Turismo Dávila es una empresa de transporte terrestre con autorización para prestar servicio de transporte turístico y de personal a nivel nacional desde hace 5 años, en ese marco sus principales usuarios son trabajadores del sector minero. Dada la constante y creciente demanda de estos servicios, la empresa ha incrementado su flota de vehículos y ampliado su cartera de clientes. La clave para mantener y permitir el crecimiento del negocio está en brindar servicios de acuerdo a los requerimientos del cliente y con la menor siniestralidad, por eso es fundamental contar con una eficiente operatividad y disponibilidad de la flota de vehículos lo que no se está concretando en la realidad, allí parte el desarrollo de ésta investigación: plantear la implementación de una Gestión del Mantenimiento para los vehículos de la empresa de tal forma que estos puedan cumplir una función óptima bajo los parámetros solicitados y esperados por el cliente. / Turismo Dávila is a land transport company authorized to provide tourist transport service and personnel nationwide for 5 years, in this framework its main users are workers in the mining sector. Given the constant and growing demand for these services, the company has increased its vehicle fleet and expanded its client base. The key to maintaining and allowing the growth of the business is to provide services according to customer requirements and with the lowest accident rate, so it is essential to have an efficient operation and availability of the fleet of vehicles which is not being specified in the reality, there starts the development of this research: to propose the implementation of a Maintenance Management for the vehicles of the company in such a way that they can fulfill an optimal function under the parameters requested and expected by the client. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Användandet av digitaliseringsteknologier har blivit allt vanligare i supply chain management. Denna studie undersöker utmaningar och möjligheter med digitalisering av transportsektorn. Projektets genomförande grundar sig på litteraturstudier av akademiska artiklar. Artiklarna erhölls via Internetbaserade databaser som exempelvis Diva-portal, Google Scholar, KTH Primo, ScienceDirect, Scopus och Springer. Dessutom intervjuades fem doktorander och representanter från olika företag för att få en djupare inblick och förståelse för sektorn och dess utmaningar samt möjligheter. Resultaten tyder på att det förekom varierande drivkrafter till digitalisering av transportsektorn, såsom: ökad effektivitet och produktivitet, minskade kostnader och miljöpåverkan samt förbättrad kundupplevelse. Implementeringen av digitaliseringsteknologier skapar också många möjligheter, exempelvis förbättrad spårbarhet och säkerhet i leveranskedjan, mer automatiserade och snabbare processer samt ökad tillgänglighet och flexibilitet för kunder. För en framgångsrik implementering av digitaliseringsteknologier inom transportsektorn krävs övervinnande av flera utmaningar. Dessa inkluderar tekniska hinder som systemintegration och it-säkerhet, samt kulturella och organisatoriska hinder som bristande samarbete mellan aktörer och motstånd mot förändring. Slutligen konstateras att det är viktigt att transportföretagen arbetar aktivt med att övervinna dessa utmaningar och dra nytta av de möjligheter som digitaliseringen erbjuder. En stegvis implementering tillsammans med ett öppet samarbete mellan aktörer i sektorn kan bidra till en smidig övergång till en digitaliserad transportsektor. Detta kan förbättra både effektiviteten och hållbarheten i branschen. / The use of digitalization technologies is increasingly prevalent in supply chain management. This study explored the challenges and opportunities of digitizing the transport sector. The project was based on literature studies of academic articles. These articles were found through internet based databases such as Diva Portal, Google Scholar, KTH Primo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Springer. Additionally representatives from various companies and PhD students were interviewed to gain a deeper understanding of the sector and the challenges and opportunities they face. The results indicated that there were various driving forces for the digitization of the transport sector including increased efficiency and productivity, reduced costs and environmental impact, and improved customer experience. Implementing digitization technologies also creates many opportunities such as improved traceability and security in the supply chain, more automated and faster processes as well as increased accessibility and flexibility for customers. For a successful implementation of digitalization technologies in the transportation sector, several challenges need to be overcome. These include technical barriers such as system integration and IT security, as well as cultural and organizational barriers. Which include a lack of collaboration between stakeholders and resistance to change. In conclusion it is essential that the transport companies actively work to overcome these challenges and take advantage of the opportunities that digitization offers. A gradual implementation, combined with open collaboration among stakeholders in the sector, can contribute to a seamless transition to a digitalized transportation sector. This can improve both the efficiency and sustainability of the industry.

O presente trabalho identifica possíveis melhorias nos processos do Setor de Transporte do Campus Pouso Alegre do IFSULDEMINAS e propõe uma alternativa otimizada para esta função. A identificação das melhorias foi realizada através do mapeamento de processos, por meio da ferramenta Bizagi Process Modeler. Após mapear os processos de trabalho atuais, eles foram redesenhados e melhorados. Dessa forma, o presente estudo respondeu à seguinte questão: o que pode ser melhorado nos processos de trabalho do Setor de Transporte do Campus Pouso Alegre do IFSULDEMINAS? O trabalho apresenta definições acerca da gestão no setor público e aborda alguns conceitos sobre gestão de processos. Em seguida o leitor é conduzido às definições de gestão por processos. São tratados também alguns conceitos sobre mapeamento de processos. O estudo foi desenvolvido através de leituras e análises de livros, artigos, dissertações, assim como periódicos científicos. Utilizou-se da pesquisa-ação como ferramenta metodológica de estudo com o propósito de fazer um levantamento acerca das atividades e processos que compõem este setor. Também foram utilizados documentos da Instituição para verificar dados necessários à elaboração do estudo. Além disso, utilizou-se da observação local para composição de informações necessárias à realização da pesquisa. Depois de identificadas as atividades e processos existentes, foram feitos os devidos mapeamentos desses processos e então foram propostas melhorias, através de novos mapas de processos, com ganho de desempenho e redução de atividades. / The present work identifies possible improvements in the processes of the Transport Sector of the Campus Pouso Alegre of IFSULDEMINAS and proposes an optimized alternative for this function. The identification of improvements was performed by process mapping, through Bizagi Process Modeler tool. After mapping the current work processes, they have been redesigned and improved. In this way, this study answered the question: what can be improved in the work processes in the Transport Sector of the Campus Pouso Alegre of the IFSULDEMINAS? The paper presents definitions about management in the public sector and discusses some concepts about process management. The reader is then guided to the definitions of management by process. Some concepts about process mapping are also discussed. The study was developed through readings and analyzes of books, articles, dissertations, as well as scientific journals. Action research was used as a methodological study tool with the purpose of making a survey about the activities and processes that make up this sector. Documents from the Institution were also used to verify the data needed to prepare the study. In addition, local observation was used to compose the information needed to carry out the research. After identifying existing activities and processes, proper mapping of these processes were made and then improvements were proposed, through new processes maps, with performance gain and reduction of activities.

O setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro apresenta uma dinamicidade socioespacial que está relacionada à atuação e às ações estratégicas desenvolvidas pelas companhias aéreas em múltiplas escalas territoriais. Este trabalho se propõe analisar e discutir as estratégias empresariais no setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro considerando as principais companhias do país, pois são essas que empreendem uma constante dinâmica a partir de ações estratégicas que promovem a concorrência e a competitividade, mas que também se consubstanciam por estratégias de cooperação. Ao analisar a reprodução do capital empresarial, este trabalho discute as estratégias de três das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras que concentram a maioria dos voos realizados no país, sendo: a TAM Linhas Aéreas, a GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes e a AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considerando a integração entre a dinâmica do capital e a dinâmica territorial, defendemos a tese de que há uma indissociabilidade na relação entre as ações do capital empresarial em determinados territórios e aeroportos que constituem o interesse das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras. O objetivo primordial das empresas aéreas é buscar e garantir um maior alcance do seu poder de atuação territorial. Assim, essas ações estratégias são desenvolvidas para obter e deter o domínio, a supremacia de expansão do poder territorial, daí a constante necessidade de se promover acordos e alianças com outras companhias. Diante dessa abordagem, somam-se elementos como: a concorrência, a competitividade, a cooperação, a distribuição das malhas aéreas e a definição dos principais hubs aeroportuários, as concessões de aeroportos à iniciativa privada e a participação e influência das ações do capital estrangeiro. Em síntese, esses elementos constituem um conjunto de referências para analisar e discutir as ações do capital empresarial integrada à busca por poder de atuação territorial. / The Brazilian air transport sector has socio-spatial dynamics that are related to the performance and strategic actions developed by the airlines at multiple territorial levels. This study aims to analyze and discuss the business strategies in the Brazilian air transport sector considering the leading companies in the country, for these are the agents that engage in a constant and relevant dynamic based on strategic actions that promote rivalry and competition, but that are also supported by cooperative strategies. By analyzing the reproduction of business capital, this work discusses the strategies of three Brazilian companies that operate most flights in the country, namely: TAM Linhas Aéreas, GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes and AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considering the integration between capital dynamics and territorial dynamics, we defend the thesis that there is an inseparable link between the effects of business capital and certain territories and airports, which constitute the fundamental interests of the main Brazilian airlines. The primary objective of these companies is to pursue and ensure an increase in their potential territorial range. As such, these strategic actions are developed to obtain and hold the command, the supremacy over the expansion of territorial power. It is this that gives rise to the constant need to promote agreements and alliances with other companies. This approach is supplemented by such elements as: rivalry, competition, cooperation, distribution of air networks, definition of the main airport hubs, public concessions of airports to private companies, in addition to the participation and influence of foreign capital. In summary, these elements constitute a set of references to analyze and discuss the effects of business capital integrated with the search to control territorial range.

<p>Today’s political debate on environmental issues and environmental thinking, alongside the Swedish presidency of the EU and Climate Conferences shows that the environment is an important topic. Environment is important, not only in politics, but also for companies and the demand of environmental strategies and environmental reports has increased. This leads to an increased pressure on firms to begin to report on environmental concerns and to create active systems for environmental thinking.</p><p>The aim of the present study is to examine why firms in the transport sector, mainly lorry transports, reports environmental aspects and what drives these companies to create these reports.</p><p>Based on stakeholder and institutional theory we aim to examine to which extent stakeholders affects the environmental accounting and reporting. We also aim to explain how the organization is influenced to incorporate external and societal environmental procedures. By using a qualitative research method we try to answers the main issue.</p><p>The results shows that firms in the transport industry prepare the environmental statements to manage their primary stakeholders. The market is highly interest-driven and the legislative provision in the environmental field is non-existent.</p><p>We can theoretically see a value in environmental statements, but there is no practical knowledge or study that conveys the corporate values in the area. This, we try to explain by using a practical point of view of environmental accounting.</p> / <p>Dagens politiska debatt om miljöfrågor och miljömässigt tänkande, tillsammans med Sveriges ordförandeskap i EU och klimatmöten visar att miljö är ett viktigt diskussionsämne. Miljö är inte bara viktigt inom politiken utan även för företag. Efterfrågan på miljöstrategier och miljörapporter leder till en ökad press på företag att börja miljöredovisa och nyansera eller skapa aktiva system för miljötänkande.</p><p>Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka varför företag i transportbranschen, huvudsakligen lastbilstransporter, miljöredovisar.</p><p>Baserad på intressentteorin och den institutionella teorin ämnar studien undersöka i vilken utsträckning intressenter påverkar miljöredovisningen och miljörapporten samt hur organisationen påverkas att inkorporera externa och samhälleliga procedurer för miljöredovisning. Genom användning av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod försöker vi svara på frågeställningen.</p><p>Resultaten visar att företag i transportbranschen utarbetar en miljöredovisning för att hantera sina primära intressenter. Marknaden är väldigt intressentstyrd och den lagreglering som finns inom miljöområdet är obefintlig i sammanhanget.</p><p>Då vi teoretiskt sett ser ett värde på miljöredovisning, trots att det inte finns någon praktisk kunskap eller undersökning som förmedlar de avgränsade företagens värderingar inom området, ämnar vi genom studien få fram en praktisk synvinkel på miljöredovisning.</p>

Today’s political debate on environmental issues and environmental thinking, alongside the Swedish presidency of the EU and Climate Conferences shows that the environment is an important topic. Environment is important, not only in politics, but also for companies and the demand of environmental strategies and environmental reports has increased. This leads to an increased pressure on firms to begin to report on environmental concerns and to create active systems for environmental thinking. The aim of the present study is to examine why firms in the transport sector, mainly lorry transports, reports environmental aspects and what drives these companies to create these reports. Based on stakeholder and institutional theory we aim to examine to which extent stakeholders affects the environmental accounting and reporting. We also aim to explain how the organization is influenced to incorporate external and societal environmental procedures. By using a qualitative research method we try to answers the main issue. The results shows that firms in the transport industry prepare the environmental statements to manage their primary stakeholders. The market is highly interest-driven and the legislative provision in the environmental field is non-existent. We can theoretically see a value in environmental statements, but there is no practical knowledge or study that conveys the corporate values in the area. This, we try to explain by using a practical point of view of environmental accounting. / Dagens politiska debatt om miljöfrågor och miljömässigt tänkande, tillsammans med Sveriges ordförandeskap i EU och klimatmöten visar att miljö är ett viktigt diskussionsämne. Miljö är inte bara viktigt inom politiken utan även för företag. Efterfrågan på miljöstrategier och miljörapporter leder till en ökad press på företag att börja miljöredovisa och nyansera eller skapa aktiva system för miljötänkande. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka varför företag i transportbranschen, huvudsakligen lastbilstransporter, miljöredovisar. Baserad på intressentteorin och den institutionella teorin ämnar studien undersöka i vilken utsträckning intressenter påverkar miljöredovisningen och miljörapporten samt hur organisationen påverkas att inkorporera externa och samhälleliga procedurer för miljöredovisning. Genom användning av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod försöker vi svara på frågeställningen. Resultaten visar att företag i transportbranschen utarbetar en miljöredovisning för att hantera sina primära intressenter. Marknaden är väldigt intressentstyrd och den lagreglering som finns inom miljöområdet är obefintlig i sammanhanget. Då vi teoretiskt sett ser ett värde på miljöredovisning, trots att det inte finns någon praktisk kunskap eller undersökning som förmedlar de avgränsade företagens värderingar inom området, ämnar vi genom studien få fram en praktisk synvinkel på miljöredovisning.

O setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro apresenta uma dinamicidade socioespacial que está relacionada à atuação e às ações estratégicas desenvolvidas pelas companhias aéreas em múltiplas escalas territoriais. Este trabalho se propõe analisar e discutir as estratégias empresariais no setor de transporte aéreo brasileiro considerando as principais companhias do país, pois são essas que empreendem uma constante dinâmica a partir de ações estratégicas que promovem a concorrência e a competitividade, mas que também se consubstanciam por estratégias de cooperação. Ao analisar a reprodução do capital empresarial, este trabalho discute as estratégias de três das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras que concentram a maioria dos voos realizados no país, sendo: a TAM Linhas Aéreas, a GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes e a AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considerando a integração entre a dinâmica do capital e a dinâmica territorial, defendemos a tese de que há uma indissociabilidade na relação entre as ações do capital empresarial em determinados territórios e aeroportos que constituem o interesse das principais companhias aéreas brasileiras. O objetivo primordial das empresas aéreas é buscar e garantir um maior alcance do seu poder de atuação territorial. Assim, essas ações estratégias são desenvolvidas para obter e deter o domínio, a supremacia de expansão do poder territorial, daí a constante necessidade de se promover acordos e alianças com outras companhias. Diante dessa abordagem, somam-se elementos como: a concorrência, a competitividade, a cooperação, a distribuição das malhas aéreas e a definição dos principais hubs aeroportuários, as concessões de aeroportos à iniciativa privada e a participação e influência das ações do capital estrangeiro. Em síntese, esses elementos constituem um conjunto de referências para analisar e discutir as ações do capital empresarial integrada à busca por poder de atuação territorial. / The Brazilian air transport sector has socio-spatial dynamics that are related to the performance and strategic actions developed by the airlines at multiple territorial levels. This study aims to analyze and discuss the business strategies in the Brazilian air transport sector considering the leading companies in the country, for these are the agents that engage in a constant and relevant dynamic based on strategic actions that promote rivalry and competition, but that are also supported by cooperative strategies. By analyzing the reproduction of business capital, this work discusses the strategies of three Brazilian companies that operate most flights in the country, namely: TAM Linhas Aéreas, GOL Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes and AZUL Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras. Considering the integration between capital dynamics and territorial dynamics, we defend the thesis that there is an inseparable link between the effects of business capital and certain territories and airports, which constitute the fundamental interests of the main Brazilian airlines. The primary objective of these companies is to pursue and ensure an increase in their potential territorial range. As such, these strategic actions are developed to obtain and hold the command, the supremacy over the expansion of territorial power. It is this that gives rise to the constant need to promote agreements and alliances with other companies. This approach is supplemented by such elements as: rivalry, competition, cooperation, distribution of air networks, definition of the main airport hubs, public concessions of airports to private companies, in addition to the participation and influence of foreign capital. In summary, these elements constitute a set of references to analyze and discuss the effects of business capital integrated with the search to control territorial range.

This thesis aims to investigate how the objectives of neoliberal economic thought and total defence structure are relatable in defence planning. With a theoretical base in research on outsourcing of military logistics, the thesis sets out to contribute to the field of research by conceptualising the objectives of a total defence structure as a way of understanding the defence posture in Sweden since 2015. This is analysed through an in-depth study of Swedish defence planning reports and interviews with relevant actors using a thematic approach of data analysis.  The research identifies that the objectives of neoliberal economic thought and total defence structure correlate to a certain extent but there are also some discrepancies that affect the defence planning and ability. The result indicates that there is a potential to combine the objectives more efficiently if the conceptualisations were developed to fit the current societal structure where outsourcing is a common practice.

The electrification of the road freight sector has been visible in society during the last couple of years, where several companies have started to o↵er electric solutions. Further, this is due to an increased awareness of the negative impact of transport on the environment. However, Key Per- formance Indicators (KPIs) for evaluation and benchmarking have not kept up with the transition, creating a problem for new electric solutions to be communicated and understood.  The following study has been conducted with a Partner Company, which is a Swedish company that currently o↵ers electric transport. The Partner Company experiences a knowledge gap regarding which KPIs transport buyers follow up, whereas they want to know which KPIs are demanded when going electric. Therefore, a framework of KPIs could facilitate communication between stakeholders on the market and, with some adjustments, also be tailored to fit the Partner Company’s business. The purpose of the study is thus to design a framework of KPIs to measure and evaluate electric road freight and further adjust the framework to Partner Company. Developing a framework of KPIs requires structuring the constituent parameters to ease usability and practical applicability. The literature highlights that designing a framework can be done by determining KPIs, character- istics of the KPIs, and an appropriate categorization. Therefore, literature was studied regarding transport, KPIs, and processes of developing frameworks of KPIs. Together with the literature and the background, the process developed further acted as a basis for developing the study’s three Research Questions, aiming to ease answering the study’s overall purpose. The first Research Question is based on understanding traditional, fossil-driven road freight. The second Research Question aims to design a framework connected to electric road freight. When answering these questions, empirical data consisted of semi-structured interviews with transport buyers, transport providers, associated organizations, OEMs, and internal interviews at the Partner Company. The data collected was further analyzed to enable answering the Research Questions. Furthermore, the third Research Question intended to adjust the framework to fit the Partner Company, where a workshop with the Partner Company acted as empirical input and, together with an analysis of answers, further answered the last Research Question.  The framework developed was designed to facilitate communication between transport providers and transport buyers. Therefore, it was essential to capture transport buyers’ concerns, level of knowledge, and maturity regarding electric road freight and match the needs with the transport provider’s o↵ers.  After analyzing empirical data validated by literature, a cross-functional categorization of the framework could be made. KPIs were selected and assigned in the constituent categories of De- livery service, Costs, Operational electric, Planning and optimization, and Environmental impact. Furthermore, several characteristics were applied to each of the included KPIs, where important characteristics are; based on data, traceable, transparent, and market-oriented. In order to meet the study’s purpose, the framework was further adjusted to the Partner Company. The adjusted framework created a clear structure to facilitate when the Partner Company communicates KPIs with transport buyers. Several KPIs are recommended to be raised to solely build trust during the sales process. Other, more operational KPIs should be used by existing customers when following up the transport activity, and some KPIs should be written when the Partner Company contracts with new customers. In conclusion, the study’s purpose was achieved, as the framework developed is considered to facilitate the measuring and evaluation of electric road freight. The generalizability of the framework enables stakeholders in the market to further apply it within their businesses. The framework reduces the knowledge gap and increases communicability for improved benchmarking. Further, as the framework can act as a standard, the understanding of electric road freight can increase, something the study’s problematization was intended to facilitate.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Alves Hernandes.pdf: 1337208 bytes, checksum: 0a0dbe42d8949439ba3ce9356bf56c49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / Despite being considered as one of the main drivers for economic and social development, infrastructure services received low investments in the 1980s and 1990s in Brazil. As of 2002, with the introduction of government policies and direct governmental action in planning and funding, investments in key infrastructure sectors resumed. The Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) and investments in the transport sector where very important. The perspective created by public investment in infrastructure works as a trigger to attract private investment, in infrastructure itself, as in other economic sectors. Economic theory considers that the creation of such an environment is propitious for development / Apesar de ser apontado como um dos principais fatores propulsores do desenvolvimento econômico e social, os serviços de infraestrutura receberam pouco investimento nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 no Brasil. Foi a partir de 2002, com a introdução de políticas governamentais e ação direta do Estado no planejamento e financiamento, que os investimentos nos setores de infraestrutura foram retomados. Destaque para o Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) e os investimentos realizados no setor de transportes. A perspectiva criada pelo investimento público em infraestrutura funcionou como um gatilho para atrair investimentos privados, tanto em infraestrutura, quanto em outros setores econômicos. Na teoria econômica, a criação de desse ambiente é propício para o desenvolvimento