Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NATANIEL DAL MORO.pdf: 14021769 bytes, checksum: 2463b5b93578dd12356da3a40517ad41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis analyzes how a part of the ruling elite of the city of Campo Grande conceived the presence of commoners, humble workers, beggars, prostitutes, milkmen, hikers, and a wide range of other poor people that was visible in the city centre, especially in public spaces. This work also investigates other issues, namely: 1) how certain douments produced by memorialist authors contributed to build a glorious past about pioneers and their achievements; 2°) elite s and common people s practices in the city are shown; 3) conflicts between elite and common people in the city area are identified and 4) it is demonstrated that the printed mass state media Correio do Estado served as a political party, advocating the existence of a civilized, modern and orderly city compared with the ways of living of other individuals, especially those by the common people. Most of the sources was collected in the following places: Historic Archive of Campo Grande, the Municipal Chamber of Councillors of Campo Grande, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Barbosa Rodrigues, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística and, above all, the Archives of Correio do Estado newspaper. They are documents and images produced by these institutions and by various associations, institutes, departments and civil people. Stories of several approaches, maps, informative advertising, photographic images, chronicles, official publications, such as laws, codes, ordinances and resolutions, in addition to letters published by public and private organs and authorities, among others, which also make part of the list of sources. The writings of Karl Marx, Walter Benjamin, Antonio Gramsci, Eric Hobsbawm, E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and Pierre Bourdieu have been fundamental to problematize these sources. The Correio do Estado (CE) showed masterfully in its pages the urban life and city in transformation. Exposed a confrontational dialogue between public authorities and the society at large. The CE also showed with richness of details the tendentiousness of the media, with emphasis on the partisan nature in favor of one or another goal. At this time, the CE has proved to be a real political party, since it has met the desires of some groups, arguably more of the local elite of that of ordinary people, and denied the interest of many other individuals. However, when the CE described and analyzed the city, it did not show the city itself in all its forms and essences, but much more, its conception of the world about the city and the values it espoused. Therefore, the material published in the journal don't show exactly the history of Campo Grande city, neither the history of the individuals that were in it, but, above all, the history of the performance of this media as a political agent who represented certain groups and social values and acted in several ways regarding the city and the population of Campo Grande, much more with the goal of defending the interests of the groups that the journal represented than any other purposes / Essa tese analisa como uma parte das elites dirigentes da cidade de Campo Grande concebeu a presença de populares, trabalhadores humildes, leiteiros, mendigos, prostitutas, andarilhos, e de toda uma gama de outros pobres que se fazia visível no centro da cidade, em particular nos seus espaços públicos. O presente trabalho investiga também outras questões, a saber: 1º) como determinados textos produzidos por autores memorialistas contribuíram para edificar um passado glorioso sobre os pioneiros e os seus feitos; 2°) mostra-se as práticas da elite e do povo comum na urbe; 3º) localiza-se os conflitos entre elite e povo comum no espaço citadino e 4º) demonstra-se que o veículo de comunicação impresso Correio do Estado atuou como um partido político, defendendo a existência de uma cidade civilizada, moderna e ordeira frente aos modos de viver de outros sujeitos, sobretudo os praticados pelo povo comum. A maior parte das fontes foi coletada nos seguintes locais: Arquivo Histórico de Campo Grande, Câmara Municipal de Vereadores de Campo Grande, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Barbosa Rodrigues, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e, sobretudo, Arquivo do Jornal Correio do Estado. São textos e imagens produzidos por estas instituições e por diversas associações, institutos, secretarias e pessoas civis. Matérias jornalísticas de diversos enfoques, mapas, informes publicitários, imagens fotográficas, crônicas, publicações oficiais, como leis, códigos, decretos, portarias e resoluções, além de cartas publicadas por entidades e autoridades públicas e privadas, dentre outras, que também integram o rol de fontes. Os escritos de Karl Marx, Walter Benjamin, Antonio Gramsci, Eric Hobsbawm, Edward Palmer Thompson, Raymond Williams e Pierre Bourdieu foram fundamentais para problematizar estas fontes. O Correio do Estado (CE) mostrou em suas páginas magistralmente o cotidiano urbano e a cidade em transformação. Externou um diálogo conflituoso entre os poderes públicos constituídos e a sociedade de modo geral. O CE também mostrou com riqueza de detalhes a tendenciosidade dos meios de comunicação, com destaque para a partidarização em prol de um ou outro objetivo. Neste momento, o CE mostrou-se um verdadeiro partido político, já que atendeu os anseios de alguns grupos, indiscutivelmente mais da elite local do que das pessoas comuns, e negou o interesse de outros tantos sujeitos. No entanto, quando o CE descreveu e analisou a cidade ele não mostrou propriamente a cidade em todas as suas formas e essências, mas muito mais a sua concepção de mundo sobre a cidade e os valores que defendia. Logo, as matérias publicadas no periódico não mostram propriamente a história da cidade de Campo Grande, e nem dos sujeitos que nela estavam, mas, sobretudo, a história da atuação deste meio de comunicação como agente político que representou determinados grupos e valores sociais e agiu de diversos modos sobre a cidade e a população de Campo Grande, muito mais com o objetivo de defender os interesses dos grupos que representou do que quaisquer outros propósitos

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-16T12:40:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Jorge Bernardini.pdf: 1295593 bytes, checksum: f5886fe78f9e706b503e453b2021a91b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T12:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Jorge Bernardini.pdf: 1295593 bytes, checksum: f5886fe78f9e706b503e453b2021a91b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / The scope of this dissertation consists in analyzing the non-ordinary court protection and its possibility of stabilization regarding preliminary relief and its effects. The work analyses its characters, limitations and possible effects that these kind of decision may have. For this, it is analyzed the concept of court protection, some historical aspects and classification. In light of those concepts, it will be analyzed the non-ordinary court protection types, provision proceedings (preliminary relief), evidence court decision, especially in regards to the New Procedure Civil Code. Furthermore, it will be developed the new ruling concept and some constitutional principles, such as due process of law, the principle of equality and critical Court precedents that encompass the subject matter. In addition, in this chapter cognition techniques will be pointed out and analyzed. We addressed the topic of the unappealeble decisions, historical aspects and classification settling a comparison among CPC/73 and CPC/15. Finally, the preliminary injunction will be analyzed; its proceedings stated in the CPC/15 and some critical aspects / O escopo do presente trabalho é analisar a tutela jurisdicional que concede a antecipação de tutela antecedente, as características, as limitações e os possíveis efeitos que podem ser atribuídos a ela. Com essa finalidade abordaremos, inicialmente, o conceito de tutela jurisdicional, suas classificações segundo a doutrina clássica e também segundo uma perspectiva constitucional. Abordar-se-ão, ainda, no capítulo atinente à tutela jurisdicional, o conceito de tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, alguns exemplos e também, mais especificamente, as tutelas de urgência e da evidência consagradas pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil. Tratar-se-á, outrossim, do conceito de sentença no Novo Código de Processo Civil e de alguns princípios constitucionais julgados importantes e que permeiam a concessão de qualquer tutela jurisdicional, tendo o autor optado por aqueles julgados mais relevantes sobre o assunto, como o princípio do juiz natural, a imparcialidade e a motivação das decisões judiciais. Ainda nesse capítulo, serão examinadas as técnicas de cognição e suas espécies, por constituírem de traço característico da tutela jurisdicional diferenciada, na qual se insere a tutela de urgência. Essa análise é muito importante para se aferir quais os possíveis efeitos que podem ser atribuídos à estabilização da tutela antecipada antecedente. Como não poderia deixar de ser, no capítulo seguinte àquele em que tratada a tutela jurisdicional será abordado o conceito de coisa julgada, sua natureza jurídica, suas características e sua eficácia preclusiva. Nesse capítulo, em específico, serão demonstradas algumas modificações trazidas pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil quanto à coisa julgada e à possível ampliação de seus limites objetivos, face à questão das questões prejudiciais e da ação declaratória incidental. Em seguida, será tratado, de forma sucinta, do que é preclusão, dos aspectos que a diferenciam da coisa julgada e, após isso, da ação rescisória. Atinente à ação rescisória, julgou-se importante saber o seu conceito e cabimento, sobretudo face às alterações que o Novo Código de Processo Civil trouxe em relação ao conceito de sentença, à possibilidade de julgamento antecipado e parcial do mérito e, enfim, aos aspectos e ao alcance da coisa julgada. Finalmente, no último capítulo, pretende-se demonstrar qual a natureza jurídica da tutela antecipada antecedente estabilizada, em face ao que foi abordado no trabalho ─ a finalidade para a qual foi criada, as características e o procedimento para requerimento. Ademais, serão tratados, igualmente, questões controvertidas acerca da nova medida no Código de Processo Civil e possíveis efeitos que podem ser a ela atribuídos. Importante salientar que o trabalho analisou, no que necessário, doutrina e jurisprudência nacionais e internacionais, para relacioná-las com o escopo que se pretende

Cette recherche porte sur la vie ordinaire des Marseillais et Marseillaises pendant et juste après la peste de 1720-1722. Nous proposons un état des gestes, des lieux, des attitudes et des situations qui se transforment ou se modifient durant l’épidémie et lors de la reconstruction immédiate de la société marseillaise à la suite du passage du fléau. Les institutions, les groupes et les dimensions individuelles multiples sont examinés pour privilégier la perception qu’en ont les acteurs. La problématique au centre de cette thèse n’est donc pas seulement de documenter l’épidémie de 1720 ou les attitudes des contemporains face à la mort, mais également la façon dont les hommes vivent en « temps de peste ». Cette expression recouvre les années au cours desquelles furent instituées des mesures de gestion spécifiques de la ville et de ses populations. Nous tentons ainsi de nous éloigner d’une conception spectaculaire de l’évènement, sans toutefois renier son côté extraordinaire. Si la peste reste un temps d’exception, c’est la vision ordinaire et quotidienne de cet épisode marseillais qui est privilégiée. Le premier grand champ de cette thèse propose une réflexion autour du pouvoir urbain et identifie les principaux outils dont il dispose pour instaurer un ordre dans la ville. Une police spécifique est en effet créée pour gérer au quotidien la catastrophe. La seconde partie étudie les répercussions des mesures de contrôle policier dans l’espace urbain et en particulier grâce à la mise en place d’un réseau d’hôpitaux pour circonscrire et soigner la peste. Nous menons une réflexion sur la construction de différents lieux clos en temps d’épidémie (hôpitaux, lazarets, prisons), et au sens que ceux-ci pouvaient avoir dans une ville affligée de contagion. Enfin, le dernier grand champ de cette thèse propose une étude basée essentiellement à partir des procédures jugées par le Tribunal de police pendant la période, en privilégiant une approche micro-historique et tente de ramener l’ordinaire des relations sociales notamment populaires pendant la contagion. / This research explores the ordinary lives of the inhabitants of Marseille during and immediately following the plague of 1720-1722. It examines the behaviors, places, attitudes, and situations that were transformed or modified during the epidemic and during the post-epidemic reconstruction period of Marseille’s society. Institutional, group, and multiple individual dimensions are examined to document the related perceptions held by stakeholders. The central focus of this thesis is therefore not only to describe the epidemic of 1720 or the contemporary attitudes of the time related to death, but also how people live during a “time of plague”. The period examined here covers the years during which specific management measures were put in place for the city and its people. We attempt to distance ourselves from a spectacular conception of the event, without ever denying its extraordinary aspect. Although the plague period was an exceptional time, this research privileges an ordinary and daily-life vision of this episode in Marseille’s history. The first part of this thesis reflects upon urban power and the main tools used to establish order in the city. A special police group was created to manage the disaster on a daily basis. The second part examines the impact of police control measures in the urban area and in particular through the creation of a network of hospitals to contain and treat plague victims. A reflection is also conducted on the construction of different places of confinement during the time of the epidemic (hospitals, lazarets, prisons), and the meaning that they had in an infected city. Finally, the last part of this thesis studies the judgments of the Police Court during the period, favoring a micro-historical approach focused on the ordinary social relations particularly popular during this period of contagion.

La thèse part d’un constat, fondé sur une revue de littérature, à propos des difficultés des élèves et des étudiants en rapport avec le concept onde. Ce constat est renforcé par notre étude empirique en master. L’objectif de notre travail est de construire, et de tester, une ingénierie didactique fondée sur une investigation proposant ainsi un enseignement qui diffère de la coutume en s’appuyant sur une simulation informatique. Après une introduction des principes et de l’intérêt de l’ingénierie didactique, notre travail est organisé en quatre parties. La première comporte une analyse épistémologique et historique du concept d’onde, où nos résultats montrent l’émergence et la persévérance de l’obstacle substantialiste. Ensuite, une analyse des séances d’enseignement ordinaire du concept d’onde est réalisée dans le cadre de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique. Cette analyse met en exergue la nature des pratiques dans cette classe de terminale tunisienne et montre les limites d’un tel enseignement, que nous considérons transmissif. L’analyse cognitive des concepts clés (célérité et front d’onde) permet d’étayer notre constat sur les difficultés rencontrées par les élèves. Une analyse du champ de contraintes clôt cette première partie. La deuxième partie consiste à justifier les choix effectués afin d’élaborer un scénario pédagogique basé sur une situation d’investigation de type PCDR, constituée de quatre moments : Prévision, Confrontation, Résolution et Discussion. La troisième partie est réservée d’une part, à la description détaillée de la méthodologie de recherche et de ses différents niveaux d’analyse et, d’autre part, à une analyse a priori de la séance de travaux pratique de type PCDR. Pour finir, la quatrième partie propose une analyse des activités menées au cours de la séance de travaux pratiques sur les ondes dans un lycée de banlieue de Tunis et une évaluation du scénario pédagogique. Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants par rapport à nos attentes. En effet, les discussions des élèves traduisent un réel intérêt pour résoudre certaines situations d’investigations proposées. De plus, l’analyse des résultats du post-test montre que la séance d’enseignement par PCDR a contribué à l’amélioration du nombre des réponses correctes des élèves et de leurs modes de raisonnements. / The thesis begin with a report, Based on a review of the literature, about the difficulties of the pupils and the students in relation to the concept wave. This report is strengthened by our empirical study in master's degree. The objective of our work is to build, and to make out to test, a didactic engineering based on an investigation so proposing an education differ from the custom resting on an IT simulation. After an introduction of the principles and the interest of the didactic engineering, our work is organized in four parts.The first one contains an epistemological analysis and a historic of the concept of wave, where our results show the emergence and the perseverance of the obstacle substantialist. Then, an analysis of the sessions of ordinary education of the concept of wave is realized within the framework of the theory of the joint action in didactics. This analysis highlights the nature of the practices in this Tunisian terminal classes of high school and shows the limits of such an teaching, as we consider transmissif. The cognitive analysis of the key concepts (vibration velocity and wave front) allows to support our report on the difficulties met by pupils. An analysis of the field of constraints closes this first part. The second part consists in justifying choices made to develop an educational scenario based on a situation of type PCDR's inquiry, constituted of four moments: forecast, Confrontation, Resolution and discussion. The third part is reserved on one hand, in the detailed description of the methodology of search and its various levels of analysis and, on the other hand, in an analysis a priori of the practical session of teaching of type PCDR. To finish, the fourth part proposes an analysis of the activities led during the session on the waves in a suburban high school of Tunis and an evaluation of the educational scenario. The obtained results are satisfactory with regard to compared with our waits. Indeed, the discussions of the pupils translate a real interest to solve certain situations of proposed inquiry. Furthermore, the analysis of the results of the post-test shows that the session of teaching with approch by PCDR contributed to the improvement of the number of the correct answers of the pupils and their ways of reasoning.

The main purpose of this degree project is to reveal the Airbnb customer’s preferences and quantify the impact of non-market factors on the market price of tourist accommodation in Berlin, Germany. The data retrieved from Airbnb listings, publicly available on Inside Airbnb (2017), was supplemented on indicator of sharing economy accommodation using machine learning method in order to distinguish between amateur and business-running professional hosts. The main aim is to examine the consumers’ preferences and quantify the marginal effect of "real sharing economy" accommodation and other key variables on market price. This is accomplished by model approach using hedonic pricing method, which is used to estimate the economic value of particular attribute. Surprisingly, our data indicates the negative impact of sharing economy indicator on price. The set of motivations of consumers, which determine their valuation of Airbnb listings, was identified. The trade-off between encompass and parsimony of the set was desired in order to build an effective model. Calculation of proportion of explained variance showed that the price is affected mainly by number of accommodated persons, degree of privacy, number of bedrooms, cancellation policy, distance from the city centre and sharing economy indicator in decreasing order.

No description available.

Les recherches qui analysent le phénomène de la fiction sont innombrables, mais rares sont celles qui l'abordent à partir du large spectre de ce que les sujets-acteurs ordinaires désignent et qualifient eux-mêmes, dans le contexte de leurs vies quotidiennes, comme étant fictionnel ou en tant que fiction. Le point de départ de cette thèse se situe précisément dans cette perspective, mais plus spécifiquement dans le cadre des connaissances de sens commun — univers des représentations subjectives et intersubjectives stabilisées dans le langage — que les sujets-acteurs ordinaires possèdent sur ce qu'ils appellent fiction, pour à partir de celles-ci articuler une compréhension sociologique(constructiviste et phénoméno-compréhensive) du sens, et de la signification, que ces sujets-acteurs confèrent à ce type d'expériences vécues dans le contexte de leurs vies de tous les jours.Dans le cadre de leurs connaissances ordinaires, ou connaissances de sens commun, ce que les sujets-acteurs désignent et signifient comme étant fictionnel — ou en tant que fiction —, dépasse largement le domaine des arts — tels que le cinéma, la littérature, ou le théâtre —, et avant de relever exclusivement de celui-ci, mais bien sûr en l'incluant, il se réfère davantage à un large spectre de situations ludiques que les sujets-acteurs connotent comme fictionnelles, un type d'expériences vécues ayant des caractéristiques fort particulières. Dans le cadre de ce type d’expériences les sujets-acteurs élaborent des représentations qu'ils savent être “fausses”, ils communiquent à d'autres des informations qui se présentent comme si elles portaient sur des choses réelles alors qu'elles sont tout bonnement inventées, ou encore ils s’intéressent à des récits, à des représentations visuelles ou à des actions dont ils savent qu'il s'agit de “semblants”. Dans ce sens, l'étendue de ce type de situations inclut ce que traditionnellement — et institutionnellement— on désigne comme fiction, c'est-à-dire les expériences vécues des sujets-acteurs avec des fictions artistiques — où une œuvre d'art met en scène un univers imaginaire —, tels que lire un roman ou regarder un film de fiction. Néanmoins, ce type de situations comprend aussi un genre d'expériences que les sujets-acteurs ordinaires articulent et signifient à partir d'une opposition ludique face à ce qu'ils désignent comme étant la réalité pour de vrai, ce que les traditions savantes de la fiction auraient un peu plus de mal à cataloguer directement en tant que fictionnelles, mais que dans le contexte d'une démarche sociologique phénoméno-compréhensive nous pourrions apparenter à ce qu'Alfred Schütz désignait comme les mondes de l'imagination et les phantasmes, tel que par exemple les expériences de rêveries éveillées, mais surtout celles de jeux-de-faire-semblant (appelés aussi jeux de faire-comme-si), et que nous pourrions apparenter également aux modalisations ou cadres transformés de la microsociologie d'Erving Goffman. Dans ce panorama, où au premier abord on pourrait penser que cette synonymie utilisée par les sujets-acteurs ordinaires, pour se référer à ces deux types de phénomènes en tant que fictions (les fictions artistiques institutionnalisées d'un côté, les expériences fictionnelles ludiques de l'autre), pourrait être totalement aléatoire et même équivoque, est — bien au contraire — la piste fondamentale et le point de départ à partir duquel s'articule cette recherche doctorale, par laquelle nous cherchons à comprendre le cœur significatif et constitutif de la fiction en tant qu'expérience vécue par des sujets-acteurs ordinaires. / Research analyzing the phenomenon of fiction is countless, but rare is the one that approaches it from the broad spectrum of what the ordinary subjects-actors name and qualify themselves, in the context of their daily lives, as being fictional or as a fiction. The starting point of this thesis lies precisely in this perspective, but more specifically in the context of commonsense knowledge — universe of the stabilized subjective and inter-subjective representations within the language — that the ordinary subjects-actors have on what they call fiction, in order to articulate from these a (constructivist and phenomenological) sociological understanding of the meaning, and the significance that these subjects-actors confer to this type of experience in the context of their daily lives.In the context of their ordinary knowledge, or commonsense knowledge, what subjects-actors name and signify as fictional — or as fiction —, goes far beyond the field of arts - such as cinema, literature, or theatre - and before highlighting exclusively this, while including it of course, it refers more to a broad spectrum of playful situations that subjects-actors connote as fictional, a type of experience with very particular characteristics. In the context of this type of experiments, the subjects-actors develop representations of which they know that these are "false", they communicate to others information that is being presented as if it concerned real things while these are simply invented or they are interested in stories, in visual representations or in actions of which they know that these are "semblances". In this sense, the extent of these kinds of situations include that what traditionally — and institutionally— is named as fiction, that is to say the experiences of subjects-actors with artistic fictions — where a work of art depicts an imaginary world —, such as reading a novel or watching a fiction film. However, such situations also include a kind of experience that ordinary subjects-actors articulate and signify from a playful opposition at what they refer to as reality for real, that scholarly traditions of the fiction have a little more difficulty to catalog directly as fictional, but in the context of a comprehensive phenomenological-sociological approach we might resemble to what Alfred Schütz named as the worlds of imagination and phantasms, such as for example the experiences of daydreaming, but above all those of Make-believe Games (also called Pretend Plays), and that we also could resemble to modalizations or transformed frames found in Erving Goffman's microsociology. In this panorama, which at first glance one might think that this synonym used by ordinary subjects-actors, in order to refer to these two types of phenomena as fictions (the institutionalized artistic fictions on one side, the fictional playful experiences on the other hand), could be totally random and even ambiguous, is - quite the contrary - the fundamental way and the starting point from which articulates this doctoral research through which we seek to understand the significant and constitutive heart of fiction as experienced by the ordinary subjects/actors.

Este estudo têm como objetivo identificar qual o comportamento de empresas brasileiras de capital aberto com relação à aplicação dos recursos financeiros de seus fluxos de caixa (recursos internos) em investimentos e não investimentos (em fins que não se configuram como um projeto real de investimento) no curto e longo prazo e mostrar como essa questão está relacionado com o grau de restrições financeiras enfrentado pelas empresas. Para alcançar esse objetivo foram estimadas quatro regressões pelo método OLS (Ordinary Least Square / Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários), cada uma delas com uma das variáveis resposta correspondentes aos principais usos de caixa, ou seja, retenção de caixa, investimentos, dividendos e redução do financiamento externo e com as variáveis explicativas dadas pelo fluxo de caixa nos períodos t, t-1 e t-2 e algumas variáveis de controle específicas da firma. Os resultados sugerem que empresas brasileiras restritas e irrestritas se comportam de forma diferente ao receberem um choque positivo em seus fluxos de caixa e que o comportamento das mesmas também difere no curto e no longo prazo. Empresas restritas e irrestritas ao receberem um choque positivo em seus fluxos de caixa, retêm caixa no período contemporâneo e alocam tais recursos intertemporalmente. Empresas restritas investem mais no curto prazo enquanto as irrestritas investem mais no longo prazo. No curto prazo, empresas irrestritas distribuem mais dividendos do que empresas irrestritas e no longo prazo, os coeficientes dos fluxos de caixa não são significativos para nenhum dos grupos. No curto prazo empresas irrestritas reduzem o financiamento externo, enquanto empresas restritas levantam mais financiamentos externos e no longo prazo, esse comportamento se inverte. Dessa forma, fica clara a importância de se considerar o longo prazo bem como as restrições financeiras enfrentadas pelas empresas. / This study aim to identify what is the behaviour of Brazilian public companies regarding the use of financial resources of cash flows (internal resources) in investments and not investments (for purposes that are not configured as a real investment project) in the short and long term and show how this is related to the degree of financial constraints faced by firms. To achieve this aim, four regressions were estimated by OLS ( Ordinary Least Square), each with one of the response variables corresponding to the main uses of cash, ie , cash holding, investments, dividends and external finance reduction and the explanatory variables given by the cash flow in periods t , t - 1 and t - 2 and some control variables specific of the firm. The results suggest that restricted and unrestricted Brazilian companies behave differently when they receive a positive shock on cash flows and their behavior also differs in the short and long term. When constrained and unconstrained firms receive a positive impact on cash flows, they retain cash in the contemporary period and intertemporally allocate such resources. Constrained firms invest more in the short term while the unrestricted invest more in the long run. In the short term, unconstrained firms distribute more dividends than unconstrained firms and in the long run, the coefficients of cash flows are not significant for either groups. In the short term unconstrained firms reduce external finance, while constrained firms raise more external finance and in the long term, this behavior is reversed. Thus, it is clear that it matters to consider the long term as well as financial constraints faced by firms.

A implantação segura e a viabilidade de um projeto de barragem dependem de se conhecer, com o máximo de clareza, as características geotécnicas do substrato rochoso do local de implantação. Para tanto, são realizadas campanhas de investigação geotécnica para a elaboração de modelos geológicos e geomecânicos, os quais podem apresentar erros devido à variabilidade natural, amostragem insuficiente, interpretação bidimensional e subjetividade das interpretações. Visando diminuir a subjetividade das interpretações acerca das características geomecânicas, a mecânica das rochas utiliza classificações de maciço rochoso, tais como sistema Q, de Barton, e RMR, de Bieniawski. Surgida por volta de 1960, a geoestatística permite analisar fenômenos que não são totalmente aleatórios e cujos valores dependem de sua posição no espaço. Este trabalho consistiu em desenvolver modelos numéricos tridimensionais a partir da aplicação da classificação de maciço rochoso pelo sistema RMR (Rock Mass Rating), utilizando técnicas geoestatísticas para a interpolação em regiões não amostradas. Os objetivos foram identificar feições e zonas com características geotécnicas de menor qualidade, verificar a representatividade dos modelos numéricos frente as estruturas geológicas mapeadas, observar a influência de fatores de redução nas classificações de RMR e analisar a variação de resultados quando são usadas malhas de amostragem diferentes. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios, tanto do ponto de vista geoestatístico quanto do ponto de vista geotécnico. Foram delimitadas as regiões de atenção e identificadas as principais estruturas e feições geológicas nos modelos de RMR. Foi possível avaliar a influência dos fatores de redução na classificação de maciço, assim como a influência da malha de amostragem nos resultados estatísticos, geoestatísticos e de interpolação. Os dados amostrais foram comparados entre si e evidenciaram a importância e superioridade da classificação por RMR em detectar as principais feições e características geológicas, assim como demonstraram a variação da sensibilidade quando se utiliza diferentes fatores de redução. / A safe dam installation and its project feasibility, necessarily, depends on knowing, to the clearest, the geotechnical rock substrate characteristics in the installation place. Therefore, geotechnical investigation campaigns are undertaken to elaborate geological and geomechanics models, which may present errors due to natural variability, insufficient sampling, two-dimensional interpretation and subjectivityes. Aiming to decrease the subjectivism in the interpretations regarding the geomechanics characteristics, the rock mechanics makes use of rock mass classifications such as Q, by Barton, and RMR, by Bieniawski. Developed about 1960, geostatistics allows to analyze phenomena not completely random and whose values depend on its special position. This study consisted in developing three-dimensional numerical models from the rock mass assessment with RMR, using geostatistics to interpolate data in regions without sampling. The objectives were to identify features and zones with poor geotechnical characteristics, to evaluate how representative the numerical models are compared to the mapped geological structures, to observe the influence of reduction factors in the RMR classification and to analyze the variation of the results when different sampling grids are used. The obtained results were satisfactory, both in the geostatistical and geotechnical aspects. The critical regions were delimitated and the main geological structures and features were identified in the RMR model. It was possible to evaluate the influence of the reduction factors in the rock mass assessment, as well as the influence caused by the sampling grids in the statistic, geostatistics and interpolated results. Sampled data were compared and demonstrated how important and how superior the RMR assessment is to detect the major features and geological characteristics, as well as to demonstrate how sensitive the variation of the results is when different reduction factors are used.

Vancomycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of systemic infections. It is given intravenously usually every twelve or twenty-four hours. This particular drug has a medium level of boundedness, with approximately fty percent of the drug being free and thus physiologically eective. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was used to better understand the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. Using optimal parameters, the model could be used in the future to test how various factors, such as BMI or excretion levels, might aect the concentration of the antibiotic.