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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Trilha ecológica interpretativa no Parque Ecológico no Campus da UCSAL em Pituaçu - Salvador - Bahia

Lira, Selma Cristina de Jesus Silva 17 October 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Marcio Emanuel Paixão Santos (marcio.santos@ucsal.br) on 2017-02-17T23:35:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ SELMA LIRA_VERSAO FINAL_08.12.2016.pdf: 4798638 bytes, checksum: 707d56551dfb031c8e7250622980447e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2017-02-22T17:28:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ SELMA LIRA_VERSAO FINAL_08.12.2016.pdf: 4798638 bytes, checksum: 707d56551dfb031c8e7250622980447e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T17:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ SELMA LIRA_VERSAO FINAL_08.12.2016.pdf: 4798638 bytes, checksum: 707d56551dfb031c8e7250622980447e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-17 / A ação antrópica vem ocorrendo em diferentes níveis e ambientes, promovendo o desequilíbrio ambiental, tornando-se necessário a criação de estratégias que promovam a Educação Ambiental (EA). Entendendo a relevância da temática ambiental, o presente trabalho intitulado Trilha Ecológica Interpretativa no Parque Ecológico no Campus da UCSAL em Pituaçu-Salvador-Bahia tem como principal objetivo implantar um modelo de trilha ecológica interpretativa no Parque Ecológico Universitário (PEU), a fim de conceber vias efetivas para a promoção da educação ambiental (EA), em uma área vizinha ao Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu (PMP), Salvador-Bahia. Para isso, foram elencados os seguintes objetivos específicos: conhecer o Parque Ecológico Universitário, local de implantação da trilha; identificar os modelos de trilhas existentes e a ser proposta; identificar os pontos atrativos para composição da trilha ecológica; implantar a trilha ecológica interpretativa no Parque Ecológico Universitário; classificar os resíduos sólidos encontrados na área de implantação da trilha ecológica como forma de sensibilização para as ações antrópicas no meio ambiente; e propor a utilização da trilha ecológica como instrumento para a promoção da educação ambiental. Nessa perspectiva, entende-se a educação ambiental como um meio indispensável na formação do indivíduo que é um agente integrante e modificador dos diferentes ecossistemas e diante desse contexto, considerando a área de Mata Atlântica justifica-se a criação e implantação de um modelo de trilha ecológica como uma via efetiva para a promoção da EA. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica que fundamenta a pesquisa, e a pesquisa de campo do tipo estudo de caso e pesquisa-ação. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram dois questionários aplicados junto aos estudantes de Ciências Biológicas da UCSAL.Os principais autores utilizados na pesquisa foram Dias (2000), Silva (2003), Lechner (2006), Reigota (2006), Pedrini (2011), Martines (2015), entre outros. Entende-se ter atingido os objetivos da pesquisa ao identificarmos a área do Parque Ecológico Universitário (PEU) com todas as características de atratividade para a proposição de um modelo viável de trilha ecológica interpretativa que possa contribuir para a promoção da educação ambiental em todos os níveis educacionais. Além de ter atingido o objetivo do trabalho de pesquisa, foi possível dar continuidade ao mesmo, indo além de uma proposta de modelo, mas participando de forma efetiva da implantação da referida trilha ecológica interpretativa. / The Anthropic action has been occurring at different levels and environments, promoting environmental imbalance, making it necessary to create strategies that promote Environmental Education (EA). Understanding the relevance of the environmental theme, the main objective of this work entitled Ecological Interpretive Trail in the Ecological Park at UCSAL Campus in Pituaçu-Salvador-Bahia is to implement an interpretive ecological trail model in the Ecological University Park (PEU), in order to conceive effective ways to promote Environmental Education (EA) in an area adjacent to the Metropolitan Park of Pituaçu (PMP), Salvador-Bahia. For that, the following specific objectives were listed: to know the Ecological University Park, place of implantation of the trail; identify existing and proposed trail models; identify the attractive points for composition of the ecological trail; implement the interpretive ecological trail in the Ecological University Park; to classify the solid residues found in the area of implantation of the ecological trail as a form of sensitization for the anthropic actions in the environment; and propose the use of the ecological trail as an instrument for the promotion of environmental education. In this perspective, environmental education is understood as an indispensable means in the formation of the individual who is an integrating and modifying agent of the different ecosystems and in view of this context, considering the Atlantic Forest area, the creation and implementation of a trail model is justified as an effective way to promote EE. The methodology used was the bibliographical research that bases the research, and the field research of the type of case study and action research. The instruments of data collection were two questionnaires applied to the students of Biological Sciences of UCSAL. The main authors used in the research were Dias (2000), Silva (2003), Lechner (2006), Reigota (2006), Pedrini (2011), Martinez (2015), among others. It is understood to have achieved the objectives of the research by identifying the area of the Ecological University Park (PEU) with all the characteristics of attractiveness for the proposition of a viable model of ecological interpretive trail that can contribute to the promotion of environmental education at all levels Education. In addition to achieving the objective of the research, it was possible to continue the study, going beyond a proposal for a model, but participating effectively in the implementation of the ecological interpretative trail.
242

Contribui??es de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa - UEPS para o ensino de ecologia em escola p?blica da educa??o b?sica / Contributions of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units - PMTU for teaching ecology in public school of basic education

Costa, Emilie Saraiva Alves da 25 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:05:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmilieSAC_DISSERT.pdf: 9398699 bytes, checksum: 07cd6b92da6f834eb137538993315d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The research aims to evaluate the contributions of a teaching unit to enhance the learning contents ecological green areas in elementary school. The work was conducted with elementary students in a public school in Natal-RN. We sought to identify the students? previous knowledge about the contents of ecology, develop and implement a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units PMTU; assess learning of ecological concepts in Teaching Unit Potentially Significant; assess the contribution of interpretative trail as strategy teaching to learning content ecology. The survey of students? previous knowledge through the pre-test was essential to identify the appropriate subsumers and partially correct, since they served as "anchor" for further expansion of scientific concepts contained in this research. The green areas of the school as an educational, contributed the motivational aspect, as students were protagonists throughout the entire process of teaching and learning. The method of stimulated memory was effective to evidence learning ecological concepts in interpretive trails. The use of diverse activities organized on a PMTU promoted intellectual autonomy of the students and facilitated the acquisition of new meanings through progressive differentiation, and integrative reconciliation consolidation of ecological content and concepts related to biotic and abiotic factors on the basis of the central ideas thematic Life and Environment. The development of procedural skills to capture and share meanings, observe, collect and record data, hypotheses, ability to explain, to apply knowledge to solve problem situations, argue, identify, compare, differentiate and relate concepts, negotiate meanings, reflecting Critically, systematize data was evidenced. Collaborative activities promoted the incorporation of attitudinal contents as developing respect for differences, learn to work in teams to plan, develop and implement actions together for citizenship and environmental responsibility. The application of the Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units PMTU showed evidence of Critical meaningful learning ecological concepts covered in elementary school. / A pesquisa visa avaliar as contribui??es de uma unidade de ensino para potencializar a aprendizagem de conte?dos ecol?gicos em ?reas verdes da escola no ensino fundamental. O trabalho foi realizado com alunos do ensino fundamental de uma escola p?blica em Natal-RN. Buscou-se identificar os conhecimentos pr?vios dos alunos sobre os conte?dos de ecologia; elaborar e aplicar uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa - UEPS; avaliar a aprendizagem dos conceitos de ecologia na Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa; avaliar a contribui??o de trilha interpretativa como estrat?gia de ensino para aprendizagem de conte?dos de ecologia. O levantamento dos conhecimentos pr?vios dos alunos por meio do pr?-teste foi essencial ? identifica??o dos subsun?ores adequados e parcialmente adequados, pois serviram como ?ncora para posterior amplia??o dos conceitos cient?ficos contidos nesta pesquisa. As ?reas verdes da escola como espa?o educativo, contribuiu no aspecto motivacional, pois os alunos foram protagonistas ao longo de todo processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O M?todo da lembran?a estimulado mostrou-se eficaz para evidenciar aprendizagem de conceitos ecol?gicos em trilhas interpretativas. A utiliza??o de atividades diversificadas organizadas em uma UEPS promoveu a autonomia intelectual dos alunos e facilitou a aquisi??o de novos significados por meio da diferencia??o progressiva; da reconcilia??o integrativa e consolida??o dos conte?dos ecol?gicos e conceitos relacionados a fatores bi?ticos e abi?ticos com base nas ideias centrais do eixo tem?tico Vida e Ambiente. O desenvolvimento de habilidades procedimentais como captar e compartilhar significados, observar, coletar e registrar dados, levantar hip?teses, capacidade de explicar, de aplicar o conhecimento para resolver situa??es-problema, argumentar, identificar, comparar, diferenciar e relacionar conceitos, negociar significados, refletir criticamente, sistematizar dados foi evidenciado. As atividades colaborativas promoveram a incorpora??o de conte?dos atitudinais como desenvolver o respeito ?s diferen?as, saber trabalhar em equipe ao planejar, elaborar e executar em conjunto a??es de cidadania e responsabilidade socioambiental. A aplica??o da Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa- UEPS mostrou evid?ncias de aprendizagem significativa cr?tica sobre conceitos ecol?gicos contemplados no ensino fundamental
243

Návrh projektu rozvoje cestovního ruchu - historický areál Klenová / The proposal of tourism development project - historical complex Klenová

HŘEBCOVÁ, Jaroslava January 2009 (has links)
The primary goal of my thesis is to develop a proposal of a project which would be focused on tourism development of the historical complex of Klenová; this complex is located in the Klatovy district in the region of Pilsen. There are two remarkable sights in this area, a) the ruin of the medieval stronghold of Klenová and b) the chateau of Klenová. Both of these are loosely connected to other historical sights and together they create an interesting face of the typical Czech landscape. Emerging from the executed SWOT analysis and subsequent SWOT matrix, the trouble spots have been identified and they became the source for the definition of strategic underdeveloped areas. These areas are appropriate to focus on and they are a part of the overall strategy. Next, these areas, which are in accord with the objectives of the project, are aimed to eliminate deficits and obstacles in the given locality. The areas in question are as follows: {$\bullet$} Tourism offers concerning products. {$\bullet$} The quality of service. {$\bullet$} Marketing and keeping the visitors informed. {$\bullet$} The infrastructure of tourism. Within the framework of these areas, partial targets have been determined. These targets are the source of consequent strategic measures. There is a certain amount of weaknesses to the castle area of Klenová. One of the major shortcommings is that guests tend to spend a short period of time in the area and that the infrastructure of the tourism is by no means sufficient. Furthermore, the quality of the services provided is below standards and tourists are confronted with lack of information concerning overall services. Finally, tourists are not given a sufficiently wide range of possibilities to spend their free time. The chateau of Klenová is always going to be a most important sight, but some refinements could be put into action to heighten the interest of tourists and to increase competitiveness towards other important sights. To interconnect a couple of cultural and historical sights into a single unit is more attractive for visitors, increasing attendance as well as extending the period of time the tourists are willing to spend in the area. The most effective way to connect sights in a comparatively small area seems to be an educational nature trail leading from one heritage landmark to another. The main goal of this thesis has been accomplished by the creation of a nature trail called "In the steps of ancient times, Klenova {--} Týnec {--} Loreta". The castle, the chateau of Klenová and its surroundings should provide the visitors with a wide range of possibilities to spend their free time. Morever, it should make them actually want to spend their free time in the particular area and make them want to come back. Simultaneously, all existing services should be provided on a satisfactory level while the organizational methodology and management should be improving at the same time.
244

Mapeamento de sensibilidade ambiental para o monitoramento de trilhas em unidades de conservação / Environmental sinsitivity mapping for trail monitoring in conservation units

Sueli Felizardo 02 March 2010 (has links)
As Unidades de Conservação, por serem áreas preservadas, de grande beleza cênica eatratividade, constituem o destino preferido para a prática de caminhadas em trilhas interpretativas da natureza. O afluxo de visitantes, porém, pode causar danos irreversíveis aos recursos físicos e bióticos de alta sensibilidade. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi adaptar a metodologia de mapeamento do Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) para auxiliar no monitoramento do uso de trilhas em Unidades de Conservação. A trilha escolhida para aplicação da metodologia é a da Pirapitinga, localizada no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar Núcleo Santa Virgínia, entre as coordenadas geográficas 2324 a 2317 S e 4503W, na região de São Luiz do Paraitinga e Natividade da Serra, Estado de São Paulo. Tendo como base a metodologia utilizada no mapeamento costeiro e fluvial da sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo, a pesquisa buscou, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, realizar a caracterização e o diagnóstico ambiental da trilha estudada, identificar os pontos de menor e maior sensibilidade e representar o resultado por meio de cartografia temática. Como resultados foram gerados um Banco de Dados, que contém informações detalhadas dos aspectos ambientais da área de estudo, e mapas de fácil leitura e interpretação, que fornecem subsídios para o planejamento de ações de manejo mais adequadas ao ambiente. O trabalho de campo associado à praticidade e agilidade das geotecnologias e dos Bancos de Dados resultou uma ferramenta útil de apoio ao monitoramento de trilhas. Além disto, as questões analisadas neste estudo apontam caminhos teóricos e metodológicos para o planejamento e o monitoramento da visitação em Unidades de Conservação. / attractiveness, therefore, preferred destination for nature interpretative walking trails. Visitor flows, however, can cause irreversible damages to highly sensible physical and biological resources. The main goal of this study was to adapt a mapping methodology for an Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) to help monitoring trail use in Conservation Units. The selected methodology application trail is named Pirapitinga, and is located in the Serra do Mar State Park Santa Virgínia Nucleus, with geographic coordinates 2324 to 2317 S and 4503W, in portions of the municipalities São Luiz do Paraitinga and Natividade da Serra, State of São Paulo. Usually applied to coastal and fluvial environmental sensitivity mapping to oil spills, this research sought, through remote sensing and GIS techniques, to characterize and develop an environmental diagnostic of the studied trail, identify points of lower and higher sensitivity, and represent the results through thematic cartography. A Database was created to store the detailed information on environmental resources of the study area and generate ease-to-read and interpret maps that could provide support to better planning and managing activities in the park. The association of field data, Database information, and GIS practical and swift attributes has resulted in a useful tool to support trail monitoring. Furthermore, the issues that were raised in this study pointed out theoretical and methodological approaches for improving planning and monitoring activities associated with visitor flows in Conservation Units.
245

Classificação do grau de dificuldade de trilhas: uso de geotecnologias na elaboração de um modelo aplicado ao Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Brasil / Trail classification by the degree of difficulty: use of geotechnologies in developing a model applied to Itatiaia National Park, Brazil

Grislayne Guedes Lopes da Silva 27 October 2016 (has links)
As áreas protegidas são importantes espaços de conservação da natureza e de práticas turísticas e recreativas. A categoria de parques nacionais apresenta uma oferta natural, principalmente de trilhas para caminhadas, que proporciona ao visitante distintas experiências, porém nem sempre são garantidas qualidade e segurança como elementos inerentes à visitação turística. As trilhas abertas à visitação precisam apresentar sinalização e orientações mínimas, por meio de placas, folhetos, mapas e demais materiais informativos, para contribuir com a qualidade da experiência do visitante, ou seja, as trilhas devem ser planejadas, administradas e manejadas de maneira adequada. Neste contexto, esse trabalho discute um dos elementos essenciais da visitação em trilhas que é a necessidade de existir um sistema de classificação quanto ao grau de dificuldade, como parte integrante das ações de manejo da visitação turística, garantindo informações e contribuindo para a segurança do visitante. O principal objetivo do trabalho é elaborar um modelo para classificar trilhas de caminhada quanto ao grau de dificuldade, com o uso de geotecnologias. Para tanto, a área de estudo nesta pesquisa foi o Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (PNI), localizado na divisa entre Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Foram selecionadas para análise três trilhas localizadas na Parte Alta do parque, região conhecida como Planalto, quais sejam: Agulhas Negras, Prateleiras e Couto Prateleiras. O estudo apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa, com caminho metodológico delineado a partir de três etapas principais: 1) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e entrevistas com gestores do PNI, o que permitiu a seleção dos critérios utilizados para a análise do grau de dificuldade dessas trilhas: declividade, condições do terreno, cobertura vegetal e drenagem; 2) levantamento de dados geográficos em campo, com base nos critérios selecionados, a partir do mapeamento das trilhas com uso de receptor de Sistema Global de Posicionamento (GPS); e 3) aplicação de um modelo de classificação, com uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, operações de álgebra de mapas e ferramentas de análises espaciais em um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), para produzir os mapas temáticos de acordo com o grau de dificuldade das trilhas. Na revisão de literatura foram identificados poucos estudos no Brasil; e ao mesmo tempo no mundo há diversos sistemas de classificação de trilhas, porém na maioria dos casos não há explicação clara sobre o método adotado, bem como não há referência quanto ao uso de geotecnologias na análise de dados; destaca-se o caso da Austrália por possuir um sistema nacional de classificação de trilhas bem estruturado. Por fim, identificou-se na pesquisa que a realização de análises espaciais deve ser considerada um dos principais alicerces do planejamento e gestão de recursos naturais e do turismo em áreas protegidas, sendo que os mapas servem tanto de apoio aos visitantes quanto para o manejo dos parques / Protected areas are important zones of nature conservation and tourism and recreational practices. The category of national parks has a natural supply mainly of hiking trails that provide the visitor with different experiences; however, quality and safety are not always guaranteed as inherent elements in tourist visitation. Trails open to visitors must present minimum signaling and guidelines through plates, brochures, maps and other informative materials, to contribute to the quality of the visitor experience, i.e., trails must be planned, managed and handled properly. In this context, one of the essential elements of visitation trails is discussed in this study, which is the need of a classification system for trails by the degree of difficulty, as part of the management activities of tourist visits, providing information and contributing to the safety of visitors. The main objective of this study is to develop a model to rank hiking trails by the degree of difficulty with the use of geotechnologies. Therefore, the area of study in this research was the Itatiaia National Park (PNI), located on the border between Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Three trails located on the upper zone of the park, region known as Plateau, were selected for analysis, which were: Agulhas Negras, Prateleiras and Couto Prateleiras. The study presents a qualitative approach, with a methodological path outlined from three main steps: 1) bibliographical and documentary research, and interviews with PNI managers, which allowed the selection of the criteria for analyzing the degree of difficulty of these trails: slope, terrain conditions, vegetation cover and drainage; 2) field spatial data collection, based on selected criteria, from mapping the trails with a Global Positioning System (GPS); and 3) application of a classification model, using remote sensing techniques, map algebra and spatial analysis tools in a Geographic Information System (GIS), to produce thematic maps according to the degree of difficulty of trails. In the literature review, it were identified few studies in Brazil; and at the same time in the world, there are several trails classification system, but in most cases there is no clear explanation of the method adopted, and there is no reference regarding the use of geotechnologies in data analysis. It is highlighted the case of Australia for having a well-structured national classification system of trails. In conclusion, it was identified in the research that performing spatial analysis should be considered one of the main pillars for planning and management natural resources and tourism in protected areas as maps serve both to support the visitors as well as for parks management
246

A abordagem participativa na construção de uma trilha interpretativa como uma estratégia de educação ambiental em São José do Rio Pardo - SP / Participatory approach to creating an interpretive trail as a strategy for environmental education in São José do Rio Pardo – SP

Ariane Di Tullio 30 June 2005 (has links)
A indagação central que norteou esta investigação, conduzida no município de São José do Rio Pardo (SP), refere-se à incorporação de abordagens participativas na construção de estratégias educativas contextualizadas e significativas para a comunidade envolvida, criando oportunidades para reflexão, ação e disseminação de idéias e práticas conservacionistas. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou planejar um processo participativo de desenvolvimento de uma trilha interpretativa como instrumento de educação ambiental, e analisar como a aplicação de metodologias participativas contribui para um maior envolvimento dos participantes nas diversas etapas deste processo. Representantes das secretarias municipais de Educação, de Cultura, de Turismo e de Agricultura, assim como organizações não governamentais, empresas e estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Todos envolveram-se, em maior ou menor grau, nas várias etapas de construção da trilha interpretativa: no diagnóstico prévio e escolha do local e do público-alvo; na elaboração do roteiro interpretativo; na realização e avaliação das atividades de visita à trilha por estudantes de ensino fundamental; e na avaliação do processo como um todo. As técnicas utilizadas para coleta de dados no diagnóstico e na construção da trilha foram o diagnóstico rural participativo e os grupos focais, já que com ambas as técnicas é possível lidar com a dimensão interativa de um grupo. A trilha interpretativa tem sido considerada como uma estratégia educativa capaz de transcender os aspectos cognitivos da aprendizagem, proporcionando oportunidades de desenvolvimento dos aspectos afetivos e habilidades dos educandos, podendo, portanto, ser considerada um instrumento efetivo de educação ambiental. Contudo, ela deve ser planejada e considerada como parte de um processo mais amplo e, não, apenas como um evento educativo pontual. A construção da trilha constituiu-se em uma oportunidade de reflexão individual e coletiva a respeito de temas ambientais relevantes. A metodologia participativa possibilita lidar com diferentes níveis de convívio em grupo, como o respeito pelas diferenças, a capacidade de negociação e a tomada de decisões em conjunto. O interesse inicial pelo tema, as afinidades pessoais e a experiência prévia de trabalho em grupo por parte de alguns dos participantes facilitaram o envolvimento em todas as etapas do projeto. Algumas das dificuldades que podem ser encontradas na continuidade de projetos participativos vão desde a seqüência das atividades - quando a pesquisadora se afasta do grupo - até mudanças no cenário político nos quais estes projetos tenham sido iniciados, o que justifica a importância da participação de representantes também da iniciativa privada e de ONGs. A metodologia participativa, além de gerar uma autonomia dos integrantes do grupo, proporciona maiores possibilidades de continuidade do projeto e possibilita novas iniciativas de ações de conservação e educação ambiental por parte dos envolvidos / The central issue of this investigation, which was conducted in the city of São José do Rio Pardo (SP), is the incorporation of participatory approaches to developing contextualized and significant educational strategies for the community involved, thus creating opportunities for reflection, action and spread of conservationist ideas and practices. This research, therefore, aimed to plan a participatory process of developing an interpretive trail as a tool for environmental education and assess the application of such methodologies in the engagement of the local participants in the different steps of this process. Representatives from the municipal departments for Education, Culture, Tourism and Agriculture as well as representatives of non-governmental organizations, companies and students participated in the research. All of them, to a greater or lesser extent, took part in the different steps in the process of creating the interpretive trail: the early diagnosis of the place; the choice of the place and target public; the creation of the interpretive itinerary; the accomplishment and assessment of the activities involved in the visit to the trail made by secondary school students; and the assessment of the process as a whole. Since techniques of participatory rural appraisal and focus groups can provide an interactive dimension of a group, they were used for collecting data from the diagnosis and the development of the trail. Interpretive trail has been shown to be an educational strategy capable of transcending the cognitive aspects of the learning and providing students with opportunities to develop their affective aspects and skills. Thus, it can be considered as an effective tool for environmental education. Nevertheless, it should be first considered as a part of a wider process rather than a prompt educational event. The process consisted of opportunities for individual and collective reflection on the relevant environmental themes. The group life, the respect for differences, and the ability to compromise and make collective decisions were evolved. The initial interest in the theme, the personal affinities, and the previous experience some of the participants had in working group facilitated the engagement, participation and articulation. Some of the difficulties in continuing participatory projects range from the sequence of activities – when the researcher leaves the group – to changes in the political context in which they were initiated. It can explain the importance of the participation of representatives from the private and service sectors. The participatory methodology generates the autonomy of the participants, thus promoting further possibilities for continuing the project and allowing new initiatives for conservationist actions and environmental education from the participants
247

Mécanismes de résistance à l'apoptose induite par TRAIL dans les cellules cancéreuses : restauration de la sensibiltié à TRAIL par la chimiothérapie conventionnelle ou par un polyphénol, la quercétine / Mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells : restoration of the sensitivity to TRAIL by standard chemotherapy or by quercetin, a polyphenolic compound

Jacquemin, Guillaume 14 December 2010 (has links)
TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) est une protéine du système immunitaire appartenant à la famille du TNF (Tumor necrosis factor). L'intérêt de TRAIL en thérapie anti-cancéreuse réside dans sa capacité à induire la mort par apoptose des cellules tumorales, sans exercer de toxicité envers les cellules saines. Le principal frein à l’utilisation de TRAIL est la survenue de mécanismes de résistance à TRAIL dans certaines tumeurs. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier ces mécanismes de résistance à TRAIL et à élaborer des stratégies visant à les contourner. Dans un premier temps, mon intérêt s'est porté sur le récepteur antagoniste TRAIL-R4, qui est capable de fixer TRAIL sans engager de signal de mort. Nous avons montré pour la première fois que TRAIL-R4 est à l'origine de l'induction de voies de signalisation intracellulaires de survie et de prolifération dans le modèle HeLa de carcinome du col de l'utérus. Ces cellules résistantes peuvent néanmoins être sensibilisées à l'action de TRAIL par un pré-traitement chimiothérapeutique conventionnel (cisplatine, étoposide ou 5-FU). Cette sensibilisation ne fait pas intervenir la voie mitochondriale de l'apoptose, mais passe par une augmentation du recrutement et de l'activation de la caspase-8 au sein du complexe initiateur de mort (DISC). Dans un deuxième temps, mon travail s'est focalisé sur des lymphomes B non-Hodgkiniens particulièrement agressifs, les lignées VAL et RL. La résistance à TRAIL de ces lymphomes est due à un blocage de la voie mitochondriale de l'apoptose, notamment en raison de l'expression des protéines anti-apoptotiques Bcl-2, Mcl-1 et survivine. Mon objectif a été d’élaborer une stratégie thérapeutique visant à contourner cette résistance. Dans ce contexte, nous avons évalué l’efficacité d'un composé polyphénolique issu des plantes, la quercétine. Nos résultats montrent que la combinaison de la quercétine et de TRAIL permet de tuer de façon synergique les lymphomes VAL et RL. Le mécanisme moléculaire de cette synergie comprend l'activation de la voie mitochondriale de l’apoptose, ainsi que l'inhibition de Mcl-1 et de la survivine. L'ensemble de ce travail est rassurant quant à l'utilisation de la cytokine TRAIL en thérapie anti-tumorale, dans le cadre d'une thérapie combinée. / The TNF-family member TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) is a cytokine involved in immune anti-tumour surveillance. TRAIL is one of the most promising agents currently under investigation, as it exhibits efficient anti-cancer cytotoxicity with limited side effects on healthy cells. The problem in current cancer therapy is that some cancer cells are already resistant, or can become resistant to TRAIL-induced cell death. The aim of my thesis was to study the mechanisms of resistance to TRAIL, and to find a way to bypass it. First, we were interested in the TRAIL-R4 antagonistic receptor, which is known to bind TRAIL without inducing a death signal. We have demonstrated for the first time that TRAIL-R4 is able to induce intracellular signalling that mediates cell survival and proliferation in the cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. However, these resistant cells could be sensitized to TRAIL by a pretreatment with standard chemotherapy (cisplatinum, etoposide or 5-FU). This chemo-sensitization does not require the mitochondrial loop of apoptosis, but is accompanied by an enhancement of caspase-8 recruitment and activation within the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC). Next, our interest focused on aggressive non Hodgkin B-lymphomas. These lymphomas are highly resistant to TRAIL because of a defect in the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, and through the expression of Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and survivin antiapoptotic proteins. My objective was to elucidate a strategy to restore TRAIL-sensitivity in these lymphomas. In this context, we assessed the use of quercetin, a polyphenolic compound derived from plants. Our results showed that the combination of TRAIL with quercetin efficiently killed these lymphomas in a synergistic fashion. The molecular mechanisms of the synergy include the activation of the mitochondrial pathway, and the inhibition of Mcl-1 and survivin. Taken together, these results are promising for the future use of TRAIL as a combined therapy against cancer.
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Percepção ambiental de professores em ecossistemas costeiros: influência de uma vivência formativa do Projeto Trilha Subaquática / Environmental perception of teachers in coastal ecosystems: influence of training experience of Underwater Trail Project

Geisly França Katon 16 December 2015 (has links)
Grande parte das ameaças à biodiversidade dos ambientes marinhos e costeiros é resultado direto da população humana e das tendências de aumento demográfico. Uma das dificuldades para a proteção dos ambientes naturais está na existência de diferenças nas percepções dos valores e importância dos mesmos entre os indivíduos de culturas diferentes ou de diferentes grupos. Consideramos que uma importante etapa para a conservação da biodiversidade é entender a Percepção Ambiental dos sujeitos que compõe a população local. Entendemos como Percepção Ambiental a relação que indivíduo estabelece com o meio no qual está inserido, que ocorre através de mecanismos perceptivos e cognitivos. O presente trabalho visa contribuir na ampliação do conhecimento de tal temática, principalmente enfocando Ambientes Marinhos e Costeiros. Para isso, investigamos a Percepção Ambiental de um grupo de professores de uma escola pública do litoral norte de São Paulo (Ubatuba, SP) que participaram de uma vivência formativa em atividades de Educação Ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta como objetivos específicos: 1) verificar se e como a participação nas atividades educacionais influenciou a Percepção Ambiental de tais professores; 2) investigar as concepções que os professores apresentam sobre as possibilidades e desafios da prática docente ao abordar o ambiente marinho e costeiro a partir dos subsídios fornecidos pela vivência formativa. Os professores participaram das atividades do Projeto Trilha Subaquática que foram desenvolvidas ao longo de dois dias no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar e no Parque Estadual Ilha Anchieta, ambos em Ubatuba, São Paulo. Utilizamos instrumentos de coleta de dados que foram aplicados tanto no início quanto no final da vivência (questionário e redação), além do registro audiovisual referente às Reflexões Coletivas realizadas ao final de cada dia. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, que foi feita por categorização aberta e por análise de conteúdo categorial, foi possível notar que participar das atividades de Educação Ambiental influenciou, em alguns aspectos a Percepção Ambiental dos professores. Tal influência ficou mais evidente em aspectos específicos, como, por exemplo, em relação à biodiversidade destes ambientes. Ainda que a percepção dos professores em relação a causarem impactos ao ambiente durante a realização das atividades não tenha sido expressa por todos, quando tais impactos foram percebidos, estavam bastante relacionados aos organismos do costão rochoso, especificamente ao pisoteio dos mesmos. Verificamos ainda aspectos interessantes sobre as representações sociais desses sujeitos que, apesar da participação na vivência, continua sendo majoritariamente antropocêntrica. Sobre as possibilidades e desafios da prática docente ao abordar os ambientes marinhos e costeiros, pudemos notar que para os professores sujeitos desta pesquisa, as atividades de campo são as mais significativas para se trabalhar tal tema. Além disso, pudemos notar a grande importância que a troca de experiências entre os pares, como os proporcionados pela vivência, apresentam na composição das práticas docentes. / Much of the threats to marine and coastal biodiversity are directly result of human population and tendency of demographic increase. One of the difficulties to protect natural environments relies in the differences in perceptions of the values and importance of those between individuals of different cultures or different groups. We consider that understand Environmental Perception from local population is an important step for biodiversity conservation. We understand as Environmental Perception the relation that people establish with the environment in which it is inserted, that occurs through perceptual and cognitive mechanisms. The aim of this work is contribute to expansion of the knowledge about the concept, mainly focusing in Marine Environment e Coastal Environment. For that, we investigated the Environmental Perception of a group of teachers from a public school in north coast of São Paulo State (Ubatuba) who participated in a formative experience in Environmental Education activities. This work presents as specifics goals: 1) verify whether and how the participation in educational activities influenced the environmental perception of such teachers; 2) investigate the conceptions that teachers have about the possibilities and challenges of teaching practice in addressing marine and coastal environment from the subsidies provided by the training experience. The teachers participated of Underwater Trail Project activities that are developed along two days in Serra do Mar State Park and in Ilha Anchieta State Park, both in Ubatuba, São Paulo State. We use data collection instruments which were applied at the beginning and at the end of the experience (a questionnaire and a composition), besides the transcripts of the audiovisual material related to Collective Reflections made at the end of each day. From the analysis of the data collected, it was done by open categorization and categorical content analysis, it was noticeable that participate in environmental education activities influenced, even subtly, teacher\'s Environmental Perception. This effect was more evident in specific aspects, such as, for example, in relation to biodiversity of these environments. Although the perception of teachers in relation to cause impacts on the environment during the course of the activities it has not been expressed by all, when such impacts were perceived, were closely related to the rocky shore organisms, specifically to trampling them. We also found interesting aspects about the social representations of those guys who, despite participating in the experience, remains largely anthropocentric. About the possibilities and challenges of teaching practice in addressing marine and coastal environments, we noticed that for subject teachers of this research, field activities are the most significant to work with such a theme. In addition, we noted the great importance that the exchange of experiences among peers, as provided by the experience, present in the composition of teaching practices.
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Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Assemblages in Three New York Pine Barrens and the Impacts of Hiking Trails

Barber, Grace W 18 March 2015 (has links)
Ants are ecologically important, environmentally sensitive, widespread, and abundant, yet ant assemblages of many habitats remain poorly understood. Ants in inland barrens of New York State (NY) barely have been studied, but the limited data suggest such habitats are likely to support uncommon ant species and high species density for the region. To increase knowledge of these assemblages, I systematically collected ants from three inland barrens systems in NY, to create species lists and measure species density. I also investigated how hiking trails — a common man-made disturbance — may be impacting ant assemblages in these early-successional, disturbance-dependent ecosystems. My data strongly indicate uncommonly high densities of ant species in NY pine barrens, including the most northern known occurrences of some species, and show that ant assemblage composition and species density are altered on hiking trails relative to managed barrens habitat bordering the trails. I conclude that monitoring ants on hiking trails could provide valuable information, particularly on disturbance-tolerant species, and an opportunity for visitor participation and citizen science programs that could detect additional rare species.
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Molekulární mechanismy zodpovědné za regulaci apoptózy nádorových buněk prostaty po působení TRAILu a chemoterapeutických látek / Molecular mechanisms responsible for regulation of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells treated with TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs

Tománková, Silvie January 2013 (has links)
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer-related causes of death among men. Chemotherapy is mainly used for treatment of its later stages, accompanied by unpleasant side effects. So far, the treatment of advanced stages of prostate cancer has not been sufficient, and new more effective alternatives are needed. The application of the TRAIL cytokine, which induces apoptosis in tumor cell, but is not toxic to nonmalignant cells, seems to be a promissing approach. However, TRAIL-based therapy is often limited by the emerging cancer cell resistance. Overcoming the resistance can be achieved by combination therapy of TRAIL with effective sensitizers. Within this work, a combination of TRAIL with platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin or its novel derivative LA-12 was applied in order to facilitate the elimination of prostate cancer cells. In the experimental part of this work, using Western blot and flow cytometry analysis it was shown that TRAIL in combination with CDDP or LA-12 effectively enhanced apoptosis in three human prostate cancer cell lines. This effect was accompanied with increased activation/amount of several proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, while no changes in the level of the receptors for TRAIL were observed. These results demonstrated that especially the combination...

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