Ce travail vise à la construction d'un modèle d'intervention sociale qui prend comme base conceptuelle des éléments de la théorie des systèmes sociaux développée par Niklas Luhmann. La prédominance d'une différenciation sociale fonctionnelle, caractéristique d'une société moderne, suppose un monde hétérarchique et acentrique qui oblige à abandonner les principes structurels hiérarchiques des sociétés précédentes. À cet égard, l'intervention sociale ne peut être conçue que si elle s'éloigne du modèle hiérarchique associé au contrôle social, pour ainsi aller vers des stratégies de coordination qui conduisent les systèmes vers une autorégulation. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une intervention sociale systémique caractérisée par sa contextualité et sa réflexivité, mais aussi par son improbabilité et optionnalité, compte tenu de la clôture opérationnelle qui caractérise les systèmes sociaux. Dans ce sens, l'intervention sociale est présentée comme une offre communicationnelle qui, pour avoir lieu, doit d'abord irriter l'autoréférence des systèmes vers lesquels elle dirige sa stratégie pour ainsi être sélectionnée par ces systèmes. Ainsi, elle permettra d'établir des relations intersystémiques, fondées sur l'hétérarchie, au moyen des couplages structurels. À partir de ces caractéristiques, le cycle de l'intervention se constitue comme un processus réflexif caractérisé par sa récursivité. Il comporte les phases de l'intervention où les systèmes participants convergent dans la définition de la stratégie. Ce travail propose finalement d'observer un programme social chilien, le programme Puente [Pont], afin d'observer s'il est possible d'y identifier des éléments d'une intervention sociale systémique. / The present research aims to the construction of a social intervention model considering, as a conceptual background, a number of elements from the theory of social systems developed by Niklas Luhmann. The predominance of a functional social differentiation, typical of modern societies, supposes an acentric and heterarchical world that compels to abandon the hierarchical structural principles of the former societies. To this regard, social intervention can only be conceived if it keeps away from the hierarchical model associated with social control, in order to favor coordination strategies that lead systems toward self-regulation. Consequently, we propose a systemic social intervention characterized by its context and reflexivity, and also by its improbability and optionality, in view of the operational closure that characterizes social systems. To this end, social intervention is presented as a communicational offer which, in order to occur, must at first irritate the autoreference of the systems to which it aims its strategy, in order to thus be selected by those systems. This will allow establishing intersystem relationships through structural couplings based on heterarchy. Stemming from these characteristics, the cycle of intervention is constituted as a reflexive process marked by its recursivity. It includes the intervention stages where the participating systems converge in the definition of its strategy. Finally, this research proposes to observe a Chilean social program, in order to examine if some elements of a systemic social intervention can be identified.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-06T17:17:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo André Olsson.pdf: 1799854 bytes, checksum: 0a833923268b119a275b33522e2bfaa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T17:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo André Olsson.pdf: 1799854 bytes, checksum: 0a833923268b119a275b33522e2bfaa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho investiga a pretensão da Análise Econômica do Direito Penal em contribuir na maneira pela qual o Direito se relaciona com a sociedade contemporânea. Aquela se sustenta na utilização de instrumentos de análise da Ciência Econômica a respeito do comportamento dos seres humanos em sociedade. Investiga o efeito dos incentivos (em um sentido amplo), mensurando as respostas dos "agentes racionais" (mesmo com racionalidade limitada). Nesse contexto, a intenção das análises econômicas consiste em complexificar a perspectiva jurídica a respeito do comportamento humano, no sentido de encontrar melhor responsividade social em relação ao ordenamento jurídico, sobretudo fazendo uso de pesquisas empíricas. Assim, partindo de uma reconstrução da Análise Econômica do Direito Penal, desde o texto seminal de Gary Becker (1968), a pesquisa discute os avanços internos daquela perspectiva, assim como os aportes provenientes da Economia Comportamental. Esse enfoque é assumido em razão de, por si só, a Economia Comportamental (da mesma maneira que as análises empíricas) ser capaz de auxiliar na construção/evolução da dogmática do Direito. Por fim, investiga-se, com fundamentação da Teoria dos Sistemas, a possibilidade de acomplamentos entre os aportes da Ciência Econômica (como comunicação do Sistema da Ciência ou da Economia) em relação ao Sistema do Direito, especialmente considerando as dificuldades de racionalidades consequencialistas, como as propostas ligadas ao agente racional (que reage aos incentivos - ainda que limitadamente, com viéses e com heurísticas de decisão). O resultado considera a possibilidade de ganhos para o Direito, especialmente na maneira de como as normas jurídicas podem ser planejadas e terem sua eficiência e efetividade mensuradas; de outro lado, sugere-se atenção às pesquisas (e a realização de novas) a respeito da percepção e da responsividade dos destinatários das normas jurídicas. Da mesma forma, verificou-se dificuldades para que o Direito alcance objetivos sociais diante da contingência e dos riscos nas sociedades contemporâneas, segundo a perspectiva da Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais. / This research studies the role of the Economic Analysis of Criminal Law in order to verify how it might contributes with the Law in contemporary society. Economic analysis is based on the use of analytical tools of Economic Science with the aim to investigate the way in which humans beings behave in society. Actually, it investigates the effect of incentives (in a broad sense) in human behavior. In this context, the intention of the Law and Economics analysis is to complexify the legal perspective regarding human behavior to find better social responsiveness, in relation to changes in the legal system. Thus, based on a reconstruction of the Economic Analysis of Criminal Law, from the Gary Becker’s seminal text (1968), this research discusses the internal progress of that perspective, and especially the criticism added on it from Behavioral Economics. This approach was chosen because Behavioral Economics, by itself, could be able to assist in the construction of the dogmatic view of Law. Finally, it was investigate, based on System Theory, the theoretical relationship between the contributions of Economic Science (as communications of System Science or Economics) in relation to the System of Law, especially considering the difficulties of “consequentialist rationalities”, as related to the “rational agent” (that reacts to incentives, even with bounded rationality, biases and heuristics of decision). The result suggests the possibility of gains for the Law, especially in the way of how legal rules can be planned and might have measured their efficiency and effectiveness, considering the way of how recipients perceive (and react) to rules changing. In the same perspective, it might be difficult to Law reach social goals in a social contingent and risky society, from the perspective of the Theory of Social Systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iracema Andrea Arantes da Cruz.pdf: 978519 bytes, checksum: 3c1635bc026bcfbd03092fa9af36950f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study analyses the Economy of Communion (EoC), a Project launched within the Focolare Movement - a Catholic, Ecumenical, Interreligious and Intercultural Movement present in 182 countries. The study is based on the hypotheses that the EoC represents a possible means of Catholicism to influence the economic system by acting simultaneously both at civil and religious level. The importance and relevancy of this study lies in the fact that it introduces the EoC in a wider context according to the theory of Social Systems by Niklas Luhmann, which understands modern societies as an entity composed of sub-systems, each of them representing diversified, specialized and relatively autonomous, but inter-related functions for the maintenance and evolution of the major society. Thus religion is recognized as a system co-existing side by side with others, finding ways to maintain itself in relation to them, once it lost its hegemony as a source for social order. Based on the analyses to the emergence, delimitation and the role of the EoC according to Luhmann s approach, the present study argues that EoC can be considered a means in which Catholicism influences non-religious fields by assuming an inter-systemic relation / A presente pesquisa analisa a Economia de Comunhão (EdC), um projeto que surgiu no interior do Movimento dos Focolares católico, ecumênico, inter-religioso e intercultural, presente em 182 países, a partir das hipóteses, segundo as quais, a EdC atua simultaneamente nas esferas civil e religiosa, além de ser um possível meio de a religião cristã católica atuar sua influência na esfera civil, neste caso, no sistema econômico. A importância e pertinência deste estudo podem ser justificadas pelo fato de introduzir a EdC em um contexto mais amplo, a questão da função da religião na contemporaneidade, segundo a abordagem da Teoria dos Sistemas Sociais de Niklas Luhmann, considerada adequada, exatamente, por entender a sociedade contemporânea funcionalmente diversificada e especializada, organizada em sistemas relativamente autônomos, que possuem uma lógica própria, mas que estão continuamente em relação com os demais sistemas da sociedade. Assim sendo, a religião é entendida como um sistema que co-existe ao lado dos outros, tendo de encontrar modos de manter-se em relação com eles, uma vez que, a partir da modernidade, perdera a hegemonia como fonte da ordenação social. Ao final da pesquisa, esta dissertação conclui que a EdC pode ser considerada um meio de a religião cristã católica influir em âmbitos não religiosos, a partir da relação inter-sistêmica, tendo analisado a surgimento, a delimitação e o desempenho do projeto, de acordo com a abordagem luhmanniana

Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπούσε στη διερεύνηση των επιμορφωτικών αναγκών των νεοδιόριστων δασκάλων. Μετά τον προσδιορισμό και την καταγραφή των προβλημάτων που αντιμετωπίζουν οι δάσκαλοι στο καθημερινό τους έργο, προσπαθήσαμε να προσδιορίσουμε τις προσωπικές τους ανάγκες για επιμόρφωση, διαχωρίζοντάς τες σε συνειδητές και ρητές και σε συνειδητές και μη ρητές. Στη συνέχεια εξετάσαμε κατά πόσο το πρόγραμμα της εισαγωγικής επιμόρφωσης το οποίο είναι υποχρεωμένοι να παρακολουθήσουν οι νεοδιόριστοι δάσκαλοι, ανταποκρίθηκε στα προβλήματα και κάλυψε τις επιμορφωτικές ανάγκες τους. Για τη μελέτη των παραπάνω θεμάτων, χρησιμοποιήσαμε τη θεωρία των κοινωνικών συστημάτων και ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο το ερωτηματολόγιο. Για την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τόσο η ποσοτική ανάλυση, όσο και η ποιοτική ανάλυση περιεχομένου. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης έδειξαν, ότι τα προβλήματα και οι επιμορφωτικές ανάγκες είναι πολλά, ενώ το πρόγραμμα της εισαγωγικής επιμόρφωσης δεν ανταποκρίθηκε στα προβλήματα και στις ανάγκες που είχαν οι νεοδιόριστοι δάσκαλοι για επιμόρφωση. / The study aimed to analyze the training needs of newly appointed primary teachers. After defining and recording the daily problems that schoolteachers face in their work, we tried to impose their personal needs for in-service training by dividing them into two categories: conscious and explicit ones and in conscious and not explicit ones. The next step was to examine the grade to which the program of introductive in-service training which, the newly appointed primary teachers are obliged to follow, covered their training needs and gave solution to some of the existing problems. In order to investigate the above-mentioned subjects, we applied the theory of social systems. As a research tool in our study we used the questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis, have been used in order to analyze data. The study showed multiple problems, and indicated the great need for future training. Finally, the introductive training program did not correspond to the problems and the needs that the newly appointed primary teachers faced

Cette recherche vise à ressortir et à étudier les idées innovatrices (innovation cognitive) au niveau des peines et de leurs justifications (normes de sanction) que le système de droit criminel moderne possède déjà et qu’il a développé lui-même, dans l’une de ses organisations. Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse mobilise la théorie de la Rationalité pénale moderne d’Alvaro P. Pires. Cette dernière problématise l’immobilisme du système de droit criminel et la cristallisation des normes de sanction. Pour comprendre cette non évolution qui touche le système social qu’est le système de droit criminel, cette recherche mobilise également certains éléments de la théorie des systèmes de Niklas Luhmann. Au niveau méthodologique, elle a recours à l’analyse qualitative de rapports et de documents de travail de la Commission de réforme du droit du Canada. Ces derniers agissent en tant que champ d’« observation » pour permettre la revalorisation et la mise au jour des idées innovatrices développées par le système de droit criminel dans le but de stimuler la créativité institutionnelle en matière de normes de sanction.