The purpose of this study is to investigate how and if the intercultural approach is visible in three Swedish curricula, and if and how there are signs of or lack of the translanguaging perspective in the analyzed curricula. The analyzed material is Lpo94 revised 1996, Lgr11 revised 2019 and Lgr11 revised 2021.The result indicates that there are some signs of a positive attitude towards multilingualism and the translanguaging perspective in Lpo94 revised 1996. However, multilingualism is sometimes implicitly formulated as an obstacle, which designates lack of translanguaging. There are also signs of assimilation in Lpo94 which cannot be identified in the revised versions of Lgr11. The result shows a change towards a more positive viewpoint about multilingualism.In all three syllabi, the students are encouraged to use their whole linguistic repertoire while learning Swedish. This indicates signs of both translanguaging and interculturality. There is also a focus on mutual learning in the revised versions of Lgr11, which is a central aspect in translanguaging. The result also shows lack of translanguaging in all curricula since the students are urged to make comparisons between their first and second language.In conclusion the result identifies a change regarding the three curricula since there is a greater focus on the intercultural approach and the translanguaging perspective in the later curricula compared to Lpo94.

Idag är ett stort antal av eleverna i den svenska skolan flerspråkiga. Forskning visar att elever är i stort behov av att få använda samtliga av sina språk i syfte att skapa mening och förståelse. Denna studie undersöker erbjudanden till transspråkande i tre läromedel för behovet hos flerspråkiga elever. Att få använda alla sina språk gynnar inte enbart språkinlärningen utan även självkänslan, självtilliten, inlärningen och ämneskunskaperna. Studiens resultat visar att läromedlen använder transspråkande arbetssätt i varierande omfattning. Två av tre läromedel erbjuder fler transspråkande erbjudanden än enspråkiga erbjudanden. I studiens diskussion problematiseras omfattningen och utformandet av de transspråkande arbetssätten i relation till elevers kunskapsutveckling. Alla elever i skolan gynnas av transspråkande arbetssätt.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur skönlitteratur används i språkutvecklande undervisning av flerspråkiga elever i de tidiga skolåren. För att utröna vilken litteratur som används och hur valet motiveras, vilka förtjänster och hinder som kan förekomma med skönlitteratur samt hur lärare samverkar i arbetet har vi intervjuat undervisande lärare i skolämnena svenska, svenska som andraspråk samt i modersmålsundervisning. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare i svenska, svenska som andraspråk samt modersmål. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Databearbetningen gjordes genom allmän kvalitativ analysmetod där transkriptionerna kodades och resulterade i ett antal kategorier.  Studiens resultat visar att samtliga lärare ser positivt på skönlitteratur i undervisningen av flerspråkiga elever. Högläsning av bilderböcker är prioriterat tillsammans med diskussion om innehåll. Det råder delade meningar kring urval av litteratur samt arbetssätt men det råder konsensus kring de många vinsterna med skönlitteratur, bland annat dess positiva inverkan på flerspråkiga elevers litteracitet samt dess bidrag till vidgade perspektiv. Samverkan mellan de olika lärarna upplevs kunna underlätta och förbättra urvalet av skönlitteratur som används i undervisning av flerspråkiga elever. Dock skulle denna samverkan behöva stärkas.

Den här uppsatsen är en del av pilotprojektet ”Läsläxa i ämnet svenska för flerspråkiga elever”. Projektet tar avstamp i forskning om läsning på ett andraspråk, inkluderande och flerkulturell undervisning samt samverkan mellan hem och skola kring läsläxor. Syftet med studien är att erhålla ny kunskap om hur läsläxor i ämnet svenska fungerar för flerspråkiga elever i årskurs 3 i grundskolan. Ett av de viktiga intresseområdena är lärarnas, elevernas och föräldrarnas erfarenheter, uppfattningar och frågor kring läsläxor och deras utformning. Sammanlagt genomfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att lärarna är medvetna om flerspråkighet och att de arbetar med läsläxor på ett strukturerat sätt och ständigt utvärderar sitt arbete. De är engagerade i sitt arbete och försöker att ge rätt verktyg till de flerspråkiga eleverna så att de ska kunna utveckla lässtrategier och förbättra sin läsförståelse. Som det framgår från intervjuerna är eleverna medvetna om syftet med läsläxor och upplever att den största svårigheten är att förstå svåra ord i texten. När det gäller föräldrarna är de positivt inställda till skolan, lärarna och läsläxorna och trots sin korta skolbakgrund försöker att stötta sina barn enligt förmåga. Då läsläxorna enbart ges på svenska är det samtidigt tydligt att den enspråkiga normen dominerar. / This is a part of a project called ”Reading Homeworks for Multilingual Pupils” that aims at monitoring the practices, behaviour, notions and current discourses in elementary classes in Sweden where multilingual pupils from migrant families are included. Six different interviews have been conducted with Swedish teachers, multilingual pupils and their parents in order to map the factors that influence the activity of reading homeworks both at home and at school. Both the construction of interview questions and the discussion of data gathered in participants’ answers have been influenced by nexus analysis where reading homework constitutes the social interaction platform on which all three parts, teachers, pupils and parents, meet. The results have been discussed through the lens of theories by J. Cummins, P. Gibbons and O. García. There has been a significant change in schools in Sweden with larger number of multilingual pupils that have Swedish as their second language, in the classrooms. That is why new requirements are laid regarding teachers’ competencies and practices. Interaction between teachers and parents and positive opinions about homework can influence pupils’ reading comprehension. Homework design and individual support of pupils in need are some of the issues observed in the paper. / Läsläxa i ämnet svenska för flerspråkiga elever

The main aim of this study is to examine six pupils’ attitudes to their mother tongue and their multilingualism. A secondary aim is to investigate the two class teachers’ attitudes to the students’ mother tongue and multilingualism. The method of data collection is based on semi-structured interviews with six students in the third and fourth grades of compulsory school and their two teachers. The participating students were either born in Sweden or arrived before the age of four. The empirical evidence was analysed on the basis of the idea that attitudes can be described as composed of three components: the affective, the conative and the cognitive component. The analysis shows that the students exclusively express a positive attitude to their native language and their multilingualism. A cognitive element in the students’ appreciation of their multilingualism is that they perceive themselves as balanced multilinguals, i.e. master all their languages as well, albeit in different areas. The students express pride and do not seem to hesitate to use their mother tongue. However, it appears that the school is a place associated with the use of Swedish and not their mother tongue. The interviewed teachers express a positive attitude to multilingualism and the students’ maintaining their mother tongue. At the same time, though, the teachers do not seem to be prepared to incorporate the students’ language resources in their teaching.

This study aims to find out the preschool teachers 'experiences and competence about the learning app Polyglutt and in what way Polyglutt can contribute to children's multilingualism from the preschool teachers' perspective. The study has been conducted with the help of semi-structured interviews with ten licensed preschool teachers. The results report the preschool teachers' experiences and competence about Polyglutt. It is also clear how the teaching is conducted in spontaneous and goal-oriented situations and how the relationship between Polyglutt and multilingualism is perceived and utilized in the activities. The conclusion of the study is that Polyglutt is a helpful tool in theory, but it is difficult to work with the learning app in children's groups where the majority of children have a mother tongue other than Swedish. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att ta reda på förskollärares erfarenheter och kompetens om lärandeappen Polyglutt. Studien vill även undersöka på vilket sätt Polyglutt kan bidra till barns flerspråkighet utifrån förskollärarnas perspektiv. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio legitimerade förskollärare. I resultatet redovisas förskollärarnas erfarenheter och kompetens om Polyglutt. Det framgår även hur undervisningen bedrivs i spontana och målstyrda situationer samt hur relationen mellan Polyglutt och flerspråkighet uppfattas och tas tillvara på i verksamheten. Slutsatsen för studien är att Polyglutt är ett hjälpande redskap i teorin men det är svårt att arbeta med lärandeappen i barngrupper där majoriteten av barnen har annat modersmål än svenska.

Today linguistic hybridity is often conceptualized as translanguaging. The present study of translanguaging was a linguistic ethnography, which meant investigating cultural issues as well as linguistic practices. The focus was on bilingual speakers of Vietnamese and English, two "named" languages that differ considerably in morphology, syntax, and orthography. This study, conducted over four and a half months, was situated in the Vietnamese Student Organization of a U.S. university, and it included 37 participants. The research was intended to answer two questions: what forms of translanguaging did these bilinguals use? and what reasons did they provide for instances of translanguaging? In capturing the language use of this community, my role was participant-observer, which entailed observing and audio-recording conversations in three kinds of settings: group meetings, social gatherings, and Facebook communications. Additional insights came from discourse-based interviews, focused on instances of translanguaging by 10 individuals. In the group meetings and Facebook conversations, it was conventional for the major language to be English, whereas in the social gatherings it was Vietnamese. My attention in analyzing these interactions was on patterns of translanguaging that occurred within sentences and those occurring outside sentence boundaries. Overall, most translanguaging occurred intra-sententially, as single words from one language were segmented within a sentence being spoken or written in the other. As to extra-sentential forms, this translanguaging in the group meetings mainly took the form of Vietnamese honorifics, and Facebook conversations included some extra-sentential double postings. Participants provided reasons for translanguaging that included community factors, discourse-related factors, and individual-related factors. This inquiry provides further insights into the multi-competences of bilingual individuals. The Vietnamese-English bilinguals drew flexibly from their linguistic repertoires, merging two languages that are quite different. Use of hybridized language was conventional for them and was central to their practices. This linguistic hybridity was a mutuality—one of the ways in which these students were, in fact, a community.

Thesis(M. A. (Language Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Majority of South African learners come from diverse linguistic, social and cultural backgrounds. Therefore, their diversities in classroom require learning and teaching approaches that are capable of ensuring that classroom interactions fulfil learners’ multilingual needs and also help to improve the learning conditions–and thus the educational system of the country. Learners in South African rural and township schools have limited exposure to English. They come from impoverished backgrounds in which English does not form part of their daily communication, except that they are only exposed to the language at school. Translanguaging seems to be an approach that can be implemented to overcome language barriers in classrooms and resolve the challenges pertaining to the educational system of South Africa. This study aims to disclose how Translanguaging can be implemented to disrupt power imbalances of languages and how its implementation can create an inclusive classroom. The aim of this study is to investigate the benefits of using Translanguaging in a Grade 4 during Life Skills lessons. The study used a qualitative research methodology and adopted a comparative research design. The study has found that learners learn better in a language that they are proficient in. The implication to this finding is that policy makers must be advised to either add Translanguaging as a learning model to the existing models or redesign the existing models to bring transformation as well as to promote African languages as media of instruction

The aim of this study was to investigate teachers’ attitude to their own use toward codeswitching and their attitudes towards code-switching among students. The study further explores whether there is a connection between teachers’ attitudes/responses and their backgrounds such as age, gender, the student group they teach, and their linguistic background. At the same time, the study is a survey of the teachers beliefs concerning other teachers attitudes and approaches to the phenomenon of code-switching. To achieve the aim of this study, a survey was conducted with a sample of 30 participants. The results show that respondents in age groups 25-34 and 45-54 are the ones who are most positive concerning the students’ code-switching and even encourage it. The study concludes that the age of the teachers has an effect on their own code-switching and their responses towards the students’ code-switching.

I denna systematiska litteraturstudie har begreppet translanguaging undersökts. Translanguaging i skolan innebär i korthet att ge flerspråkiga elever möjlighet att använda alla sina språk som resurs i lärandet. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka teorier begreppet bygger på och i vilken eller vilka kontexter det har använts. I studien presenteras det hur begreppet har utvecklats och hur det senare har använts i svenska studier. De svenska studierna visar att lärare har använt translanguaging som metod i språkverkstäder för att ge flerspråkiga elever ökade möjligheter att förstå och utveckla kunskaper. Litteraturstudien bygger på centrala internationella referenser som använts inom translanguaging-fältet. I övrigt är arbetet avgränsat till att omfatta enbart svenska studier. I studien framkommer att den vetenskapsteoretiska utgångspunkt som translanguaging vilar på främst är det sociokulturella perspektivet. Det framhäver att inlärning och utveckling är något som sker i samspel med andra. Samtliga studier ser translanguaging som en meningsfull strategi genom att det gynnar kunskapsutvecklingen när elever utnyttjar sin fulla språkliga repertoar.