This doctoral research is dedicated to the study of identity issues in contexts of renewal or appropriation of ethnic traditions and their displacement, by specific actors, within the realm of holistic spiritualities. These issues revolve around quests for authenticity, legitimacy and negotiation of (intra)-cultural differences. This research problematizes the relationships among mobility, spirituality and Mayan ethnicity, from the perspective of Transnational Studies and life stories, through the concept of neo-Mayanity. These relationships have been embedded in the broader context of "religious change" and its forms since the 1950s and 1960s. On the one hand, these changes imply the rise of New Age currents in the wake of 1968 counter-culture. On the other hand, they stem from the emergence of new forms of "religious or spiritual mobility", more specifically in the transnational circulation of actors, practices, imaginations and symbols. This research features qualitative case studies conducted in different national contexts. Six field studies were carried out as part of a multi-situated ethnography spanning Mexico, Guatemala, Switzerland and Germany, using methods such as narrative interviews, direct participant observations, cyber-ethnography, and ethno-photography. The research aims to show current transformations in the field of Mayan ethnicity, ever since contact with globalized New Age spiritualities. A variety of empirical examples reveal that since the "2012 Phenomenon", the accelerated transnationalization of spiritual leaders has involved a resemantization of symbolic contents and rituals through processes of rearrangement, visual innovation and cohabitation.

A digitalização das mídias e a influência da tecnologia ocasionaram a difusão de um novo modelo de cinema, conjunto complexo de mudanças pautadas na lógica econômica e em um processo de cognição específico. Nesse contexto, na nova disposição do cinema, observa-se uma transformação no processo narrativo fílmico para além de novos formatos e conteúdos audiovisuais. Para investigar o fenômeno da polidimensionalidade do conceito da narrativa no cinema contemporâneo, a presente dissertação realiza uma análise qualitativa de exemplos significativos do cinema comercial, considerando a não-linearidade, a transnacionalização, a transmídia, além de destacar a vertente da multiplicidade narrativa, da polidimensionalidade, no cinema experimental e nas instalações artísticas. Como recorte do objeto de pesquisa, optou-se pela análise do filme Slumdog Millionaire (2008), nos itens transnacionalização e não-linearidade; dos filmes Watchmen (2009) e Batman (The Dark Knight, 2008), como franquias de transmídia; além da multiplicidade do cinema experimental What we will e instalações. O critério de seleção dos filmes foi o destaque que obtiveram nas respectivas categorias nos últimos dois anos, nas grandes bilheterias do cinema comercial pelos sites Filme B e The Internet Movie Database / The digitalization of media and the influence of technology lead to the difusion of a new type of cinema, a complex set of changes related to specific logics of economics and to specific processes of cognition. In this context, in the new organization of cinema, it is possible to behold the process of filmic narrative changing into new formats and new audiovisual content. In order to investigate the phenomenon of the poly-dimensionality of the concept of narrative in the contemporary cinema, the present thesis performs a qualitative analysis of significative examples of the commercial cinema, taking into consideration the concepts of nonlinearity, transnationalization and transmedia. It also highlights the aspects of narrative multiplicity and poly-dimensionality in experimental cinema and installation art. In order to exemplify the research object, the thesis analyzes the movie Slumdog Millionaire (2008), in which concerns transnationalization and nonlinearity; both the movies Watchmen (2008) and Batman (The Dark Knight, 2008), as transmedia franchises; besides approaching the multiplicity of the experimental cinema piece What we will and some installation art pieces. The criterion for the selection of the movies was their good results in theaters for their respective categories in the last two years, according to the websites Filme B and The Internet Movie Database.

A presente tese de doutorado versa sobre encontros e aproximações de imaginários políticos e religiosos na Argentina, no Brasil e no Uruguai, Sobretudo, enfoca-se neste trabalho as imbricações existentes entre o campo político e o campo religioso por ocasião dos processos eleitorais ocorridos em Porto Alegre (BR), Buenos Aires (AR) e Montevidéu (UY), nos anos de 2008 e 2009. Utilizamos a ideia de um esquema tetraédrico conceitual (ETC) sobre o qual interagem três variáveis consideradas, quais sejam: as representações individuais e coletivas (RIC), a memória individual e coletiva (MIC) e os imaginários políticos e religiosos (IRP), que operam sobre um meio comum que denominamos como matriz cultural cisplatina (MCC). Neste sentido, para a realização do presente estudo utilizamos da etnografia multisituada e de inserções constantes em campo nas três cidades mencionadas, onde realizamos entrevistas com indivíduos ligados a diferentes expressões religiosas e tendências políticas. Interessou-nos apreender quais são os aportes comuns existentes nas três cidades e em que medida, estes, facilitam o processo de transnacionalização religiosa. Da mesma forma importa-nos considerar como religiões tidas como tipicamente brasileiras, ao atravessarem as fronteiras nacionais em direção ao Uruguai e a Argentina, levam consigo formas de ser e estar no político que nestes locais são reproduzidas no interior de redes de interação existentes entre pastores e pais-de-santo destes três países. / This thesis deals with encounters and approaches of political and religious imaginaries in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Especially, this work focuses on the imbrications between political and religious fields on the occasion of electoral processes that took place in Porto Alegre (BR), Buenos Aires (AR) and Montevideo (UY), in 2008 and 2009. Also, we use the idea of a tetrahedral conceptual scheme (ETC) in which three considered variables interact, namely: the individual and collective representations (RIC), the individual and collective memory (MIC) and the religious and political imaginaries (IRP) which operate on a common medium that we call as “cisplatin” cultural matrix (MCC). In this sense, for the accomplishment of the present study we use multi-situated ethnography and constant insertions in field in the three mentioned cities, where we carried on interviews with individuals connected to different religious expressions and political tends. We were interested in understanding what are the common inputs existing in the three cities and to what extent they facilitate the process of religious transnationalization. Similarly, we are concerned to consider how religions that are understood as typically Brazilian, taken as they cross national boundaries toward Uruguay and Argentina, carry with themselves ways of being in the political, which in this places are reproduced within the networks of interaction between “pastores” and “pais-de-santo” of these three countries.

A digitalização das mídias e a influência da tecnologia ocasionaram a difusão de um novo modelo de cinema, conjunto complexo de mudanças pautadas na lógica econômica e em um processo de cognição específico. Nesse contexto, na nova disposição do cinema, observa-se uma transformação no processo narrativo fílmico para além de novos formatos e conteúdos audiovisuais. Para investigar o fenômeno da polidimensionalidade do conceito da narrativa no cinema contemporâneo, a presente dissertação realiza uma análise qualitativa de exemplos significativos do cinema comercial, considerando a não-linearidade, a transnacionalização, a transmídia, além de destacar a vertente da multiplicidade narrativa, da polidimensionalidade, no cinema experimental e nas instalações artísticas. Como recorte do objeto de pesquisa, optou-se pela análise do filme Slumdog Millionaire (2008), nos itens transnacionalização e não-linearidade; dos filmes Watchmen (2009) e Batman (The Dark Knight, 2008), como franquias de transmídia; além da multiplicidade do cinema experimental What we will e instalações. O critério de seleção dos filmes foi o destaque que obtiveram nas respectivas categorias nos últimos dois anos, nas grandes bilheterias do cinema comercial pelos sites Filme B e The Internet Movie Database / The digitalization of media and the influence of technology lead to the difusion of a new type of cinema, a complex set of changes related to specific logics of economics and to specific processes of cognition. In this context, in the new organization of cinema, it is possible to behold the process of filmic narrative changing into new formats and new audiovisual content. In order to investigate the phenomenon of the poly-dimensionality of the concept of narrative in the contemporary cinema, the present thesis performs a qualitative analysis of significative examples of the commercial cinema, taking into consideration the concepts of nonlinearity, transnationalization and transmedia. It also highlights the aspects of narrative multiplicity and poly-dimensionality in experimental cinema and installation art. In order to exemplify the research object, the thesis analyzes the movie Slumdog Millionaire (2008), in which concerns transnationalization and nonlinearity; both the movies Watchmen (2008) and Batman (The Dark Knight, 2008), as transmedia franchises; besides approaching the multiplicity of the experimental cinema piece What we will and some installation art pieces. The criterion for the selection of the movies was their good results in theaters for their respective categories in the last two years, according to the websites Filme B and The Internet Movie Database.

Nas últimas décadas, a partir da nova ordem mundial constituída pela globalização, intensificaram-se os fluxos entre diferentes países de práticas, símbolos, capitais, pessoas, religiões e toda a sorte de bens culturais que transitam constantemente e em ritmo acelerado nesse contexto. No que se refere ao campo religioso, percebeu-se que o trânsito de religiões entre o seu contexto nacional e cultural originário e o contexto receptor perpassa diferentes estratégias de adaptação, que reconfiguram os campos religiosos em questão. Este trabalho se ocupa das formas de adaptação em um contexto exterior de religiões originadas no Brasil, mais especificamente das estratégias postas em prática, das ressemantizações produzidas e dos diálogos com a cultura local realizados pela Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus no seu processo de transnacionalização para a Argentina. Desta forma, o trabalho examina a formação de comunidades religiosas transnacionais a partir das novas configurações que se observa atualmente no espaço transnacional formado entre o Brasil e a Argentina e de um diálogo entre as suas sociedades nacionais, aspectos históricos, políticos e culturais relacionados ao campo religioso que possibilitam os fluxos abordados. Tendo como objeto de análise a Igreja Universal na Argentina, avalio a sua presença no exterior a partir de diferentes instâncias, como a sua relação com as sociedades envolventes (de origem e de recepção) e a sua atuação nesses locais mediante uma etnografia das mídias e do cotidiano em templos e rituais da igreja no exterior e de sua relação com outras religiões, como o catolicismo e as religiões de matriz africana. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida entre 2007 e 2012 no Brasil (Brasília e Porto Alegre) e na Argentina (Buenos Aires e conurbado). / In recent decades, arising from the new world order, flows of practices, symbols, capital, people, religions and all sorts of cultural goods which move constantly at a fast pace between different countries were intensified. In regard to religion, the transit of religions between their national and original cultural context to a foreign context entails different adaptation strategies, which reshape these religious fields. This study focuses on the ways religions originated in Brazil adapt to a foreign context, more specifically on the strategies put into practice, on the resemantizations produced and on the dialogues with the local culture established by the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in its process of transnationalization to Argentina. Thus, the thesis examines the formation of transnational religious communities from the new configurations that can be seen today in transnational space formed between Brazil and Argentina and the dialogue between their national societies, historical, political and cultural issues related to the religious field which enable the flows discussed. With the purpose of analyzing the Universal Church in Argentina, this thesis evaluates its presence abroad in such perspectives as, its relationship with the surrounding societies and its performance at these sites through an ethnography of media and of routine in temples and rituals as well as its relationship with other religions, such as catholicism and religions of African origin. This research was conducted between 2007 and 2012 in Brazil (Brasilia and Porto Alegre) and Argentina (Buenos Aires and metropolitan area).

A presente tese de doutorado versa sobre encontros e aproximações de imaginários políticos e religiosos na Argentina, no Brasil e no Uruguai, Sobretudo, enfoca-se neste trabalho as imbricações existentes entre o campo político e o campo religioso por ocasião dos processos eleitorais ocorridos em Porto Alegre (BR), Buenos Aires (AR) e Montevidéu (UY), nos anos de 2008 e 2009. Utilizamos a ideia de um esquema tetraédrico conceitual (ETC) sobre o qual interagem três variáveis consideradas, quais sejam: as representações individuais e coletivas (RIC), a memória individual e coletiva (MIC) e os imaginários políticos e religiosos (IRP), que operam sobre um meio comum que denominamos como matriz cultural cisplatina (MCC). Neste sentido, para a realização do presente estudo utilizamos da etnografia multisituada e de inserções constantes em campo nas três cidades mencionadas, onde realizamos entrevistas com indivíduos ligados a diferentes expressões religiosas e tendências políticas. Interessou-nos apreender quais são os aportes comuns existentes nas três cidades e em que medida, estes, facilitam o processo de transnacionalização religiosa. Da mesma forma importa-nos considerar como religiões tidas como tipicamente brasileiras, ao atravessarem as fronteiras nacionais em direção ao Uruguai e a Argentina, levam consigo formas de ser e estar no político que nestes locais são reproduzidas no interior de redes de interação existentes entre pastores e pais-de-santo destes três países. / This thesis deals with encounters and approaches of political and religious imaginaries in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. Especially, this work focuses on the imbrications between political and religious fields on the occasion of electoral processes that took place in Porto Alegre (BR), Buenos Aires (AR) and Montevideo (UY), in 2008 and 2009. Also, we use the idea of a tetrahedral conceptual scheme (ETC) in which three considered variables interact, namely: the individual and collective representations (RIC), the individual and collective memory (MIC) and the religious and political imaginaries (IRP) which operate on a common medium that we call as “cisplatin” cultural matrix (MCC). In this sense, for the accomplishment of the present study we use multi-situated ethnography and constant insertions in field in the three mentioned cities, where we carried on interviews with individuals connected to different religious expressions and political tends. We were interested in understanding what are the common inputs existing in the three cities and to what extent they facilitate the process of religious transnationalization. Similarly, we are concerned to consider how religions that are understood as typically Brazilian, taken as they cross national boundaries toward Uruguay and Argentina, carry with themselves ways of being in the political, which in this places are reproduced within the networks of interaction between “pastores” and “pais-de-santo” of these three countries.

“Unemployment is a restriction of people’s social networks and the feeling of participation in the society” -Marita Eastmond & Lisa Åkesson Abstract The main aim of this study is to discuss integration in the labour market by analyzing and discussing a governmental Proposition and a Pilot Project as well as the results of the field work herein carried out. In order to understand how integration in the labour market occurs and to provide some suggestions to improve the governmental documents, the concepts of securitization of migration and transnationalization of migration were used as analytical frameworks. The Pilot Project chosen is Pilotverksamhet med etableringssamtal och etableringsplan – Uppdaterad projektplan med mål och riktlinjer för den utvidgade försöksverksamheten based on the Proposition 2009/10:60 ”Nyanlända invandrares arbetsmarknadsetablering – egenansvar med professionellt stöd”. The research questions are 1) which questions are left aside from the Proposition and which are possible suggestions to the questions found? 2) How are the interviewees and the Pilot Project/Proposition affected by securitization of migration and transnationalization of migration? Furthermore, suggestions to improve the proposition were discussed. Interviews with primary and secondary stakeholders were also carried out. This analysis was carried out together with the results of the field work in Kronoberg (focused on residents of Araby, Arbetsförmedlingen and Växjö Kommun) in the view of the concepts of securitization and transnational migration issues. The method of this research is qualitative with an abductive approach. The result of this study indicates a number of issues to be improved in the Proposition document before the law be promulgated by the government, as well as some issues that hinder the integration process of the primary stakeholders. Reflection for future studies concerning the influence of securitization and transnationalization phenomena, as well as suggestions to improve people’s integration processes are presented in the conclusion of this study.  Keywords: Arbetsförmedlingen, Araby, county, immigration, integration, international migration, municipality, Kommun, policy, Proposition, securitization, Sweden, Swedish, Växjö

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Rubens Mascarenhas de Almeida.pdf: 3280270 bytes, checksum: ba370a9aec05f9a797e22ef787cdf771 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to contribute to the study of the current phase of capitalism transnationalization and, within this, the subordinate insertion of the periphery of the system. The approach of the object is done from the systematic rebuilding of both the concept and the historical process, seeking to follow the path of formation and development of the analytical category imperialism, including its sociopolitical dimensions, in a Marxist approach. From a historical perspective, the starting point is the post-World War II (a time of recomposition of capitalism), reaching up to the first decade of the twenty-first century. The focus will prioritarily be on USA/Latin America relations / Este trabalho visa a contribuir para o estudo da atual fase de transnacionalização do capitalismo e, no interior desta, da inserção subalterna da periferia do sistema. A abordagem do objeto é feita a partir da reconstituição sistemática tanto do conceito quanto do processo histórico, buscando acompanhar a trajetória de constituição e desenvolvimento da categoria analítica imperialismo, inclusive suas dimensões sociopolíticas, sob um enfoque marxista. Do ponto de vista histórico, o ponto de partida é o pós-II Guerra Mundial (momento de recomposição do capitalismo), chegando-se até a primeira década do século XXI. O foco incidirá prioritariamente sobre as relações EUA/América Latina

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Rubens Mascarenhas de Almeida.pdf: 3280270 bytes, checksum: ba370a9aec05f9a797e22ef787cdf771 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to contribute to the study of the current phase of capitalism transnationalization and, within this, the subordinate insertion of the periphery of the system. The approach of the object is done from the systematic rebuilding of both the concept and the historical process, seeking to follow the path of formation and development of the analytical category imperialism, including its sociopolitical dimensions, in a Marxist approach. From a historical perspective, the starting point is the post-World War II (a time of recomposition of capitalism), reaching up to the first decade of the twenty-first century. The focus will prioritarily be on USA/Latin America relations / Este trabalho visa a contribuir para o estudo da atual fase de transnacionalização do capitalismo e, no interior desta, da inserção subalterna da periferia do sistema. A abordagem do objeto é feita a partir da reconstituição sistemática tanto do conceito quanto do processo histórico, buscando acompanhar a trajetória de constituição e desenvolvimento da categoria analítica imperialismo, inclusive suas dimensões sociopolíticas, sob um enfoque marxista. Do ponto de vista histórico, o ponto de partida é o pós-II Guerra Mundial (momento de recomposição do capitalismo), chegando-se até a primeira década do século XXI. O foco incidirá prioritariamente sobre as relações EUA/América Latina

This thesis is a comparative study of how elites in Sweden and Poland approach and make sense of EU membership. It begins with the observation that the public debates in several EU member countries are becoming increasingly politicized around a dichotomy, i.e. enthusiasm and skepticism vis-à-vis European integration. Whereas a lot of research in this field covers the characteristics of the European integration process itself, fewer studies focus upon the cognitive complexity involved in national strategic policy choices. The aim of this thesis is to explore, compare and contrast the organizational and cognitive aspects of how Sweden and Poland entered the EU and thereby to contribute to an understanding of how national policymakers in Europe believe that national and supranational integration can work together. The theoretical point of departure is Stein Rokkan’s model of political integration, which emphasizes the importance of functional and territorial political cleavages in the development of modern European nation states. The model is used to identify political actors and structures that are transnationalizing forces in Europe and to determine in what ways they form a challenge to national governments in the process of adaptation to the EU. Representing different theoretical points of intersection in the Rokkanian model, these challenges are defined as Integration, Trade and Industry, Functional Regionalism and Territorial Regionalism. The empirical analysis builds on these theoretical categories and covers three different areas. First, the ways in which adaptation to the EU was organized by the governments of Sweden (1988-1994) and Poland (1998-2004) are scrutinized. Second, documents concerning the strategic policy deliberation of both organizations are analyzed in the light of Rokkanian integration categories. Third, the results of two sets of research interviews, one in each country, are analyzed. A major conclusion drawn in the study is that Rokkanian integration theory holds the key to an understanding of how national policymakers believe that European integration can be segmented and how supranational integration in the economic sphere can evolve separately from other areas of social and political integration. Although from very different countries and political experiences, elites in Sweden and Poland show remarkable cognitive similarities. Another contribution to a cross-national understanding of adaptation to the EU is the cognitive model, which is developed on the basis of empirical study. The model expands upon and goes beyond the simple dichotomy of Enthusiasts and Skeptics in the discussion about European integration. Two new categories are introduced and defined as Voluntarists and Pragmatists. The argument is that new cognitive categories are necessary to improve the description and analysis of how national policy makers in Europe set up long-term political goals and manage complex issues in the process of European integration.