisdicionados. / The scope of this work is to analyze the non-ordinary court protection, their characters, and limitations and to find a way to use it as one of the solutions to the slow pace of the Judiciary branch. For this, we investigate the concept of court protection, making an historical analysis up to the present concept. After this, we study each of the specific types of non-ordinary court protection, examining their peculiarities and their problems. In this chapter we study provisional proceedings, evidence court protection (a new institute included in the project Code of Civil Procedure). We also study other non-ordinary proceedings. In chapter 3 we study the specific characteristics of the non-ordinary court protection, mostly the summary cognition, an essential requirement. Furthermore, we analyze the constitutional procedural principles, like due process of law, the principle of equality; and find a balance between efficiency and reasonable length of the proceedings, which is duty of the Judiciary branch and a guarantee of the population. We also analyze the res judicata, loss of suit and opinion in chapter 5. In this chapter, we want to demonstrate the possibility of granting res judicata to non-ordinary court protection and not only to the preclusion of the process. Ultimately, we analyze the legal proposes already presented by Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual and the project of a new Code of Civil Procedure. In this work, we also study national doctrine and foreign legal writing. We investigate these new institutes, mostly the evidence court protection and the reception by the Judiciary branch, both from lawyers and the population.

This study claims that formally experimental novels written in the early twentieth century place urgent, if often implicit, demands for acknowledgment upon their readers. Scholars have long held that the economic and cultural upheavals of the early twentieth century led novelists to doubt language’s referential capacities. But, even as signal modernist works by E.M. Forster, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner, and others move away from a view of language as a means of gaining knowledge, they also underscore its capacity to grant acknowledgment; they treat words as tools for recognizing and responding to the inner lives of others. Stanley Cavell finds such a vision of language in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations (1953), a work Cavell describes as “modernist.” This dissertation demonstrates that Wittgenstein’s interest in acknowledgment emerges via his negotiation of the same historical forces with which literary modernism grapples: industrialization, World War, cross-cultural encounter. I argue that modernist representations of consciousness offer readers a way of hearing what Wittgenstein calls “the silent soliloquy of others,” giving us words by which we might adopt an attitude of acknowledgment toward the otherwise unvoiced inner lives of socially marginalized figures. Chapter One considers the crisis of reason that convulses early twentieth-century Britain and demonstrates how Forster’s Howards End (1910) and Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway (1925) critique excessive commitments to rationality as counterproductive to the acknowledgment of politically disenfranchised citizens. Chapter Two discusses Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier (1915), Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927), and Nella Larsen’s Passing (1929): three texts that, I show, cast traditional Victorian marriage as an unsatisfying form of intimacy and depict speakers hesitant to acknowledge their desires for alternative, same-sex modes of intimate relation. Chapter Three examines Faulkner’s portrayal of capitalist modernization in The Sound and the Fury (1929) and As I Lay Dying (1930), arguing that characters in these novels insist on the immitigable privacy of their experiences and struggle accordingly to gain acknowledgment from family members. Chapter Four reads Richard Wright’s Black Boy (1945) and Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952) as two texts that represent the psychological experience of having one’s humanity go brutally unacknowledged under Jim Crow. / 2020-11-07T00:00:00Z

Comment penser la construction et la déconstruction du genre dans le langage ? Je montre que la philosophie du langage ordinaire — et notamment la théorie austinienne des actes de parole — peut soutenir une approche constructiviste et éclairer le rôle du langage dans la construction sociale du genre. La naturalisation du genre repose à la fois sur une représentation du langage — comme simple reflet du réel et comme « capacité » inégalement partagée — et sur des pratiques linguistiques ordinaires et scientifiques. Penser cela implique de dépasser la stricte dichotomie de l’idéologique et du matériel, pour analyser ensemble la construction et la représentation du genre dans des pratiques discursives et non-discursives. La théorie butlerienne de la « performativité du genre » permet de penser à la fois la construction du genre et sa contingence, sa possible déconstruction. Mais quel est notre pouvoir transformateur ? Si montrer qu’un phénomène n’est pas naturel ne suffit pas à le détruire, analyser sa force ne nous réduit-il pas à l’impuissance ? Pour répondre à ces questions, j’étudie des pratiques discursives de lutte. Je montre le pouvoir transformateur de pratiques de subversions et d’actes de parole insurrectionnels, qui font usage de la performativité du langage pour transformer les conditions sociales encadrant l’efficacité des discours. Je montre que ces pratiques déconstruisent le genre et produisent des collectifs de lutte, pour insister sur ce qu’une approche radicalement constructiviste du genre ouvre comme possibles pour le féminisme et l’action collective. / How is gender constructed and deconstructed in ordinary practices of language? First of all, I demonstrate that ordinary language philosophy – and more specifically the austinian theory of speech acts – can lay the ground for a constructivist approach and help to understand the role of language in the social construction of gender. I show that gender is naturalized both by our representation of language itself – as a mere reflect of reality and as an unequally shared “capacity” – and by ordinary and scientific practices of language. Understanding this idea involves going beyond the dichotomy of ideological and material, in order to analyze construction and representation of gender together in both discursive and non-discursive practices. Butler’s theory of gender performativity makes it possible to understand both construction and deconstruction, or the contingency of gender. But does not highlighting the strength of this construction lead to deny our power and agency? To answer this question, I study feminist discursive practices. I highlight transformative power of subversions and insurrectional speech acts. I analyze discursive practices of denaturalization that challenge both social and discursive orders, and practices that use language performativity to change the social conditions that give power to speech acts. These practices deconstruct gender and produce political and collective subjects: a radical constructivist approach to gender thus opens rich perspectives for feminism and collective activism.

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Orientador: Washington Barbosa Leite Júnior / Resumo: O depósito de elementos terras raras (ETR) Área Zero localiza-se no município de Araxá, Minas Gerais. Situa-se na porção sul da Faixa Brasília, na Província Ígnea do Alto Paranaíba, inserido no Complexo Alcalino-Carbonatítico do Barreiro. O complexo é uma intrusão circular, com aproximadamente 16 km2 de área. Apresenta-se como uma estrutura dômica associada a uma complexa rede de diques concêntricos e radiais, bem como pequenos veios. A mineralização é resultado do enriquecimento supergênico das rochas carbonatíticas, ricas em ETR. A área de estudos encontra-se na porção norte do complexo, em uma área de 400 m x 200 m, com seu eixo maior orientado segundo a direção E-W. O objetivo do trabalho foi a construção do modelo geológico tridimensional (3D) do depósito associado à quantificação dos recursos através do método de krigagem ordinária. O modelo 3D foi construído através da confecção e análise de 7 seções geológicas utilizando 60 furos de sondagem diamantada. Análises estatísticas foram realizadas para caracterizar e descrever as distribuições dos dados permitindo visualizar o comportamento das variáveis de interesse do depósito. Para executar a krigagem ordinária, o modelo esférico foi ajustado para os variogramas experimentais direcionais. A variografia indicou que a direção de maior continuidade do depósito foi a de 22,5/0 com amplitude de 51 metros. O modelo de blocos foi construído com as dimensões 10 x 10 x 3 m utilizado para a estimativa de recursos por unidades do d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The “Área Zero” deposit is in Araxá city, Minas Gerais. It is located in the southern portion of the Brasilia Belt, in the Igneous Province of Alto Paranaíba, inserted in the Barreiro Alkaline- Carbonatitic Complex. The complex is a circular intrusion with approximately 16 km2. It is a dome structure associated with a complex system of concentric and radial dikes and small veins. The mineralization is a result of the supergene enrichment of carbonatitic rocks, with high levels of rare earth elements (REE). The study area is in the northern portion of the complex, in an area of 400 m by 200 m with its major axis oriented in the East-West (E-W) direction. This study aimed to create a three-dimensional model (3DM) related to the resources quantification from ordinary kriging method. The 3DM was built through the analysis of 7 geological sections with 60 borehole data in E-W direction. Statistical analyses were performed to characterize and describe the data distributions, allowing identify and select the interest variables from the deposit. To carry out ordinary kriging, a spherical model was fitted over experimental directional variograms. Plotting experimental variograms in different directions showed that the direction of greater continuity was 22,5/0 and 51 meters range. To estimate the REE grade, a block model was built with dimensions of 10 x 10 x 3 m to estimate resources by units (residual soil, colluvium/alluvium, kaolin, and saprolite – carbonatite). All the units pres... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar propriedades qualitativas das soluções de equações diferenciais funcionais com retardamento e impulsos em tempo variável (EDFRs impulsivas) através da teoria de equações diferenciais ordinárias generalizadas (EDOs generalizadas). Nossos principais resultados dizem respeito a estabilidade uniforme, estabilidade uniforme assintótica e estabilidade exponencial da solução trivial de uma determinada classe de EDFRs com impulsos em tempo variável e limitação uniforme de soluções da mesma classe. A fim de obtermos tais resultados para EDFRs com impulsos em tempo variável, estabelecemos novos resultados sobre propriedades qualitativas das soluções de EDOs generalizadas. Assim, portanto, este trabalho contribui para o desenvolvimento de ambas as teorias de EDFRs com impulsos e de EDOs generalizadas. Os resultados novos apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos nos artigos [1], [2] e [3] / The purpose of this work is to investigate qualitative properties of solutions of retarded functional differential equations (RFDEs) with impulse effects acting on variable times using the theory of generalized ordinary differential equations (generalized ODEs). Our main results concern uniform stability, uniform asymptotic stability and exponential stability of the trivial solution of a certain class of RFDEs with variable impulses and uniform boundedness of the solutions of the same class. In order to obtain such results for RFDEs with variable impulses, we establish new results about qualitative properties of solutions of generalized ODEs. In this manner, we contribute with new results not only to the theory of RFDEs with impulses but also to the theory of generalized ODEs. The new results presented in this work are contained in the articles [1], [2] and [3]

A implantação segura e a viabilidade de um projeto de barragem dependem de se conhecer, com o máximo de clareza, as características geotécnicas do substrato rochoso do local de implantação. Para tanto, são realizadas campanhas de investigação geotécnica para a elaboração de modelos geológicos e geomecânicos, os quais podem apresentar erros devido à variabilidade natural, amostragem insuficiente, interpretação bidimensional e subjetividade das interpretações. Visando diminuir a subjetividade das interpretações acerca das características geomecânicas, a mecânica das rochas utiliza classificações de maciço rochoso, tais como sistema Q, de Barton, e RMR, de Bieniawski. Surgida por volta de 1960, a geoestatística permite analisar fenômenos que não são totalmente aleatórios e cujos valores dependem de sua posição no espaço. Este trabalho consistiu em desenvolver modelos numéricos tridimensionais a partir da aplicação da classificação de maciço rochoso pelo sistema RMR (Rock Mass Rating), utilizando técnicas geoestatísticas para a interpolação em regiões não amostradas. Os objetivos foram identificar feições e zonas com características geotécnicas de menor qualidade, verificar a representatividade dos modelos numéricos frente as estruturas geológicas mapeadas, observar a influência de fatores de redução nas classificações de RMR e analisar a variação de resultados quando são usadas malhas de amostragem diferentes. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, tanto do ponto de vista geoestatístico quanto do ponto de vista geotécnico. Foram delimitadas as regiões de atenção e identificadas as principais estruturas e feições geológicas nos modelos de RMR. Foi possível avaliar a influência dos fatores de redução na classificação de maciço, assim como a influência da malha de amostragem nos resultados estatísticos, geoestatísticos e de interpolação. Os dados amostrais foram comparados entre si e evidenciaram a importância e superioridade da classificação por RMR em detectar as principais feições e características geológicas, assim como demonstraram a variação da sensibilidade quando se utiliza diferentes fatores de redução. / A safe dam installation and its project feasibility, necessarily, depends on knowing, to the clearest, the geotechnical rock substrate characteristics in the installation place. Therefore, geotechnical investigation campaigns are undertaken to elaborate geological and geomechanics models, which may present errors due to natural variability, insufficient sampling, two-dimensional interpretation and subjectivityes. Aiming to decrease the subjectivism in the interpretations regarding the geomechanics characteristics, the rock mechanics makes use of rock mass classifications such as Q, by Barton, and RMR, by Bieniawski. Developed about 1960, geostatistics allows to analyze phenomena not completely random and whose values depend on its special position. This study consisted in developing three-dimensional numerical models from the rock mass assessment with RMR, using geostatistics to interpolate data in regions without sampling. The objectives were to identify features and zones with poor geotechnical characteristics, to evaluate how representative the numerical models are compared to the mapped geological structures, to observe the influence of reduction factors in the RMR classification and to analyze the variation of the results when different sampling grids are used. The obtained results were satisfactory, both in the geostatistical and geotechnical aspects. The critical regions were delimitated and the main geological structures and features were identified in the RMR model. It was possible to evaluate the influence of the reduction factors in the rock mass assessment, as well as the influence caused by the sampling grids in the statistic, geostatistics and interpolated results. Sampled data were compared and demonstrated how important and how superior the RMR assessment is to detect the major features and geological characteristics, as well as to demonstrate how sensitive the variation of the results is when different reduction factors are used.