O propósito do princípio da precaução é evitar danos irreversíveis ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana ao permitir a ação preventiva, mesmo na ausência de certeza científica sobre as causas ou conseqüências de determinada atividade. A precaução é uma resposta às novas tecnologias e aos fenômenos que podem provocar impactos irreparáveis e incomensuráveis e que, portanto, precisam ser revistos pela comunidade internacional, Estados e indivíduos. Significa, também, envolver a participação popular nas decisões sobre quais riscos são aceitáveis em determinada sociedade e quais devem ser evitados. A base sociológica sob a qual está baseado o trabalho é a teoria de Ulrich Beck sobre a sociedade de risco global. O princípio da precaução é analisado sob os prismas dogmático e funcional: as principais características do princípio são apresentadas, bem como as críticas ao instituto; também são expostas as funções do princípio da precaução, sua eficácia social e status jurídico. A fim de explicar as dificuldades que circundam o tema dos princípios do direito internacional do meio ambiente, as principais teorias dos princípios são analisadas, concluindo-se que os princípios do DIMA necessitam de uma teoria própria. Na última parte, o trabalho procura demonstrar como o princípio da precaução pode ser operacionalizado através do fortalecimento institucional, sobretudo da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima. O tema das mudanças climáticas é paradigmático, já que exige ação internacional preventiva a fim de evitar os impactos do aquecimento global, mesmo face à inexistência de consenso científico sobre as causas e consequências desse fenômeno. Ao permitir maior participação democrática e abrir espaço para que a percepção pública sobre os riscos possa refletir em decisões jurídico-políticas, o arranjo institucional criado pela Convenção permite, ainda que com algumas falhas, uma discussão maior sobre os desafios que circundam o tema. Considerando os fundamentos da teoria de Beck sobre a modernização reflexiva, a origem política dos riscos e a democratização das discussões sobre eles, o papel da subpolítica na sociedade atual e a irreversibilidade de catástrofes ambientais, conclui-se que o princípio da precaução é indispensável ao direito e à política ao inserir a responsabilização a priori dos possíveis danos e a participação social nas decisões futuras / The purpose of the precautionary principle is to avoid irreversible damage to the environment and human health by allowing preventive action, even in the absence of scientific certainty regarding the causes or consequences of certain activity. Precaution is an answer to new technologies and phenomena that may promote irreparable and incommensurable impacts and, therefore, need to be reviewed beforehand by the international community, states and individuals. Furthermore, it nurtures popular participation in decision-making regarding what risks are acceptable in a given society and what risks should be avoided. The sociological foundation of this work is Ulrich Becks world risk society. The precautionary principle is analysed under the dogmatic and functional viewpoints: the principles main characteristics and critiques are presented, and I also explore the precautionary principles functions, social efficacy, and legal status. In order to explain the difficulties pertaining to the subject of international environmental law, this thesis analyzes the main theories on legal principles, and concludes that a more suitable theory for international environmental law principles is needed. In the last part, this work demonstrates how the precautionary principle can be operationalized through institutional strengthening, especially of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climate change is a paradigmatic case, since it demands international preventive action in order to avoid the impacts of global warming, even in the absence of scientific consensus regarding its causes and consequences. By allowing greater democratic participation and by creating space for communication so that public perception can be reflected in legal and political decisions, the institutional arrangement created by the Convention allows for, if imperfectly, a wider discussion about the challenges of climate change. Considering the foundations of Becks theory about reflexive modernization, the political origin of risks and the democratization of discussions on risks, the role of subpolitics in modern society and irreversibility of environmental catastrophes, this work concludes that the precautionary principle is indispensable to law and politics by adding a priori responsibility of possible damages and social participation in future decisions.

A medida cautelar e a antecipação de tutela são espécies do mesmo gênero de tutela jurisdicional. A doutrina diverge quanto à diferença dos dois institutos. Ambas exercem a mesma função de garantir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil disciplina conjuntamente as atuais medidas cautelares e a antecipação de tutela. Elas são essenciais para a tutela jurisdicional do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado porque o dano ambiental frequentemente é irreparável ou de difícil reparação. A Constituição Federal de 1988 garantiu a autonomia do direito ambiental no direito brasileiro, que tem princípios e regras próprios. O princípio da precaução tem especial relevância no direito ambiental porque visa mitigar ou eliminar o risco de dano, ainda que não haja certeza científica. O princípio da precaução é aplicado por diversos institutos do direito administrativo, como o licenciamento ambiental. Se a proteção do meio ambiente pelo Poder Executivo e pelo Poder Legislativo não for suficiente, é cabível tutela jurisdicional. As ações coletivas e as ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade são adequadas para a proteção do meio ambiente. A tutela de urgência, que pode ser concedida nas referidas ações, é um dos instrumentos para garantir a efetividade do princípio da precaução para a proteção do meio ambiente, pois pode evitar o dano ambiental no curso do processo judicial. / The preliminary injunction and the provisional injunction are species of the same genus to judicial review. The doctrine diverges as the difference between the two institutes. Both perform the same function of ensuring the effectiveness of the remedy. Design of the new Code of Civil Procedure jointly governs the current preliminary injunction and provisional injunction. They are essential to judicial protection of the right to an ecologically balanced environment because environmental damage is often irreparable or difficult to repair. The Federal Constitution of 1988 guaranteed the autonomy of environmental law in Brazilian law which has own rules and principle. Precautionary principle has particular relevance in environmental law because it seeks to mitigate or eliminate the risk of damage, although there is no scientific certainty. Precautionary principle is applied by various institutes of administrative law, such as environmental licensing. If the protection of the environment by the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch is not sufficient, it is appropriate jurisdictional tutelage. The class actions and actions for declaration of constitutionality and unconstitutionality are suitable for protecting the environment. The preliminary injunction, which may be granted in such actions, is one of the instruments to ensure the effectiveness of the precautionary principle to protect the environment because it can avoid environmental damage during the judicial proceedings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Nemeti.pdf: 494008 bytes, checksum: eb782c209f6f04fcb91e27178d785039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20 / The aim with this study is to analyze the validity and legitimacy of the abstract danger s crimes to the principle of offensiveness or harmfulness. The problem that arises is the increasing adoption of this type of offense, with foundation in the principle of precaution, in order to control the call of Risk Society. Because, as know, in the abstract danger s crimes, it is not required the legal asset is exposed to risk, given that in such cases there is only a probability of placing the legal asset at risk. So, what we intend to discuss in this paper, it is whether this type of crimes offends the structure of the felony and the basic tenets of criminal law classic / O que se pretende com o presente estudo é analisar a validade e a legitimidade dos crimes de perigo abstrato à luz do princípio da ofensividade ou da lesividade. O problema que surge é o da crescente adoção desse tipo de delito, com alicerce no principio da precaução, como forma de controle da chamada Sociedade do Risco. É que, como se sabe, nos crimes de perigo abstrato, não se exige sequer que o bem jurídico seja exposto ao risco, sendo certo que, nesses casos, há apenas uma probabilidade da colocação do bem jurídico em risco. Assim, o que se pretende discutir no presente trabalho, é se esse tipo de incriminação ofende a estrutura do delito e os postulados básicos do Direito Penal Clássico

Le début du 21ème siècle a vu s'ériger de profondes réformes législatives qui continuent de bouleverser le droit pénal et la politique criminelle. Elles prennent corps dans une société de risque caractérisée par l'accélération de la modernisation et la production de risques multiformes qui lui sont rattachés. Progressivement, le principe de précaution, emprunté de manière pervertie à l'environnement, et sur un mode incantatoire et répétitif, s'immiscera dans ces matières jusqu'à produire des conséquences sur le principe de légalité qui structure la rationalité pénale moderne, imposer la révision de certains autres grands principes comme celui de la présomption d'innocence et celui de nécessité, et mettre au centre des décisions des notions critiques telle la dangerosité. Sous l'influence du principe de précaution, les concepts-mêmes d'infraction, de responsabilité pénale et de peine sont bousculés avec l'invitation à prendre toujours plus en considération le futur et sa potentialité de danger. Dans cette perspective, et comme pendant au principe de précaution, le droit à la sécurité tend à déplacer la focale sur une approche victimaire de la société au détriment d'une conception ancienne d'un droit pénal fondé sur un équilibre juridique entre sécurité et liberté. Et la politique criminelle guidant ces évolutions fonctionne sur un nouveau modèle qui, dans cette recherche poussée de la sécurité, fait de la précaution à la fois sa finalité interne et sa finalité externe. Cette thèse est donc consacrée à l'étude du principe de précaution appliqué au droit pénal et à la politique criminelle qu'elle examine à la lumière de théories et d'approches pluridisciplinaires. Elle s'attache surtout à travers l'analyse de l'évolution du droit pénal et de certaines thèses criminologiques, à mettre en évidence l'émergence aujourd'hui, et au contact d'une idéologie précautionniste, d'une nouvelle rationalité pénale de précaution fonctionnant selon une méthodologie et avec l'usage d'une terminologie spécifique. / The beginning of the 21st century has seen the implementation of profound legislative reforms which have upset the criminal law and the criminal policy. They took place in a society of risk characterized by the acceleration of the modernity and the production of multiform risks which are linked to it. Gradually the precautionary principle, taken forcibly from the environmental perspective and as an incantation and a refrain, will interfere in those matters to such an extent as to generate consequences on the principle of legality which structures the modern legal rationality, to impose the revision of some other key principles like the presumption of innocence and the principle of necessity, and to place at the center of decisions critical notions such as the danger. Under the influence of the precautionary principle, the very concepts of infraction, of legal responsibility and of punishment are being dislocated by the urgent appeal to take more and more into consideration the future and its potentiality of danger. In this perspective and under the growing pressure of the precautionary principle, the right to security tends to focalize upon a victimizing approach of the society at the expense of an old conception of criminal law founded upon the legal balance between security and liberty. And the criminal policy guiding those developments operate as a new model, which in its obsessional quest of security, makes of the precautionary principle both its internal and external finality. This thesis is thus devoted to the study of the precautionary principle as it is applied to the criminal law and to the criminal policy which it examines through theories and multidisciplinary approaches .Its main objective is, by the examination of the evolution of the criminal policy and of some theories of criminology, and in contact with the ideology of precaution, to highlight the current emergence of a new legal rationality of precaution which operates according to a specific methodology and by the use of a specific terminology.

A medida cautelar e a antecipação de tutela são espécies do mesmo gênero de tutela jurisdicional. A doutrina diverge quanto à diferença dos dois institutos. Ambas exercem a mesma função de garantir a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil disciplina conjuntamente as atuais medidas cautelares e a antecipação de tutela. Elas são essenciais para a tutela jurisdicional do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado porque o dano ambiental frequentemente é irreparável ou de difícil reparação. A Constituição Federal de 1988 garantiu a autonomia do direito ambiental no direito brasileiro, que tem princípios e regras próprios. O princípio da precaução tem especial relevância no direito ambiental porque visa mitigar ou eliminar o risco de dano, ainda que não haja certeza científica. O princípio da precaução é aplicado por diversos institutos do direito administrativo, como o licenciamento ambiental. Se a proteção do meio ambiente pelo Poder Executivo e pelo Poder Legislativo não for suficiente, é cabível tutela jurisdicional. As ações coletivas e as ações de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade são adequadas para a proteção do meio ambiente. A tutela de urgência, que pode ser concedida nas referidas ações, é um dos instrumentos para garantir a efetividade do princípio da precaução para a proteção do meio ambiente, pois pode evitar o dano ambiental no curso do processo judicial. / The preliminary injunction and the provisional injunction are species of the same genus to judicial review. The doctrine diverges as the difference between the two institutes. Both perform the same function of ensuring the effectiveness of the remedy. Design of the new Code of Civil Procedure jointly governs the current preliminary injunction and provisional injunction. They are essential to judicial protection of the right to an ecologically balanced environment because environmental damage is often irreparable or difficult to repair. The Federal Constitution of 1988 guaranteed the autonomy of environmental law in Brazilian law which has own rules and principle. Precautionary principle has particular relevance in environmental law because it seeks to mitigate or eliminate the risk of damage, although there is no scientific certainty. Precautionary principle is applied by various institutes of administrative law, such as environmental licensing. If the protection of the environment by the Executive Branch and the Legislative Branch is not sufficient, it is appropriate jurisdictional tutelage. The class actions and actions for declaration of constitutionality and unconstitutionality are suitable for protecting the environment. The preliminary injunction, which may be granted in such actions, is one of the instruments to ensure the effectiveness of the precautionary principle to protect the environment because it can avoid environmental damage during the judicial proceedings.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-08-16T12:52:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aírton Guilherme Berger Filho_.pdf: 3649057 bytes, checksum: d1a3ef84e969f34fdf417f3831891952 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T12:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aírton Guilherme Berger Filho_.pdf: 3649057 bytes, checksum: d1a3ef84e969f34fdf417f3831891952 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo tem como objeto a análise das interações plurais na regulação e governança dos riscos das nanotecnologias, a partir da perspectiva dialética do Direito em rede, com foco na compreensão dos aspectos multidimensionais que envolvem o princípio da precaução. Como problema de pesquisa, questionamos: Qual o alcance e a pertinência da aplicação do princípio da precaução, no cenário dinâmico e descentralizado de regulação e governança dos riscos nanotecnológicos? A resposta parte de duas premissas: a) o desenvolvimento das nanotecnologias opera em “redes sociotécnicas”, o que impõe a necessidade de pensar mais em termos de coordenação de interesses, do que em controle por um Direito centralizado e hierárquico; b) as particularidades das nanotecnologias são um tema complexo demais para serem abordadas satisfatoriamente por perspectivas reducionistas do Direito e de outras Ciências. Neste contexto, defendemos como hipótese a aplicação do princípio da precaução no desenvolvimento das nanotecnologias: a) por ser compatível e estar presente em múltiplas estratégias de regulação, com diferentes forças normativas (hard law e soft law), comunicando distintas normatividades (legais e não-legais), em diversos níveis (do local ao global); b) por servir como fundamento à formação de políticas e à tomada de decisões, enquanto princípio de ação antecipada frente às incertezas científicas, no sentido da prudência e da democratização da tecnociência. Em que pesem as dificuldades na aplicação do princípio da precaução às tecnologias emergentes e afastada a visão equivocada de que este se trataria de um princípio de abstenção, entendemos ser um importante mecanismo para comunicar o dever de prudência na rede de governança tecnológica, enquanto “ação comedida”, em um duplo sentido, tanto para impor processos mais democráticos de avaliação dos riscos, como para nortear a tomada de decisão no sentido político. / The object of this academic research is the analysis of plural interactions in the governance of the risks and uncertainties of nanotechnology, from the perspective of dialectic of the law as a network, developed by Ost and Kerchove, focusing on comprehension of multi-dimensional aspects involving the precautionary principle. As a research problem, it is questioned: what is the scope and relevance of applying the precautionary principle, in the dynamic and decentralized scene, in the regulation and governance of (nano)technological risks? The answer comes from two premises: a) the development of nanotechnology operates in “socio-technical networks”, which imposes the need of thinking more in terms of coordination of interests than in control by a centralized and hierarchical right; b) the particularities of nanotechnology are a very complex topic to be approached satisfactorily by reductionist perspectives of Law and Sciences, and it may take very serious risks so that the power of decision is restricted to scientists, politicians, and economic agents. In this context, we support the hypothesis in applying the precautionary principle: a) for being compatible and being present in multiple regulatory strategies, with different normative forces (hard law and soft law), communicating distinct normativity (legal and non-legal), at several levels (from local to global); b) for serving as a foundation to the formation of policies and to decision making, as an action principle anticipated in relation to the scientific uncertainty, in the sense of prudence and democratization of Technoscience. Regardless of the difficulties in applying this principle to emerging technologies, and moved the mistaken view away whereof it is about an abstention principle, we see it as an important mechanism for communicating the duty of care to all the technological governance network, as a “measured action”, in a double sense, both to impose more democratic processes of risks assessment and to guide the decision making in the political sense.

Kemikalier utgör en grundläggande beståndsdel av det senindustriella samhället, och en omfattande produktion av kemikalier brukar allmänt anses som en nödvändig förutsättning för teknisk utveckling och ekonomisk tillväxt. I Sverige ledde miljölarmen om DDT, PCB och kvicksilver på 1960- och 1970-talet till inrättandet av ett system för kemikaliekontroll som brukar framhållas som ett av världens främsta. Avhandlingen undersöker detta kontrollsystem och dess logik. Detta görs genom textanalys av propositioner, statliga utredningar, rapporter från Naturvårdsverket och Kemikalieinspektionen, samt genom intervjuer med anställda på sistnämnda myndigheter. Analysen identifierar kemikaliekontroll i Sverige som ett system genomsyrat av motsättningar, vilka bottnar i en epistemologisk paradox som innebär att ju mer kunskap som ackumuleras om kemikalier, desto mer ökar osäkerheten. Den konstanta ökningen av världens kemikalieproduktion, i kombination med kemikaliers epistemologiska komplexitet, placerar kontrollmyndigheterna i en omöjlig sits. Samtidigt visar avhandlingen att myndigheterna är delaktiga i att upprätthålla detta kontrollsystem som till stor del är ett system av simulerad kontroll. Dels förmedlar kontrollsystemet genom sin blotta existens intrycket av kontroll, och dels fungerar vissa centrala regulatoriska begrepp som signaler om kontroll, trots att de visar sig vara ihåliga. På så vis blir osäkerhet inom kontrollsystemet alltid ett undantag, trots att den är så utbredd. / Chemical substances have become an inextricable feature of the late-industrial society, deemed necessary for the welfare, technological development and economic growth that large parts of the world have come to expect. In Sweden, the identification in the 1960s and 1970s of DDT, PCB and mercury as serious environmental threats led to the establishment of a system of chemicals control which is widely held to be one of the most advanced in the world. The thesisexamines this control system, its possibilities, its problems and its logic, through text analysis of state reports, governmental propositions, the reports of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Swedish Chemicals Agency (SCA), and interviews with employees at these agencies. The analysis shows chemicals control in Sweden to be a system pervaded with contradictions, which may be explained by an epistemological paradox at its core: that the accumulation of knowledge only serve to increase uncertainty. The constant increase of chemicals production, in combination with the highly unpredictable character of chemicals in the environment, puts the monitoring agencies in an impossible situation, always working against the tide. The thesis also shows, however, that the agencies are themselves an important part of maintaining a system of control that is to a large extent simulated. This in the sense that the system, by its very existence as well as by the circulation of regulatory concepts and principles within it which are in fact without much substance, always signals control, and constitute uncertainty as the exception.

Life scientists have increasingly been asked to incorporate a dual use responsibility in their research conduct. In this thesis, different aspects of what constitutes a reasonable responsibility in terms of avoiding harmful misuse of research for biological weapon purposes have been explored. The first study investigated the claim that scientists have a dual use responsibility, and also outlined some of its possible content. Criteria for what may constitute preventable harm were used to analyze some proposed obligations in the field, and it was concluded that reasonable obligations include: e.g. considering the potential negative implications of one’s research and reporting activities of concern. In the second study, the conditions for a Precautionary Principle (PP) were explored and applied to the dual use research context. The study found that the main conditions of the PP frequently appear in present discussions and formulations of life scientists’ responsibility. It was also concluded that the PP is applicable to the dual use field and that it is meaningful and useful as a normatively guiding principle. The third study suggested an ethics of dissemination, based on the assumption that scientists have a responsibility to occasionally constrain the dispersion of their research findings. Three core aspects were proposed for an ethics of dual use dissemination. Additionally, to help scientists understand when constraints may be justified, three corresponding conditions for their application were suggested. In the fourth study, the concept of ethical competence was introduced and explored within a dual use context. It was concluded that competence-building is important in the nurturing of individual responsibility and, subsequently, in achieving a culture of dual use responsibility in the life sciences. Finally, the discussion on ethical competence was included in a proposed ethic of deliberation, in which various stakeholders in the dual use debate are conceived to participate in communicative processes. It was argued that spaces for deliberative activities should be institutionalized by the scientific community to ensure structural opportunities for individuals to both assume responsibility and share it. Moreover, it was argued that deliberation can constitute a cornerstone of responsible dual use governance.

Climate change tests the limits of human understanding of complexity and uncertainty. It challenges assumptions about our presumed power of control over this planet. This paper examines the theory of how governmental executive branch agencies make regulation decisions about climate change using the decision-making methodologies of cost-benefit analysis and the precautionary principle, and as influenced by perceptions of the bounds of human rationality and ability to deal with risk and uncertainty.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_js_me_fran.pdf: 985108 bytes, checksum: 257061c3aa6cc24026ea7f43385474ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o importante papel desempenhado pelo Princípio da Precaução (PP) no cenário atual, ou seja, em um contexto de grandes avanços tecnológicos, notadamente no que se refere às atividades biotecnológicas, o que vem proporcionando à sociedade, ao mesmo tempo, tanto sentimentos de esperança por um futuro promissor quanto incertezas de eventuais riscos à saúde das pessoas e ao meio ambiente. Busca-se, com isso, demonstrar as preocupações éticas em torno do tema que, em razão de sua natureza, por envolver interesses ligados à vida humana e à proteção ao meio ambiente, deram impulso ao desenvolvimento dos Princípios Bioéticos. Assim, discute as interrelações existentes entre esse novo ramo do saber e o tratamento dado às questões ligadas à biotecnologia. E, em razão da relevância em torno destes fatos e as conseqüências que lhe são inerentes, entende-se como inevitáveis as influências no âmbito jurídico, destacando-se a criação de novos institutos jurídicos, que surgem enquadrados no novo ramo do Biodireito. Ressalta-se, assim, a importância do Princípio da Precaução para o melhor e adequado tratamento dos problemas envolvendo biossegurança, seja do ponto de vista bioético, seja do ponto de vista biojurídico, tendo em vista a sua inserção no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, sobretudo diante de previsão expressa trazida pela Lei n.º 11.105/05. Procuramos demonstrar como o seu surgimento se dá juntamente com a evolução do conhecimento que, em razão de seu avanço, cria maiores possibilidades de intervenção do ser humano no meio ambiente e em seu próprio organismo. Destacamos, por fim, os seus mais importantes aspectos no momento de se determinar a responsabilidade em biossegurança tendo em vista as normas atualmente previstas no âmbito da atual Lei de Biossegurança. Assim, através da análise legislativa, doutrinária e jurisprudencial... / This essay has as objective an analysis of the significant role of the Precautionary Principle (PP) in the present scene, that’s it, the stage of grand technologic leaps, notably in regard to biotech activities, which is providing, at the same time, many feelings of hope for a promising future and uncertainties and occasional health and environmental risks to the society. We seek, with that, to demonstrate the ethical concerns around a subject which, by its own nature, involves connected interests to the human and wildlife conservation that started the development of Bioethics principles. In that way, the existing inter-relations between this new branch of knowledge and its treatment in view of the questioning about biotechnology are discussed. And, given the importance around these facts and its inherent results, its influence to the legal sphere are taken as inevitable, distinguishing the creation of new legal institutes, fitted in the new branch of BioLaw. It stands out the importance of Precautionary Principle to better and adequate deal with biosafety issues, be it from the bioethics, or the BioLaw point of view, because of its national legal arrangement insertion, mainly on account of the expressed due conveyed by Law no. 11.105/05. We evince that its emergence occurs along with the development of knowledge, and because this development, more possibilities of human intervention in the environment and in its own organic structure are created. At last, we take note of the important aspects when determining biosafety responsibilities, in light of the Biosafety Law precepts at present. Thus, with legislative, doctrinal, and jurisprudential analysis, and by means of deductive-intuitive method, through a criticdialectic approach on the topic, we evidence, finally, the means by which an PP adjustment to the national reality will be made, so that it will not hinder involved interests on biotech research, to the extent that its conceptual...