Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebecca Loise De Lucia Freire.pdf: 678666 bytes, checksum: 808722cc334fc5c60f9cbf2c0d0d1959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-15 / It refers to a theoretical research, based on freudian lacanian orientation, that intends to investigate which are the propositions and concepts used at the VII seminary to establish the ethics of psychoanalysis. First of all, we prepared a presentation about the ethics doubts made by Sigmund Freud, in a brief way of his work, based on the text which the author dedicates to discuss questions related to order, ethics and moral in psychoanalysis. As a part of Lacan s theory, we chose to make a deeply reading of his seminary, Book VII, The ethics of Psychoanalysis, showed in 1959 and 1960, in which he argued and discussed around the theme of ethics in psychoanalysis representing a fundamental tool that emphaticizes what Freud´s work and the analytic experience brought as new. For Lacan, the singularity of each individual is the most important item to think about; psychoanalytic ethics is exactly a singular ethics, because of neurotic´s myth being a construction based on a fictional order, tangled in its fundamental fantasy. As the main objective of this search, we want to answer the following questions: What does it mean to say that ethics in psychoanalysis are the unconscious desire s ethics? This question, because of its complexity size, imply in many theoretical unrolling. The specific main of this search refers to get deeper, in this way to visit Lacan s work in the VII seminary epoch, on how the analytic practice deals with the singular desire questions of the individual unconscious, relating to the following aspects: a) theoretical contexts & inquest of the clinical practice; b) the relationship between das Ding with the causation of desire; c) the confront between Kant and Sade and the access of the Thing d) the tragicomical dimention of the psychoanalytic experience / Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza teórica, de orientação freudo-lacaniana, que pretende investigar quais são as proposições e os conceitos lacanianos empregados no momento do Seminário VII para fundamentar a ética da psicanálise. Inicialmente, elaboramos uma apresentação sobre o questionamento ético realizado por Sigmund Freud, em uma breve trajetória de sua obra, com bases nos textos em que o autor se dedica a conceitos que servem para discutir questões de ordem ética/moral para a psicanálise. Como recorte teórico dentro da obra de Jacques Lacan, elegemos fazer uma leitura aprofundada de seu Seminário, Livro VII, A ética da psicanálise , proferido nos anos de 1959 e 1960, no qual Lacan argumenta que a discussão que se reúne em torno do tema da ética da psicanálise mostra-se como um instrumento fundamental para salientar o que a obra de Sigmund Freud e a experiência da psicanálise trouxeram de inédito. Para Lacan, a singularidade de cada sujeito é a questão que interessa para pensar a ética da psicanálise. A ética do desejo é justamente a ética do singular pois o mito do neurótico é uma construção de ordem ficcional, enredado por sua fantasiafundamental. Como objetivo geral desta pesquisa, temos o intento de responder a seguinte interrogação: o que significa dizer que a ética da psicanálise é a ética do desejo inconsciente? Pergunta que, por ser de tamanha complexidade, implica em vários desdobramentos teóricos. Os objetivos específicos da pesquisa pautam-se em aprofundar, neste percurso de visitar a obra de Lacan na época do Seminário VII, como a prática analítica trabalha com a questão do desejo singular do sujeito do inconsciente, abordando os seguintes aspectos: a) contextos teóricos e problematização da clínica psicanalítica; b) a relação de das Ding com a causa do desejo; c) o confronto entre Kant e Sade e o acesso à Coisa; d) a dimensão tragicômica da experiência psicanalítica

Esta tese trata de pensar a ética da escuta clínica em tempos de biopoder. Baseado sobretudo na filosofia esquizoanalítica como intercessora da clínica psicanalítica e na poética de Fernando Pessoa, o estudo definiu como campo problemático a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial brasileira, a partir de variados serviços e intervenções de cuidado que percorreram a atenção à saúde mental, como: Consultório na Rua, Centros de Atenção Psicossocial, Unidades Básica de Saúde, Estratégias de Saúde da Família e Pesquisa na Atenção Básica. Em um contexto de biopoder, produtor de uma subjetividade mínima, entende-se que a escuta volta-se ao corpo como organismo biológico, sem mediação com o desejo. Nesta lógica, a medicalização da vida e o anestesiamento do sofrer, tornam-se as principais práticas de cuidado. No contraponto a este controle capitalístico característico do biopoder, a tese propõe pensar o ato da escuta clínica que se passa na interação junto à potência da desrazão, da loucura e do inconsciente. O ato da escuta clínica emerge aí como dispositivo que se pretende sensibilizador para os acontecimentos inventivos da vida, apoiando cada sujeito, coletivo ou serviço que possui uma angústia a enfrentá-la de maneira inventiva. Trata-se, pois, da criação de dispositivos que lancem cada sujeito a um obrar de si e do mundo. A pesquisa indica que a clínica e o clínico que conduzem o escutar a partir do inconsciente, em sua maquinaria desejante, se posicionam, na acolhida do outro que chega para ser cuidado, em um plano intensivo de dessubjetivação de si e do mundo no que tange à formatação moral exercida pelos mecanismos de controle do biopoder: a anatomopolítica, a biopolítica e a tanatopolítica O ato da escuta clínica implica a ética de questionar um viver conservador, moral e não reflexivo, para disso desviar, inventando outros mundos. Evoca, pois, um devir artista, despersonalização que o plano da arte coloca em jogo quando assombra o mundo com suas novidades que ainda não tomaram forma petrificada. Pautada pelo método cartográfico, a pesquisa se desenrola entrecruzando escritas que se confundem, se misturam, confluem e desfluem à medida que o texto vai ganhando delineamentos. Da escrita dissertativa e acadêmica às narrativas de um conto e de crônicas, que insistem em restar, há um íntimo agenciamento que maquina o escrever sobre a clínica. Tal maquinação inicia-se em um percurso afectivo-experimentativo vivenciado pelo autor que instala um campo problemático a partir do cotidiano das práticas clínicas pelas quais exercitou o escutar. Após este anúncio, é apresentada uma análise sobre os mecanismos do biopoder e a decorrente produção de uma subjetividade mínima, subscrita por um modo narcisista de ser e pela morte do desejo, que invade o cotidiano clínico. Deste pano de fundo passa-se a uma exploração textual que envolve diários de campo sobre intervenções do autor entre seu escutar clínico e uma escuta pesquisante viabilizada pela investigação sobre o cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica. Por fim, faz-se uma aproximação da clínica com o plano da arte, articulando uma escuta do inconsciente ao ato inventivo que se movimenta na direção de um obrar-se. / This thesis deals with the ethics of clinical listening in times of biopower. The study defined the Brazilian Psychosocial Attention Network as a problematic field based,especially, on the schizoanalytic philosophy, as an intercessor of the psychoanalytic clinics, and in the poetics of Fernando Pessoa. For this purpose, it is considering several services and care interventions that covered mental health care, as:Consultation Offices in the Street, Psychosocial Care Centers, Basic Health Units, Family Health Strategies, and Primary Care Research. In a context of biopower, a producer of a minimal subjectivity, it is understood that the listening turns to the body as a biological organism without mediation with desire. In this logic, the medicalization of life and the anaesthetization of suffering become the main practices of care. In contrast to this capitalistic control characteristic of biopower, the thesis proposes to think of the act of clinical listening that takes place in the interaction with the power of unreason, madness, and the unconscious. The act of clinical listening emerges as a device that is intended to sensitizer to the inventive events of life, supporting each subject, collective or service that has an anguish to face it in an inventive way.It is, therefore, the creation of devices that launch each subject to work on himself and on the world.The research indicates that the clinical and the clinician who lead the listening from the unconscious, in their desiring machinery, are positioned in the reception of the other that arrives to be taken care of in an intensive plan of desubjectivation of oneself and of the world with regard to the formatting morality exerted by the mechanisms of control of biopower: anatomo-politics, biopolitics, and thanatopolitics The act of clinical listening causes the ethics to question a conservative, moral, and nonreflective life, to divert it, inventing other worlds. It evokes, then, a becoming artist, a depersonalization that the plane of art puts at stake when it haunts the world with its novelties that have not yet taken on petrified form. Guided by the cartographic method, the research is carried out by crisscrossing writings that merge, mingle, conjoin, and no longer converge as the text gains its outlines. From dissertation and academic writing to narratives of a short story and chronicles, that insist on remaining, there is an intimate agency that machinates writing about the clinical practice. Such machination begins in an affective-experiential path experienced by the author thatsettles a problematic field based on the daily routine of the clinical practices through which he exercised the listening. After this announcement, it is presented an analysis on the mechanisms of biopower and the resulting production of a minimal subjectivity, underwrote by a narcissistic way of being and by the death of desire, which are common on clinical routine. From this background, there is a textual exploration that involves field journals about the author's interventions from his clinical listening and hisresearcher's listening, enabled by the research on mental health care in basic care. Finally, the clinical practice is approached with the plan of art, articulating a listening from the unconscious to the inventive act that moves in the direction of a work on itself. / Esta tesis trata de pensar la ética de la escucha clínica en tiempo de biopoder. Embasado sobretodo en la filosofía esquizoanalítica como intercesora de la clínica psicoanalítica y en la poética de Fernando Pessoa, el estudio determinó como campo problemático la Red de Atención Psicosocial brasileña, a partir de variados servicios e intervenciones de cuidado que recorrieron la atención a la salud mental, como: Consultorio de Calle, Centros de atención Psicosocial, Unidades básicas de Salud, Estrategias de Salud de la Familia y Pesquisa en la Atención Básica. En un contexto de biopoder, productor de una subjetividad mínima, se entiende que la escucha se vuelve hacia cuerpo como organismo biológico, sin mediación con el deseo. En esa lógica, la medicalización de la vida y el anestesiamiento del sufrir se convierten en las principales prácticas de cuidado. En el contrapunto a ese control capitalístico característico del biopoder, la tesis propone pensar el acto de la escucha clínica que se pasa en la interacción junto a la potencia de la desrazón, de la locura y del inconsciente. El acto de la escucha clínica emerge ahí como dispositivo que se pretende sensibilizador para los acontecimientos inventivos de la vida, apoyando cada sujeto, colectivo o servicio que posee una angustia a enfrentarla de manera inventiva. Se trata, pues, de la creación de dispositivos que impulsen cada sujeto a un obrar de sí y del mundo. La pesquisa indica que la clínica y el clínico que conducen el escuchar a partir del inconsciente, en su maquinaria deseante, se posicionan, en la acogida del otro que llega para ser cuidado, en un plan intensivo de desubjetivación de sí mismo y del mundo en lo que respeta al formateo moral ejercido por los mecanismos de control del biopoder: la anatomopolítica, la biopolítica y la tanatopolítica El acto de la escucha clínica implica la ética de cuestionar un vivir conservador, moral y no reflexivo, para de eso desviar, creando otros mundos. Evoca, pues, un devenir artista, despersonalización que el plan del arte pone en juego cuando asombra el mundo con sus novedades que todavía no se volvieron petrificadas. Pautada por el método cartográfico, la pesquisa se desarrolla entrecruzando escritas que se confunden, se mesclan, confluyen y desfluyen a medida que el texto gana delineamientos. De la escritura discursiva y académica a las narrativas de un cuento y de crónicas, que insisten en restar, hay un íntimo agenciamiento que maquina el escribir a respeto de la clínica. Tal maquinación tiene inicio en un trayecto afectivo-experimentante vivido por el autor que instala un campo problemático a partir del cotidiano de las prácticas clínicas por las que ejercitó el escuchar. Posteriormente a este anuncio, es presentado un análisis sobre los mecanismos del bipoder y la decurrente producción de una subjetividad mínima, subscrita por un modo narcisista de ser y por la muerte del deseo, que invade el cotidiano clínico. De ese contexto se pasa a una exploración textual que involucra diarios de campo sobre intervenciones del autor entre su escuchar clínico y una escucha pesquisante viabilizada por la investigación sobre el cuidado en salud mental en la atención básica. Por fin, se realiza un acercamiento de la clínica con el plan del arte, articulando una escucha del inconsciente hacia el acto inventivo que se mueve en la dirección de un obrarse.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar como a raça e o racismo afetam a prática dos psicólogos. A partir de uma leitura histórica da construção do que é ser negro no Brasil, discute-se as formas como a Psicologia pode contribuir para o enfrentamento do sofrimento causado pelo racismo. Adota-se a compreensão da raça enquanto uma construção social que reverbera em diversas faces do racismo, entre elas o racismo institucional, que pode refletir e determinar a forma como os negros acessam seus direitos. Apoiada na psicanálise vincular e no conceito de alianças inconscientes de Kaës, averigua-se se e como profissionais do campo da clínica psicológica identificam problemas relacionados ao racismo, analisando como eles atuam diante dessa problemática. As entrevistas abertas tiveram como base os pressupostos de Bleger e realizadas com três profissionais que atuam em dispositivos clínicos em serviços públicos e privados na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Em seguida, identificou-se de que modo as questões raciais são expressas no campo da clínica nesses dispositivos. Foram encontrados aspectos comuns entre as narrativas estudadas com relação ao racismo operar como uma transmissão psíquica entre as gerações e observou-se que há ambiguidade na diferenciação do racismo a outros tipos de preconceitos. Reconheceu-se a contradição entre desejo e a culpa entre as vítimas do racismo nos relatos dos entrevistados. Evidenciou-se a problemática do lugar do negro nos espaços sociais e a relevância dos territórios onde eles podem ou não ocupar. Na clínica psicológica, admitiu-se a existência de estruturantes psíquicos, responsáveis pelo delineamento do sofrimento de ser negro, e que, nessa dimensão, há um espaço para elaboração desse problema. Percebeu-se a importância de respeitar o sujeito enquanto si mesmo antes de fazer os recortes sociais necessários. Além disso, foi descoberta a necessidade de se realizar parcerias para o enfrentamento do racismo, destacando-se ainda o valor da apropriação histórica para que os fenômenos raciais possam ser compreendidos e superados. Este estudo conclui que a atuação da Psicologia se faz necessária política e socialmente / This dissertation aims to investigate how race and racism have affected the practice of psychologists. From a historical reading of what it means to be black in Brazil, we discuss the ways in which Psychology can contribute to confronting the suffering caused by racism. The understanding of race is adopted as a social construction that reverberates on several branches of racism, including institutional racism, which can reflect and determine how blacks access their rights. Based on Linkage Psychoanalysis and on the concept of Unconscious Alliances by Kaës, we investigate whether and how professionals in the field of Psychology Clinic identify problems related to racism, analyzing how they act in face of this issue. Open interviews were conducted based on the assumptions of Bleger and carried out with three professionals who work in clinical settings in public and private services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Then, it was identified how racial issues are expressed in the clinical field. Common aspects were found among the narratives studied regarding racism operating as a psychic transmission between generations. Moreover, it was observed ambiguity in the differentiation of racism from other types of prejudices. The contradiction between desire and guilt among the victims of racism in the interviewees\' accounts was acknowledged. The problematic of the place of the black in social spaces and the relevance of the territories where they can or cannot access were evidenced. In the psychological clinic, the existence of psychic structurants was admitted as responsible for the delineation of the suffering of being black, and in this sense, there is room for further elaboration. The importance of respecting the individual before making necessary social evaluations was recognized. In addition, we discovered the need to realize partnerships to combat racism, highlighting the importance of historical appropriation so that the racial phenomena can be understood and overcome. This study concludes that the performance of Psychology becomes politically and socially necessary

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuvaneideRAC_DISSERT.pdf: 785344 bytes, checksum: fc7f572506ad9da28db929662458f775 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / This work seeks to understand the difficulties and dilemmas that pervade the career choice of teenagers. For this, we take investigative via psyquic unconscious determinations that, as observed in present clinical practice, it is also confirmed important in the reviewed literature. In the last one, the most important findings signaled an important relationship between identification processes and the various choices we make throughout life. These findings led us to question about how psychoanalysis understands these processes and how they are involved in building the career choice of teenagers. From the referential Freudian and Lacanian, we have studied the concepts of adolescence and identification, which articulated the process of career choice and fragments of clinical cases, allowed us to reach conclusions that point to the deep involvement of the dimension of desire and the unconscious in issues regarding career choices and the possibility of building a listening, of the difficulties found there, more attentive to the psychic determinations and singular responses that each presents in front of these determinations / Este trabalho busca compreender as dificuldades e os impasses que permeiam a escolha profissional de adolescentes e jovens. Para isso, tomamos como via investigativa as determina??es ps?quicas inconscientes, que, constatadas como presentes na pr?tica cl?nica, tamb?m se confirmaram importantes na literatura revisada. Nessa, os achados mais relevantes sinalizaram para uma importante rela??o entre os processos identificat?rios e as diversas escolhas que fazemos no decorrer da vida. Tais achados levaram-nos a questionamentos sobre como a Psican?lise compreende tais processos e o modo como eles se implicam na constru??o da escolha profissional de adolescentes e jovens. A partir do referencial freudiano e lacaniano, fizemos um estudo dos conceitos de adolesc?ncia e identifica??o, os quais, articulados ao processo de escolha profissional e a fragmentos de casos cl?nicos, permitiram-nos chegar a conclus?es que apontam para o profundo envolvimento da dimens?o do desejo e do inconsciente, nas quest?es relativas ?s escolhas profissionais, e para a possibilidade de constru??o de uma escuta, das dificuldades a? surgidas, mais atenta ?s determina??es ps?quicas e ?s respostas singulares que cada um apresenta frente a essas determina??es

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar como a raça e o racismo afetam a prática dos psicólogos. A partir de uma leitura histórica da construção do que é ser negro no Brasil, discute-se as formas como a Psicologia pode contribuir para o enfrentamento do sofrimento causado pelo racismo. Adota-se a compreensão da raça enquanto uma construção social que reverbera em diversas faces do racismo, entre elas o racismo institucional, que pode refletir e determinar a forma como os negros acessam seus direitos. Apoiada na psicanálise vincular e no conceito de alianças inconscientes de Kaës, averigua-se se e como profissionais do campo da clínica psicológica identificam problemas relacionados ao racismo, analisando como eles atuam diante dessa problemática. As entrevistas abertas tiveram como base os pressupostos de Bleger e realizadas com três profissionais que atuam em dispositivos clínicos em serviços públicos e privados na região metropolitana de São Paulo. Em seguida, identificou-se de que modo as questões raciais são expressas no campo da clínica nesses dispositivos. Foram encontrados aspectos comuns entre as narrativas estudadas com relação ao racismo operar como uma transmissão psíquica entre as gerações e observou-se que há ambiguidade na diferenciação do racismo a outros tipos de preconceitos. Reconheceu-se a contradição entre desejo e a culpa entre as vítimas do racismo nos relatos dos entrevistados. Evidenciou-se a problemática do lugar do negro nos espaços sociais e a relevância dos territórios onde eles podem ou não ocupar. Na clínica psicológica, admitiu-se a existência de estruturantes psíquicos, responsáveis pelo delineamento do sofrimento de ser negro, e que, nessa dimensão, há um espaço para elaboração desse problema. Percebeu-se a importância de respeitar o sujeito enquanto si mesmo antes de fazer os recortes sociais necessários. Além disso, foi descoberta a necessidade de se realizar parcerias para o enfrentamento do racismo, destacando-se ainda o valor da apropriação histórica para que os fenômenos raciais possam ser compreendidos e superados. Este estudo conclui que a atuação da Psicologia se faz necessária política e socialmente / This dissertation aims to investigate how race and racism have affected the practice of psychologists. From a historical reading of what it means to be black in Brazil, we discuss the ways in which Psychology can contribute to confronting the suffering caused by racism. The understanding of race is adopted as a social construction that reverberates on several branches of racism, including institutional racism, which can reflect and determine how blacks access their rights. Based on Linkage Psychoanalysis and on the concept of Unconscious Alliances by Kaës, we investigate whether and how professionals in the field of Psychology Clinic identify problems related to racism, analyzing how they act in face of this issue. Open interviews were conducted based on the assumptions of Bleger and carried out with three professionals who work in clinical settings in public and private services in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Then, it was identified how racial issues are expressed in the clinical field. Common aspects were found among the narratives studied regarding racism operating as a psychic transmission between generations. Moreover, it was observed ambiguity in the differentiation of racism from other types of prejudices. The contradiction between desire and guilt among the victims of racism in the interviewees\' accounts was acknowledged. The problematic of the place of the black in social spaces and the relevance of the territories where they can or cannot access were evidenced. In the psychological clinic, the existence of psychic structurants was admitted as responsible for the delineation of the suffering of being black, and in this sense, there is room for further elaboration. The importance of respecting the individual before making necessary social evaluations was recognized. In addition, we discovered the need to realize partnerships to combat racism, highlighting the importance of historical appropriation so that the racial phenomena can be understood and overcome. This study concludes that the performance of Psychology becomes politically and socially necessary

Il s’agit dans cette thèse d’un parcours à travers la pensée de Merleau-Ponty afin de mettre en avant la nécessité de l’intervention du lien de l’intérieur topologique des corps de Chair, la nécessité d'une pensée s'adressant à la psychanalyse, à la topologie, à la psychologie, afin de donner une autre ouverture sémantique à l’inconscient, à travers la passivité-activité et la fondation en phénoménologie. Le chiasme, la réversibilité, l’empiètement, l’intercorporéité, l’interschématisme, l’enchevêtrement du désir et du sentir est l’élan pour désigner le narcissisme esthésiologique du corps à l’espace, le mouvement de son institution, sa corrélation et sa formation continue dans l’espace vécu.De l'espace des puzzles chez Husserl à l'espace vide et combinatoire de la Gestalt théorie, on passera à la courbure de l'espace par l'intervention de l'inachevé du regard afin d'arriver à l'espace enveloppé-enveloppant, à l’intervention de la topologie pour désigner les relations de l’intérieur des corps de Chair chez Merleau-Ponty. Par la suite, l’analyse de l’espace intermédiaire de la conscience-inconscient nous amène à l’espace onirique qui transparaît à l’espace de l’objectivité, et démontre l’intervention de l’imaginaire, du symbolique, du désir et de l’inconscient lors de l’apparaître. / This thesis is about a transversal approach of Merleau-Ponty’s analysis, and aims at determining the need for intervention of topological interrelation within bodies of Flesh, the need to insert a psychoanalytical, topological, psychological approach, in order to give another dimension to the unconscious in combination with the role of passivity-activity and foundation in phenomenology. Chiasm, reversibility, encroachment, intercorporality, interschematism, chiasm of desire and sense are significant to define the esthesiological narcissism of the body in space, the movement of its institution, its correlation and continuing formation in the lived space.From Husserl's space of puzzles to the empty and combinatorial space of the Gestalt theory, we proceed to the curvature of space by intervention of the uncompleted gaze in order to reach the space of enveloped-enveloping, the topology where the internal relations within Merleau-Ponty's body of Flesh are described. Thereafter, the analysis of the intermediary space of consciousness-unconscious leads us to the oniric space which shows through the space of objectivity, and reveals the intervention of the imaginary, the symbolic, the desire and the unconscious in appearance.

Objective: One of the main theoretical proposals of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP; Davanloo, 1990) is that experiencing of previously unconscious guilt over aggressive impulses associated with attachment trauma leads to increase in self-compassion. The present study aimed to test this assumption. Method: Videotaped sessions from five therapies from a randomized controlled trial of 20-sessions of time-limited ISTDP for treatment-refractory depression were rated with the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale (ATOS; McCullough, Larsen, Schanche, Andrews& Kuhn, 2003b). Degree of patient guilt arousal and self-compassion were rated on all available sessions. Data were analyzed using a replicated single-subject time-series approach. Results: Guilt arousal was not shown to positively predict self-compassion for any of the five patients. For one patient guilt arousal negatively predicted self-compassion two sessions ahead in time. Conclusion: The current study yields no support that the experience of guilt over aggressive feelings and impulses leads to increases in self-compassion. On the contrary, the finding that guilt negatively predicted self-compassion for one patient must be considered as an indication that this treatment process might negatively impact self-compassion for some patients in some contexts. However, there are several methodological limitations to the current study in the light of which the results should be regarded as tentative.

Leaders bring unconscious information into their personal and working relationships. Some of this unconscious material is communicated through language use, and it is argued that one of the bridges between the unconscious and the conscious is language use. It is postulated that insight is possible into leaders’ understanding, meaning-making and leadership experience by exploring their language use, as the vehicle through which they make sense of the world. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore by developing and describing a systems psychodynamic model of language use as manifestation of leadership anxiety dynamics, to refine this theoretical model, and to explore the utility value of the theoretical model. A qualitative and descriptive research method was selected towards reaching this aim. Hermeneutic phenomenology, using the systems psychodynamic perspective allowed for the description, analysis and interpretation of the experiences of participants. Data was collected through a purposive, convenient sample, in the form of three listening posts, which comprised systems psychodynamic practitioners, business leaders and post-modern discourse analysts. Data was analysed by means of critical discourse analysis and systems psychodynamically informed discourse analysis. Manifesting themes were the language of titles, as potential space, and the language of silence versus non-silence; anxiety and its triggers, anxiety and leadership response, and anxiety and language use; the sources of anxiety, language as unconscious defence and offence and towards a language of vulnerability. The findings indicated that leaders use both conscious and unconscious expressions of language simultaneously. Language use manifested as the carrier of conscious messages (between sender and receiver) as well as the unconscious role of language, to attack (accessing the dark side of language use) or defend against anxieties, and to cover leadership vulnerabilities. Language use as container, as well as transitional phenomenon (a potential space) is a carrier of anxieties. Language use thus has the potential to be used for its defensive, regressive and relational value. In a world of uncertainty and increasing attack on and by leadership, the findings further indicated that the defended leaders should be aware of the conscious and unconscious impact and outcome of language. Language use is useful as a lens to explore, diagnose and raise awareness, because the unconscious reveals itself through language as speech and image, and through the language of relations and relatedness and the language of action and omission. Since leaders operate in a colliquated space, both at individual and systemic level (i.e. as collisions), leadership anxiety could be elevated, resulting in the access of the dark side of language use. However, when these collisions occur, leadership anxiety could be reduced when the leader enters the reflective or potential space by accessing the relational value of language use. The utility value of the systems psychodynamic model was subsequently also confirmed. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The proof set forward in this thesis is that the method of Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), which he came in the 1970’s to describe as ‘structuralist’, ‘phenomenological’ and even ‘metaphysical’, owes a heretofore unacknowledged debt to Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Critics have thus far neglected the influence of nineteenth and twentieth century psychology in McLuhan’s work, although a wealth of biographical material supports the argument that McLuhan’s ‘metaphysical’ method is derived as much from psychoanalysis and analytical psychology (C.G. Jung) as from any of McLuhan’s acknowledged predecessors. Returning to the texts from which McLuhan gained his knowledge of psychology, I trace the influence of Freud, Jung and their disciples upon McLuhan, establishing McLuhan’s use of Freudian concepts and terminology in his first book The Mechanical Bride (1951), and his use of the psychoanalytic concepts of the ‘unconscious’, ‘trauma’ and ‘repression’ in the books that came after it. What McLuhan calls the ‘unconscious’ is more often named by him as Logos, ‘acoustic space’ or the ‘media environment’, and I trace the debts that these concepts owe not only to Freud and Jung but to Aristotle, St. Thomas Aquinas, gestalt theory, art theory, Henri Bergson, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Wyndham Lewis, Siegfried Giedion, Harold Innis, the French symbolist poets of the late nineteenth century and the British modernists of the early twentieth. Despite his rejection of the Freudian argument, McLuhan, like Freud, conceptualizes pain or trauma as the ‘cause’ of transformations (i.e. processes) in the unconscious; but while for McLuhan, invoking St. Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle, technologies are ‘formal causes’ simultaneous with (or ‘preceded’ by) their effects, for Freud and his modern interpreter Jacques Lacan, trauma is ‘paradoxical’ in structure, presenting as both its own ‘cause’ and ‘effect’. Situating McLuhan in relation to French structuralism, I contrast McLuhan’s concepts of ‘figure’ (as cause) and ‘ground’ (as effects), elaborated in his last book Laws of Media (1988), to the concepts of the ‘signifier’ and the ‘signified’ in Ferdinand de Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics (1916), and critique McLuhan’s ‘tetrad’, the ideograph with which he illustrates media ‘effects’, in relation to the psychoanalytic concept of the signifier elaborated by Lacan. In reply to McLuhan’s maxim that ‘the medium is the message’, I conclude that technologies, insofar as they function as ‘formal causes’, are doubly ‘hidden’: firstly, because, as McLuhan says, they can only be grasped through their effects; and secondly because, as Lacan says, their effects can only be articulated when they manifest as ‘disturbances’ in the symbolic order, i.e., as fantasies of the Other’s jouissance (enjoyment). There are numerous stories about how McLuhan would frustrate his critics by refusing to take a ‘point-of-view’, and in fact his (psychoanalytic) technique of ‘putting on’ the audience as a mask, and his (deconstructivist) manner of changing perspectives as often as necessary, sit oddly with his championing of Logos. A comparison with Freud and Lacan finds McLuhan at a ‘paradoxical’ moment in the history of Western thought, poised between modernism and postmodernism, between structuralism and deconstructivism, and between metaphysics and psychoanalysis. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, 2008

Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.