Neste trabalho estudamos um passeio aleatório, unidimensional com ramificação em Z+ em um meio aleatório não identicamente distribuído. Definimos recorrência e transiência para este processo e apresentamos um critério de classificação. / We study a \"supercritical\" branching random walk on Z+ in a one-dimensional non i.i.d. random environment, which considers both the branching mechanism and the step transition. Criteria of (strong) recurrence and transience are presented for this model.

Neste trabalho estudamos um passeio aleatório, unidimensional com ramificação em Z+ em um meio aleatório não identicamente distribuído. Definimos recorrência e transiência para este processo e apresentamos um critério de classificação. / We study a \"supercritical\" branching random walk on Z+ in a one-dimensional non i.i.d. random environment, which considers both the branching mechanism and the step transition. Criteria of (strong) recurrence and transience are presented for this model.

À travers les parcours, les expériences et les projets migratoires de migrants ouest-africains rencontrés à Nouadhibou en Mauritanie, cette thèse aborde les problématiques relatives à la construction des mobilités entre aspirations individuelles et réglementations nationales et internationales. Des récits de vie de migrants et des biographies migratoires permettent de reconstruire les parcours complexes des migrants arrivés à Nouadhibou et de comprendre que les expériences et les projets migratoires sont des constructions complexes, hybrides et labiles. La perspective de l'acteur, les analyses interactionnistes et le point de vue de l'autonomie sont replacés dans le contexte de l'évolution générale des politiques migratoires vers plus de restriction. Cette confrontation entre plusieurs cadres et plusieurs échelles de l'analyse des phénomènes migratoires permet de remettre en question la notion de transit dans sa dimension performative. Cette thèse entend replacer les expériences des migrants ouest-africains en Mauritanie dans une réalité plus « ancrée », plus « incarnée », s'approchant ainsi d'une réflexion sur les inégalités liée à la mondialisation. / Between 2005 and 2007, few thousands of African migrants left the West African Coast of Mauritania, particularly from the small harbour town of Nouadhibou and accosted the Canary Islands. Nowadays, as migration politics tend towards more and more restrictions, Nouadhibou has soon become the center of an unexpected attention from media and European institutions. Nonetheless, immigration exists in Nouadhibou since the early XXth century, it is still today an attractive place for labour migration and migrants coming to Nouadhibou don’t only leave to the Canary Islands. Considering that migrants are forced to stay in a place that is not their final destination, International institutions and States called this phenomenon « transit migration ». Our aim is to shed the light on the blurred and politicized concept of transit. Questioning closely the notions of itineraries, experiences and projects led us to deepen our understanding of mobility in the context of a restrictive legal and policy framework. Long-term field and ethnographic methods such as narrative biography and life histories allow us to consider the experience of mobility as a threshold. Finally we try to understand the impact of blurred motilities on the local society in Nouadhibou, a way of examining globalization dynamics impacts in local places.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta.pdf: 2240525 bytes, checksum: 0f16148d463b9a565e935c2f16146ae4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The object of this dissertation research involves the design, construction and theoretical analysis of color fields in a three dimensional space, developed through a pictorial reasoning. The starting point for the creation of these work pieces is the appropriation of common objects of everyday use. To address this, I will use Arthur Danto s concept of transfiguration, in that these materials have their ordinary function subtracted by operating as a raw material in the construction of these chromatic structures, as they work temporarily as color modules. At the end of the exhibition, having the work been dismantled, these same objects can be placed back into the world and return to their ordinary functions. One can then say that there is a transitory estate, which tracks the reasoning of these propositions. This study aims at reflecting upon apart of the artistic production I have developed since 2008, which includes five series of works: Painting, Seeding, Chrome, Color-matter and Plastic. I treat them as paintings in na expanded territory, whose approach will be based on the concept of the expanded field proposed by Rosalind Krauss. Josef Albers and Israel Pedrosa will be important references to speak of the different ways in which these colors behave in the architectural space, under natural and artificial lighting, among other things. Richard Wollheim is a reference to discuss aspects of how a painting should be made in order to be considered art: brand, surface, edge, intent, and other aspects to analyze painting as an intentional act. I will also present a sequence of images to build a visual text and expose both the process of elaboration of the works and their implementation in different spaces, revealing the concept first developed in the studio and the specifics that the propositions have acquired in each place they were installed / O objeto de pesquisa desta dissertação compreende a elaboração, construção e análise teórica de campos de cor no espaço tridimensional, desenvolvidos através de um raciocínio pictórico. O ponto de partida para a criação dos trabalhos ocorre por meio de apropriação de objetos do uso comum do cotidiano. Para abordar este aspecto, será utilizado o conceito de transfiguração, de Arthur Danto, na medida em que esses materiais ordinários têm a sua função subtraída ao operarem como matéria-prima na construção das estruturas cromáticas, e passam a funcionar, temporariamente, como módulos de cor. Ao final da exposição, com o trabalho desmontado, estes mesmo objetos podem voltar para o mundo e retomar suas funções ordinárias. É possível dizer, então, que há uma transitoriedade, que acompanha o raciocínio dessas proposições. O que se busca neste estudo é refletir sobre uma parte da produção plástica que tenho desenvolvido desde 2008, que engloba cinco séries de trabalhos: Pintura, Sementeira, Croma, Cor-matéria e Plástica. Trato-as como pinturas que habitam um território expandido, cuja abordagem terá como ponto de partida o conceito de campo ampliado proposto por Rosalind Krauss. Josef Albers e Israel Pedrosa serão importantes referências para falar das diferentes maneiras com que estas cores se comportam em virtude das condições arquitetônicas do espaço, da luz natural e da iluminação artificial, entre outros elementos. Richard Wollheim será referência para discorrer sobre os aspectos de como uma pintura deve ser elaborada para que seja considerada arte: marca, superfície, borda, intenção, entre outros que analisam a pintura como um ato intencional. Será apresentada também uma sequência de imagens que constroem um texto visual e expõem, tanto o processo de elaboração dos trabalhos quanto a sua execução em diferentes espaços, evidenciando o conceito desenvolvido inicialmente no ateliê e as especificidades que as proposições apresentaram em cada lugar que ocuparam

C-paper Abstract Title: Fluidity and Solidity in Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping Author: Linda Lindqvist The purpose of this essay is to show that fluidity and solidity constitute a central tension on all levels in Housekeeping, and how this tension leads to a choice of either a fluid or a solid lifestyle and view of the world. I focus on fluidity and solidity in gender roles, in memories, in dreams, in nature, and in different perceptions of reality. By taking a closer look at Ruth’s first-person narration (seeing fluidity as not resisting deformation, while solidity resists deformation), we find that the characters in Housekeeping have fluid and solid traits, but that there is no reality that allows mixed manifestations of these. This results in repression of either fluidity or solidity, which creates tension and feelings of loss. Ruth chooses a fluid lifestyle, thus her memories and dreams become mixed with her present, and this also leads her to become a transient, outside gender roles and traditional small town society. Transience in this novel questions all distinctions conventionally made between dream and reality; male and female. In conclusion, this essay highlights how tension between fluidity and solidity is generated on all levels in Housekeeping, and how this leads to either fluid or solid lifestyles since the characters follow a cultural code that dictates a choice between them.

A travers l'exemple du lièvre d'Europe (Lepus europaeus), l'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes régissant les variations d'abondance observées dans les populations animales. Dans ce cadre la dispersion est pressentie comme l'une des principales sources de variation. Après avoir rappelé les principales notions théoriques nécessaires à l'appréhension de ce travail et décrit brièvement l'intérêt du modèle d'étude, nous abordons la problématique sous deux angles différents mais néanmoins complémentaires. Le 1èr est dédié à l'identification des facteurs promouvant les départs et favorisant l'installation des dispersants. L'âge, le sexe et la densité de congénères apparaissent comme les principales variables influentes. Le 2nd angle a pour objectif d'identifier les variables pouvant moduler le succès de la dispersion. Bien qu'induisant des départs supplémentaires, la chasse apparait comme facteur déterminant dans l'échec de la dispersion en augmentant les risques de mortalité pendant le transit. Aussi, la densité dans le site de départ est proposée comme variable diminuant la qualité phénotypique des dispersants. L'ensemble de ces résultats souligne l'importance des conditions environnementales rencontrées au moment du départ, pendant le transit et à l'installation dans la réussite de la dispersion. L'action combinée de la chasse et de la densité sur la dispersion est proposée comme mécanisme probable à l'origine des fluctuations d'abondance observées sur le court terme chez le lièvre d'Europe / Through the example of the European hare (Lepus europaeus), the aim of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the fluctuation of abundances in animal populations. In this context, dispersal may be seen as the main source of variation. After reminding the theoretical concepts needed to understand this work and briefly describing the interest of the model, we address the topic in two different but complementary approaches. The 1st one is dedicated to the identification of the factors that promote departures and favor settlement of dispersers. Age, sex and density appear to be the main explanatory variables. The 2nd approach is designed to identify the factors that modulate the success of dispersal. Although inducing supplementary emigrants, hunting appears as an important factor decreasing the success of dispersal by increasing the mortality risk during transience. In addition, density in the original site is proposed as one potential factor decreasing the phenotypic quality of dispersers. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of the environmental conditions encountered at the time of departure, during transience and settlement in the dispersal success. The combined action of hunting and density on dispersal is proposed as one potential cause for the short term fluctuations of abundances in the European hare

/ a b s t r a c t This thesis deals with the environment of the landscape in connection to movements of the body and of the mind which result in an art gesture. It closely focuses on an individual experience of a landscape as a unique environment. It explains concepts and speculates about their meanings. Through interviews, the thesis presents different approaches to art from plethora of artists, who work in and with the landscape. It deals with a didactic project which aspires to inspire students to think more deeply about the environment that surrounds them and to communicate their understanding o fit through art. Personal artworks created in Finland in the Arctic Circle region capture motion in the landscape of the nature and that of the mind.

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The study is developed from five in-depth interviews with individuals from different walks of life who have interacted significantly with the North Sea. The study discusses change in the North Sea specifically in the development of fixed turbine wind farms and their physical and aesthetic effects. Observations speakers make as to changes in the North Sea and as to its beauty are contextualised and discussed using NASA satellite images, photographs and review of available academic literature, UK policy documents and law. This context includes a study of the industrialised North Sea with reference to the sediment sea plumes behind monopile turbines. The United Kingdom was selected for particular study of its wind farm development permissions process, including evaluations of seascape and the requirement of independence for expert evidence. Decline of trawler access to the North Sea is referenced to wind farm growth, and to adverse changes in public opinion leading to closure of the UK Dogger Bank to trawlers. Finality of wind farm development decisions is considered against the prospect of overturn by the courts. This aspect covers the application and development of principles relating to appeal by way of judicial review in the UK jurisdictions of Scotland, England and Wales, and Northern Ireland. The study identifies, and explains the English aesthetic evaluation of wind farms. It concludes that sea plumes are the result of a legal choice to allow permit applications to succeed without testing by reference to detailed in-sea turbine dimensions. In the permissions process (a) sea plumes are not evaluated by the seascape criteria applicable to coastal or off-coastal wind farms (b) deep offshore wind farms are instead evaluated by possible changes to character of the sea. The study further concludes that (i) the open horizon of the North Sea has been lost in significant part (ii) the combined aesthetic of transience, decay, and nostalgia underlies the aesthetic of the North Sea Maunsell forts (contrasted to Sealand), and also underlies attitudes to decommissioning wind farms, and (iii) concepts of sea beauty may be based on appearance or health, being regulated by different legal regimes in each eventuality (respectively the European Landscape Convention, or the OSPAR/ biodiversity/ habitat initiatives)