La sempiternelle recherche de compréhension par le visuel, des émotions générées par la musique, ouvre un horizon de paradoxes au cinéma qui mérite que l'on s'y attarde. L'esthétique du réalisateur-compositeur Tom Tykwer qui réalise ses films comme Wagner compose ses opéras en écrivant partition et livret, et dont l'inflexibilité sur sa double fonction est probablement unique au cinéma, nous sert de modèle pour consolider notre révision de quelques pensées communément admises sur la relation entre musique et images. Nous y revisitons la définition de la musique en tant que matière sonore du film, la question de sa concordance avec l'image, de son indépendance alors qu'elle intègre un tout unifié, ainsi que de son rapport aux sens et à leur transcendance. Les images comme substrat matériel et la musique comme élément de conscience chez ce réalisateur-compositeur, conservent leur autonomie de sens alors même que la partition est intimement liée à la structure du film. Elles s'inscrivent dans un rapport de complémentarité qui remet en cause tout un paradigme basé sur l'idée d'analogie ou de convergence, en somme, de dualité entre images et musique au cinéma. / The perennial search of comprehension by the visual, of emotions generated by music, opens an horizon of paradoxes in cinema that merits further consideration. Filmmaker-composer Tom Tykwer's aesthetics that allows him to direct movies as Wagner composes his operas by writing scores and libretto, and whose inflexibility of his double function is probably unique in cinema, serve us as model to strengthen our revision of some commonly admitted thoughts about the relationship between music and images. We reassess the definition of music as sound material of films, the question of its concordance with the image, of its indépendence even though it integrates an unified whole, as well as its connection with the senses and their transcendence. Images as material substrate and music as element of consciousness in this director-composer's work retain their autonomy of sense while the score is closely connected to the film'structure. They are consistent with a complementary relation that questions an entire paradigm based on the idea of analogy or convergence, in short, of a duality between images and music in cinema.

The academic study of religion has for too long laboured under a flawed understanding of the relationship between modernity and religion. Any narrative of the displacement of religion by a universal and secularising modernity fails to recognise the complexity of the historical and cultural realities. While modernity has demonstrably contributed to the erosion of certain forms of religion, there is a growing body of evidence, and new interpretations of existing evidence, which suggest that the interconnections between modernity and religion are far more complex than any simple opposition could account for. Indeed, modernity appears, in certain circumstances, to be capable of producing its own religious effects. This thesis seeks to answer what then becomes a fundamental question: what does it mean for the study of religion if we accept that modernity can generate the religious? New conceptual tools are needed to deal critically with the far-reaching consequences of embracing the true density of modernity. The study of religion can be greatly enhanced by one such concept: reenchantment. However, reenchantment, as an interpretive framework, must be carefully formulated. Reenchantment cannot be properly understood as a reversal of disenchantment, a conception this thesis will be calling thin reenchantment, but as an ongoing dialectic of reenchantment and rationalisation, which this thesis will be calling thick reenchantment. The formulation of a credible and useful concept of reenchantment can in turn be aided by the work of the philosopher and cultural critic Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard�s work is not itself an expression or example of reenchantment, but it demonstrates a remarkable congruence with the concept of thick reenchantment, as both interrogate dominant understandings of modernity in relationship to differing systems of value. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first, substantially longer, section presents in some detail thick reenchantment as an interpretive frame. Though it does not claim to offer any new evidence, the first chapter outlines the evidential background for the thesis, which adopts the concept of religious modernity, developed by sociologist Danièle Hervieu-Léger, as a way of framing this evidence. The second chapter develops the concept of reenchantment and the typology of thin and thick reenchantment in relation to the foundational work of Max Weber. The third chapter is an analysis and review of the extant multidisciplinary discourse on reenchantment. The fourth chapter, the theoretical core of the thesis, presents an innovative reading of Baudrillard�s considerable body of work. The second section elaborates on a further insight of the first - that text is a necessary element in the study of religious modernity - by offering detailed readings of the work of three contemporary authors - novelists Douglas Coupland and Chuck Palahniuk and filmmaker Tom Tykwer - as instantiations of the sorts of cultural artefacts that the conceptual framework of thick reenchantment means to explore. Though its claims remain conceptual and interpretive rather than evidential, normative, or explanatory, this thesis, interdisciplinary as it is, is intended as a contribution to a number of related fields, from the study of contemporary literature and film to the exploration of Baudrillard�s work, which the study of religion has to date largely neglected, to its detriment However, its primary purpose is to suggest new and fruitful ways to approach the study of religion in modernity.

The academic study of religion has for too long laboured under a flawed understanding of the relationship between modernity and religion. Any narrative of the displacement of religion by a universal and secularising modernity fails to recognise the complexity of the historical and cultural realities. While modernity has demonstrably contributed to the erosion of certain forms of religion, there is a growing body of evidence, and new interpretations of existing evidence, which suggest that the interconnections between modernity and religion are far more complex than any simple opposition could account for. Indeed, modernity appears, in certain circumstances, to be capable of producing its own religious effects. This thesis seeks to answer what then becomes a fundamental question: what does it mean for the study of religion if we accept that modernity can generate the religious? New conceptual tools are needed to deal critically with the far-reaching consequences of embracing the true density of modernity. The study of religion can be greatly enhanced by one such concept: reenchantment. However, reenchantment, as an interpretive framework, must be carefully formulated. Reenchantment cannot be properly understood as a reversal of disenchantment, a conception this thesis will be calling thin reenchantment, but as an ongoing dialectic of reenchantment and rationalisation, which this thesis will be calling thick reenchantment. The formulation of a credible and useful concept of reenchantment can in turn be aided by the work of the philosopher and cultural critic Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard�s work is not itself an expression or example of reenchantment, but it demonstrates a remarkable congruence with the concept of thick reenchantment, as both interrogate dominant understandings of modernity in relationship to differing systems of value. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first, substantially longer, section presents in some detail thick reenchantment as an interpretive frame. Though it does not claim to offer any new evidence, the first chapter outlines the evidential background for the thesis, which adopts the concept of religious modernity, developed by sociologist Danièle Hervieu-Léger, as a way of framing this evidence. The second chapter develops the concept of reenchantment and the typology of thin and thick reenchantment in relation to the foundational work of Max Weber. The third chapter is an analysis and review of the extant multidisciplinary discourse on reenchantment. The fourth chapter, the theoretical core of the thesis, presents an innovative reading of Baudrillard�s considerable body of work. The second section elaborates on a further insight of the first - that text is a necessary element in the study of religious modernity - by offering detailed readings of the work of three contemporary authors - novelists Douglas Coupland and Chuck Palahniuk and filmmaker Tom Tykwer - as instantiations of the sorts of cultural artefacts that the conceptual framework of thick reenchantment means to explore. Though its claims remain conceptual and interpretive rather than evidential, normative, or explanatory, this thesis, interdisciplinary as it is, is intended as a contribution to a number of related fields, from the study of contemporary literature and film to the exploration of Baudrillard�s work, which the study of religion has to date largely neglected, to its detriment However, its primary purpose is to suggest new and fruitful ways to approach the study of religion in modernity.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-02-01T19:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Anay C. Miranda.pdf: 3292520 bytes, checksum: ba3ca2d31da04ef884f98e7a085eff7d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-02-01T19:53:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Anay C. Miranda.pdf: 3292520 bytes, checksum: ba3ca2d31da04ef884f98e7a085eff7d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T19:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Anay C. Miranda.pdf: 3292520 bytes, checksum: ba3ca2d31da04ef884f98e7a085eff7d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / The present study has the aim to analyze comparatively Patrick Süskind´s novel Perfume – the history of a murderer (2006) and the homonymous movie of Tom Tykwer (2006), with focus on the concern of the sense of smell. The issue related to adapt novels to cinema has gained special attention of researchers on the fields of Literary Studies, Comparative Literature and Cinema Studies, nevertheless this study is conceived on Literary Studies field. The historical facts raised on the novel and transposed into the film refers to issues on postmodernity and highlight that the critic of the past, in terms of rewriting those facts, has a significant importance. The research is qualitative and for the comparative analysis of the novel and the movie, the corpus was referring to fotograms, the movie script and the excerpts of the novel in order to analyze how authors transpose the sense of smell in each of artistic products, the novel and the movie. It was perceived that the use of metaphors, comparisons and other figures of speech, overriding memory, has the relation with the process of representing the senses, with the focus on smell, in Patrick Süskind´s novel. Concerning to the movie, it was possible to ascertain that the protagonist was taken as more human and that transposition of the sense of smell came from the montage of images and the overriding of memory from the specific sequences as well as from the narrative aspects of it by means of illumination and soundtracks. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar a análise comparativa do romance de Patrick Süskind, O perfume – a história de um assassino (1985) e do filme Perfume – a história de um assassino, de Tom Tykwer (2006), com foco na questão da transposição do sentido do olfato. A questão da adaptação de romances para o cinema tem recebido atenção especial por parte de pesquisadores na área de Estudos Literários, de Literatura Comparada e dos Estudos relativos ao Cinema, porém o presente estudo está abrigado no campo relativo aos Estudos Literários. Os aspectos históricos levantados no romance e transpostos no filme tratam de questões relativas à pós-modernidade e evidenciam que a crítica ao passado, em nível de reescrita de fatos históricos, tem importância significativa. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e para a análise comparativa do romance e do filme, o corpus da pesquisa foi constituído por fotogramas, pelo movie script e por partes do romance a fim de analisar como os autores realizam a transposição do sentido do olfato, em cada um dos objetos artísticos, romance e filme. Verificou-se que o uso de metáforas, comparações e outras figuras de linguagem, no acionamento da memória, tem relação com o processo de representação dos sentidos, com destaque para o sentido do olfato, no romance de Patrick Süskind. Com relação ao filme de Tom Tykwer, foi possível verificar que o protagonista recebeu um caráter mais humano e que a transposição do sentido do olfato se deu pela montagem das imagens e o acionamento da memória, verificado em sequências específicas, bem como quanto aos aspectos narrativos presentes nessa montagem por meio da iluminação e da trilha sonora.

Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung des deutschen Films der 90er Jahre mit den Filmemachern Hans-Christian Schmid und Tom Tykwer. Um die persönliche Handschrift des jeweiligen Filmemachers herauszuarbeiten, konzentriert sie sich auf die textbezogen angelegte Analyse des einzelnen Filmemachers, wobei ausgehend vom formalen Stil die Themen des Films und die Ideale des Filmemachers zu analysieren sind. Dabei arbeitet sie heraus, dass Tykwer und Schmid in einem persönlichen Darstellungswillen, einer handwerklichen Handschrift und einem unverwechselbaren Stil ihre eigene, filmästhetische und gehaltvolle Filmwelt zeigen.Beide Filmemacher unterscheiden sich stilistisch stark voneinander. Schmid setzt auf eine realistische Darstellung, wobei er meistens mit Hilfe der Charaktere seine Geschichte erzählt. Mit den beeindruckenden Figurenzeichnungen gewinnt er eine filmische Realität, in der man Wahrheitsgehalt und Zeitgeist spüren kann. Hingegen legt Tykwer sein Vertrauen auf die Imagination der Bilder und gewinnt eine bildliche Qualität, bei der er die Kinomittel meisterhaft benutzt. Damit zaubert er eine fantastische Bilderwelt ins Kino. Trotz aller Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Filmemachern zeigen sie als Angehörige derselben Generation auch Gemeinsamkeiten. Es geht bei der Stilisierung der beiden Regisseure um die Menschen unserer Zeit und deren Gefühle. Hieraus ergibt sich eine universale Bedeutung, die auch den künstlerischen Charakter des Mediums Film ausmacht. Beide Filmemacher entwickeln ihren unverwechselbar eigenen Stil. Mit diesem behandeln sie allgemeingültige Themen, die dadurch weder verbraucht noch abgenutzt wirken.

En adaptionsanalys som utforskar relationen mellan romanen Cloud Atlas av David Mitchell och dess filmatisering (2012) av Tom Tykwer och syskonen Wachowski. Fokuset ligger på skillnader och likheter i narrativ och vilka visuella möjligheter som kunnat tillföras när romanens handlingen gjordes om till filmformat.