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The world crucially needs to reduce the level of emissions being released in the environment in order to combat climate change. With the global population increasing and economies continuing to grow, the circular economy has been heralded by many as the potential solution to economic prosperity whilst also reducing primary resource use and emissions. However, the existence of environmental rebound effect has the potential to severely limit the emission reductions of the circular economy by increasing consumption elsewhere. This paper focuses on the definition of economic rebound effect and on its impact on a peer-to-peer boat sharing platform in Finland. A survey completed by users of the platform allowed for the quantitative analysis of environmental rebound effect experienced by the users and also provide insight into the consumption behaviour that created the most negative consequences. Rebound was experienced by almost all users with almost a third of users experiencing a backfire in which their overall emissions increased as a result of consumption made possible by the economic benefits of shared access. Primary production and the substitution of air travel for the leasing of a boat created large reductions in emissions, however, this was counteracted by increases in personal use and increased air travel by others. This real-life study of environmental rebound effect shows both its existence and impact on the peer-to-peer sharing of boats in Finland.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-08T12:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MPCC- Caroline de Souza Ferraz.pdf: 2352368 bytes, checksum: 0bdbc99e0db36e10a25810609c25a4b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-08T12:18:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MPCC- Caroline de Souza Ferraz.pdf: 2352368 bytes, checksum: 0bdbc99e0db36e10a25810609c25a4b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-08T12:34:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MPCC- Caroline de Souza Ferraz.pdf: 2352368 bytes, checksum: 0bdbc99e0db36e10a25810609c25a4b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-08T12:34:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MPCC- Caroline de Souza Ferraz.pdf: 2352368 bytes, checksum: 0bdbc99e0db36e10a25810609c25a4b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / Collaboration is no longer just a human value, it has become a lifestyle. With the rise of virtual communities and social networks, individuals have taken up collaborative principles and practices, going beyond the cyberspace and applying them to other physical dimensions of life. This behavior change has become a global phenomenon, transforming the way people live and consume. Within this context, this research aims to understand the motivations that lead to sharing economy, focusing on young people from the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, who were born in the 1990s and grew up with the advent of the internet. The study proposes a dialogue between authors such as Bockmann (2013), Lamberton and Rose (2011), Van de Glind (2013) and Hamari et al. (2013) in order to understand the different motivational factors, besides quantifying this information based on a survey conducted with 570 respondents. Results contribute to the literature as well to the Brazilian market regarding sharing economy, showing that the relationship between Brazilians and this economic alternative, despite the strengthening of collective values, is still quite individual and rational. The main motivations involved are convenience and flexibility, reduction of costs and access to new and differentiated services, all of them considered extrinsic, driven by a benefit or a reward. Social and sustainable factors, for instance, were not direct motivations. More than bringing greater understanding about the phenomenon, this research seeks to foster discussions and new studies about the future of sharing economy / A colaboração deixou de ser somente um valor e tornou-se um estilo de vida. Com a ascensão das comunidades virtuais e redes sociais, os indivíduos retomaram os princípios e práticas colaborativas que extrapolaram o ciberespaço e passaram a ser aplicadas a outras dimensões físicas da vida. Essa mudança de comportamento tornou-se um fenômeno global, transformando o modo como as pessoas vivem e consomem. Dentro desse contexto, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo entender as motivações que levam à adesão da economia colaborativa, tendo como foco jovens da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo nascidos na década de 1990 ˗ que cresceram com o advento da internet. O estudo propõe um diálogo entre autores como Bockmann (2013), Lamberton e Rose (2011), Van de Glind (2013) e Hamari et al. (2013) com a finalidade de compreender os diferentes fatores motivacionais para a colaboração e atribui quantificações a eles por meio de uma pesquisa survey com 570 entrevistados. Os resultados contribuem tanto para a literatura quanto para o mercado brasileiro no que diz respeito à economia colaborativa, mostrando que a relação do brasileiro, apesar do fortalecimento de valores coletivos, ainda é bastante individual e racional. As principais motivações relacionadas aos serviços financeiros consistem na conveniência e praticidade, redução de custos e no acesso a serviços novos e diferenciados, todas elas consideradas extrínsecas, ou seja, em função de um benefício ou recompensa. Os fatores sociais e sustentáveis, por sua vez, não se mostraram impulsionadores diretos. Mais do que trazer maior compreensão sobre o fenômeno, esta investigação busca fomentar discussões e novos estudos acerca do futuro da economia colaborativa.

Selected aspects of sharing economy with emphasis on Airbnb and Uber Abstract This paper focuses on the legal regulation of digital platforms which are used to arrange short-term accommodation (the most popular representative is Airbnb) and passenger transport (where Uber is the best-known platform). In the introduction the author explains why he considers it inappropriate to say these platforms are part of "sharing economy", although this term is currently widely used. In addition, the author examines the benefits of Airbnb and Uber platforms in general, such as user comfort, a rating system that allows quality control of provided services, lower prices for the customer than with traditional service providers and a simple way to earn some extra money. At the same time, the author mentions negative aspects of these platforms, such as lower collection of taxes and fees, poor protection of employees and potentially also customers, or reduction of availability and quality of housing. In the next part of the paper the author focuses on each of the mentioned platforms and evaluates the regulation of these platforms, or rather service providers that use these platforms, in the light of both Czech and European case law. The author concludes that the use of apartments for the continuous provision of accommodation...

The phenomenon of renting out your own home is a trend that has been spread worldwide. From a spatial behavior, human territory has opened in society by making the power over its geographical area accessible to people which the landlord does not need to have any relation to. A business site, based on the sharing economy, which has gained ground today, is Airbnb. This study aims to map out experiences and opinions of the sharing economy and Airbnb from two perspectives, central social actors and the population. A mix of qualitative and quantitative research is made. The study shows that there are differences in experiences and opinions, which have consequences for the population, such as precarious regulations and income declaration. Our research also shows that there is a change in social behavior through the sharing economy, which at best can become a creative development for the population who want to be part of the sharing economy. / Fenomenet att hyra ut sitt eget hem till andra är en trend som gjort succé världen över. Ur ett rumsligt beteende öppnas människans territorialitet upp i samhället genom att makten över sitt geografiska område tillgängliggörs för personer som uthyraren inte behöver ha någon relation till sedan tidigare. En affärsidé, med utgångspunkt ur delningsekonomi, som fått fäste i dagens samhälle är Airbnb. Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga erfarenheter och åsikter av delningsekonomi och Airbnb utifrån den två perspektiven samhällsaktörer och befolkningen. En blandning av kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning görs. Studien visar att det finns skillnader i erfarenheter och åsikter som har konsekvenser för befolkningen, exempelvis osäkra förordningar och inkomstdeklaration. Vår forskning visar på att det finns en förändring av socialt beteende genom delningsekonomin, som i bästa fall kan bli en kreativ utveckling för befolkningen som vill vara en del av delningsekonomin.

Until now, car ownership has been a symbol of wealth and personal freedom. The high value of the car in society has been enforced by the powerful automotive industry with their well-funded marketing budgets. Currently, there are one billion cars worldwide, possibly increasing to 2,8 billion by 2050. However, the awareness of the negative consequences of car ownership on the environment, cities, and individuals in terms of reduced personal and financial freedom is increasing. The trend towards collaborative consumption involving activities like sharing and trading is leading to a shift from ownership to the access of goods and services. In this context, carsharing is receiving more and more attention and the number of users for B2C carsharing models is increasing exponentially. The least-developed business model with the biggest opportunities in terms of environmental benefits is peer-to-peer carsharing (P2P carsharing). Providers face daunting problems in reaching critical mass, due to a lack of consumer acceptance. Academic contributions on the topic are rare. The goal of this dissertation is to capture the acceptance factors, barriers and success factors for P2P carsharing. Additionally, the phenomenon is explored within the perspective of disruptive technologies, including the connected car and autonomous vehicles. A comprehensive literature review including collaborative consumption, carsharing, and in particular P2P carsharing, has been conducted. A mixed-method approach has been used. Qualitative interviews with leading academic and industry experts in the field of collaborative consumption and shared mobility, as well as a focus group discussion, have been executed. In the quantitative survey, the identified factors have been integrated into the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM), the theoretical foundation of the work. A representative survey was conducted in Austria with 801 respondents. The results were generated by applying a partial least squares analysis. Results show that the TAM model, including the extensions, appeared to be applicable. In particular, people with an innovative mindset are open to the usage of the business model. The main motivational factors for participating are economic, utility and enjoyment. The personal attachment towards one's own car remains one of the main barriers, next to fear of sharing and loss of convenience. Success factors in increasing acceptance are - among others - trust, value-added services and keyless car exchange. The preferred usage model for autonomous vehicles tends to be ownership. Even though the awareness of P2P carsharing is rather low among the Austrian population, 13,6% state that they would use the service. Sharing one's privately owned autonomous vehicle with others met with even higher levels of approval from the respondents. The extension of the TAM, as well as its application to a new field outside information system (IS) research, can be viewed as the major academic contribution of this work. Practical implications for P2P carsharing providers and the automotive industry include strategic recommendations regarding the current disruptive trends within the automotive industry. In particular, concrete measures have been identified to scale the business model by addressing new customers and reducing the identified barriers by providing extensive knowledge of relevant success factors.

The thesis focuses on professional and didactical points of view on digitalization in high school social science education. The aim of the thesis is to create a series of lessons for high schools (grammar schools) based on research on digitalization, which is supposed to aid students in better orientation at the labour market. At the same time, the didactical part is designed to be used and adapted by teachers interested in the topic. The theoretical part presents the professional background of the prepared lessons including key words, corresponding arguments and the general work basis of the author. Professional topics are transformed into a form didactically appropriate at the chosen level of secondary education (grammar schools). The practical part consists of a series of lessons focusing on changes in the labour market related to digitalization and technology development. Individual lessons are dedicated to online sharing economy platforms such as Uber and Airbnb, which change the concept of work in today's society and determine new working conditions of employees. The professional background of the prepared series of lessons defines the key terms and points to the historical context of work development in individual chapters; furthermore, it focuses on the following topics: the meaning of work...

Submitted by Jonas Wesselmann (jonas.wesselmann@me.com) on 2018-07-12T13:29:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Jonas Wesselmann.pdf: 719544 bytes, checksum: 158cdfd17ce57476fb161be98626fbf3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa en (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2018-07-17T20:01:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Jonas Wesselmann.pdf: 719544 bytes, checksum: 158cdfd17ce57476fb161be98626fbf3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T13:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Jonas Wesselmann.pdf: 719544 bytes, checksum: 158cdfd17ce57476fb161be98626fbf3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-19 / Purpose – This work aims to identify how people of the Generation Y in Germany see the future of mobility with a special focus on car ownership. Furthermore, determinants influencing car ownership are analyzed and implications for the automotive industry are drawn. Design/Methodology – The research relies on primary data collected through an online survey among 20 – 27 years old people in Germany. In order to draw valid conclusions, the data was analyzed carrying out logistic regressions. Findings – Two main factors that influence the likelihood if people own a car were identified. Living in rural areas and being employed are positively associated with car possession, while no significant relationship between environmental attitude and car ownership could be identified. Research limitations – The older part of the Generation Y, those above 27 years, was not covered by the data, therefore no general conclusions on the behavior of the whole generation and international differences can be drawn. Practical implications – This research can help corporations in the automotive and mobility industries to further understand and differentiate their target segment. People of the Generation Y cannot be seen as one homogenous group but need to be identified as fragmented subgroups with entirely different needs and desires. Originality – To the knowledge of the author, this is the first study that combines the topics of Generation Y and sharing economy with the trends in the automotive industry to identify peoples’ perception of mobility. / Proposta – O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar como a geração Y alemã vê o futuro da mobilidade com especial atenção na compra de automóveis. Além disso, os fatores que influenciam a compra de carro privado são analisados assim como o impacto que causam na indústria automóvel. Metodologia – A pesquisa é baseada em dados primários que foram recolhidos através de um questionário online. A população alvo são alemães entre os 20-27 anos. Com o objetivo de obter conclusões válidas, a data foi analisada através de regressões logísticas. Resultados – Os dois fatores que influenciam a probabilidade de as pessoas comprarem carro privado foram identificadas. Viver em áreas rurais e ter um emprego estão associadas positivamente à posse de carro, no entanto não existe uma relação significativa entre atitude ambiental e ter carro. Limitações de Pesquisa – A parte mais velha da geração Y, ou seja, acima dos 27 não foi usada para a data, o que significa que não é possível tirar conclusões gerais no comportamento completo da geração Y e pode haver diferenças internacionais. Implicações práticas – Esta pesquisa pode ajudar empresas na indústria automóvel e de mobilidade a perceberem melhor e diferenciar o seu segmento objetivo. A população da geração Y não pode ser vista como um grupo homogéneo, tem que ser identificado como um grupo fragmentado com diferentes necessidades e objetivos. Originalidade – Para conhecimento do autor, esta pesquisa é o primeiro estudo que combina tópicos sobre a geração Y e economia da partilha com as tendências da indústria automóvel para identificar a perceção que as pessoas tem sobre mobilidade

Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2016-10-20T18:27:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Karolina Matias Ferreira.pdf: 1958579 bytes, checksum: 7734919c09d0804e0cdb66d556f7d70f (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Favor incluir no trabalho a ficha catalográfica (elemento obrigatório), após a folha de rosto. Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992 on 2017-01-27T10:34:07Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2017-02-08T17:33:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Karolina Matias Ferreira.pdf: 1958579 bytes, checksum: 7734919c09d0804e0cdb66d556f7d70f (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Favor incluir no trabalho a ficha catalográfica (elemento obrigatório), após a folha de rosto. Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992 on 2017-02-15T11:38:43Z (GMT) / Submitted by Marcia Silva (marcia@latec.uff.br) on 2017-05-09T19:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Karolina Matias Ferreira.pdf: 2057173 bytes, checksum: 9278f51b6021c18c4dba8d03327fbcd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-15T14:38:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Karolina Matias Ferreira.pdf: 2057173 bytes, checksum: 9278f51b6021c18c4dba8d03327fbcd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T14:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Karolina Matias Ferreira.pdf: 2057173 bytes, checksum: 9278f51b6021c18c4dba8d03327fbcd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / Ao conectarem diretamente viajantes e proprietários de imóveis, as plataformas online de aluguel por temporada vêm ganhando força, nos últimos anos, e, por representarem um tipo de inovação no setor de turismo, podem afetar diretamente os meios de hospedagem tradicionais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar como esse tipo de consumo colaborativo afeta a competitividade dos meios de hospedagem localizados em cinco municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, de acordo com a percepção de seus gestores. A pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, foi realizada por meio de aplicação de questionário eletrônico. Quanto à percepção sobre econômica compartilhada, consumo colaborativo e plataformas online, os resultados indicaram duas situações possíveis: os gestores possuem entendimento limitado sobre esses temas e/ou apenas parte do que é reportado na literatura foi percebido por eles em seus empreendimentos. Em relação as estratégias consideradas mais importantes para manutenção da competitividade nessa nova conjuntura econômica, foram identificadas seis estratégias que revelaram, fundamentalmente, a preocupação dos gestores quanto à viabilidade, à diferenciação de seus negócios e ao alinhamento às tendências tecnológicas / The online home-rental platforms have been gaining strength lately, in the tourism sector, and, by connecting hosts and travelers, represent a kind of innovation that may affect traditional lodging enterprises. The present study aimed to investigate how this type of collaborative consumption affects the competitiveness of lodging facilities located in five cities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, according to the managers’ perception. The research is qualitative and exploratory. In respect to the perception of sharing economy, collaborative consumption and online platforms, the results indicated two possible situations: managers have a limited understanding of these themes and/or only part of what is reported in the literature was perceived by them in their businesses. Regarding the strategies considered most important for competitiveness maintenance in this new economic context, six strategies were identified and they fundamentally revealed the concern of managers on the feasibility, the differentiation of their businesses and on the alignment with technology trends

The agri-food industry is an important economic and social engine in many countries, not only because of its economic importance, but also because of its vital significance. For years, it has been possible to consider that this sector evolution has conducted to the development of centralized and global distribution networks. These global distribution networks, in a market of low value-for-weight products, are more efficient the more centralized their logistics be. This new paradigm has a collateral effect which is the difficult survival of the small producer-sellers with the problems that this entails for citizens as society members. This thesis is part of a project conducted by the Universitat Politècnica de València professors named as HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). The project aims to facilitate the development of a triple bottom-line food product market, generating the technological and business bases to reduce entry barriers, so that anyone, anywhere in the world can become an agent that approaches any producer to any consumer. The aim of this thesis is to "provide a methodology for identifying and analysing business models through case studies, with the objective of creating a triple bottom-line, replicable and non-scalable business model bank in the agri-food industry". The application of this methodology provides a tool that facilitates the replicability of business models in the agri-food business context. In addition, it allows to identify those triply sustainable and non-scalable models that can be implemented by consumers, producers and intermediaries. The research work is carried out from literature reviews to understand the business models scope, triple bottom-line business and the context of the agri-food economy, as well as the application of the case study research methodology, for which the proposal is validated. This thesis gives three fundamental contributions: a methodology to identify and analyse a business model through study cases, a triple bottom-line assessment model within the agri-food economy framework, and three food retailing business model analysis. / El sector agroalimentario supone un importante motor económico y social en muchos países, no solo por su relevancia económica, sino también por su significado vital. Desde hace años se puede considerar que la evolución del sector ha derivado en el desarrollo de redes de distribución centralizadas y globales. Estas redes de distribución globales, en un mercado de productos de bajo ratio valor/peso, son más eficientes cuanto más centralizada esté su logística. Este nuevo paradigma tiene como efecto colateral la difícil pervivencia del pequeño productor-vendedor con los problemas que esto supone para el ciudadano en cuanto a miembro de la sociedad. Esta tesis se enmarca en un proyecto de profesores de la Universitat Politècnica de València denominado HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). El proyecto tiene el objetivo de facilitar el desarrollo de un mercado triplemente sostenible de productos alimentarios, generando las bases tecnológicas y de negocio que reduzcan las barreras de entrada para que, cualquiera, en cualquier lugar del planeta pueda convertirse en un agente que acerque cualquier productor a cualquier consumidor. El objetivo de esta tesis se concreta en "proporcionar una metodología para la identificación y el análisis de modelos de negocio, a través del estudio de casos prácticos en empresas, con el objeto de confeccionar un banco de modelos de negocio triplemente sostenibles, replicables y no escalables en el sector agroalimentario". La aplicación de esta metodología proporciona una herramienta que facilita la replicabilidad de modelos de negocio en el tejido empresarial agroalimentario. Además, permite identificar aquellos modelos triplemente sostenibles y no escalables, que pueden ser implementados por consumidores, productores e intermediarios. El trabajo de investigación se realiza desde las revisiones de literatura para el entendimiento del ámbito de los modelos de negocio, de la triple sostenibilidad empresarial y del contexto de la economía agroalimentaria, además de la aplicación de la metodología de investigación a tres casos de estudio, con los cuales se valida la propuesta. De esta tesis se extraen tres aportaciones fundamentales: una metodología para identificar y analizar un modelo de negocio a través de casos de estudio, un modelo de evaluación de la triple sostenibilidad en el marco de la economía agroalimentaria, y tres análisis de modelos de negocio de venta al por menor de alimentos. / El sector agroalimentari suposa un important motor econòmic i social en molts països, no només per la seva rellevància econòmica, sinó també pel seu significat vital. Des de fa anys es pot considerar que l'evolució del sector ha derivat en el desenrotllament de xarxes de distribució centralitzades i globals. Estes xarxes de distribució globals, en un mercat de productes de baix ràtio valor/pes, són mes eficients quant mes centralitzada estiga la seua logística. Este nou paradigma té com a efecte col·lateral la difícil pervivència del xicotet productor-venedor amb els problemes que açò suposa per al ciutadà quant a membre de la societat. Esta tesi s'emmarca en un projecte de professors de la Universitat Politècnica de València denominat HOF3M (Heterarchical Open Food 3-sustainable Market). El projecte té l'objectiu de facilitar el desenrotllament d'un mercat triplement sostenible de productes alimentaris, generant les bases tecnològiques i de negoci que reduïsquen les barreres d'entrada perquè, qualsevol, en qualsevol lloc del planeta puga convertir-se en un agent que acoste qualsevol productor a qualsevol consumidor. L'objectiu d'esta tesi es concreta en "proporcionar una metodologia per a la identificació i l'anàlisi de models de negoci, a través de l'estudi de casos pràctics en empreses, amb l'objecte de confeccionar un banc de models de negoci triplement sostenibles, replicables i no escalables en el sector agroalimentari". L'aplicació d'esta metodologia proporciona una ferramenta que facilita la replicabilidad de models de negoci en el teixit empresarial agroalimentari. A més, permet identificar aquells models triplement sostenibles i no escalables, que poden ser implementats per consumidors, productor i intermediaris. El treball d'investigació es realitza des de les revisions de literatura per a l'enteniment de l'àmbit dels models de negoci, de la triple sostenibilitat empresarial i del context de l'economia agroalimentària, a més de l'aplicació de la metodologia d'investigació a tres casos d'estudi, amb els quals es valida la proposta. D'esta tesi s'extrauen tres aportacions fonamentals: una metodologia per a identificar i analitzar un model de negoci a través de casos d'estudi, un model d'avaluació de la triple sostenibilitat en el marc de l'economia agroalimentària, i tres anàlisis de models de negoci de venda al detall d'aliments. / Galeano Revert, AM. (2017). PROPUESTA DE METODOLOGIA PARA LA IDENTIFICACION Y EL ANALISIS DE MODELOS DE NEGOCIO TRIPLEMENTE SOSTENIBLES EN EL SECTOR AGROALIMENTARIO [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/88395 / TESIS