Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-01T18:12:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-11-05T12:55:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T13:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Josiane Silva Silveira vers?o final corrigida.pdf: 4036302 bytes, checksum: cdea806bf90b79da9a4047282152d203 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / INTRODUCTION: asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by secretion of elevated levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13), reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy and eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) release in airway. Moreover, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection may facilitate allergic sensitization development as well as exacerbate asthma symptoms. Recently, studies have demonstrated an increase of autophagy in eosinophils of asthmatic patients, contributing to an increase in inflammatory response. In asthma, an increase in EETs release may cause tissue damage and an increase in mucus viscosity, which contribute to airway obstruction and reduction of lung function. However, the mechanism of EETs formation and its pathophysiologic role in asthma are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this dissertation was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in EETs release in asthma. We investigated whether the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) could induce EETs in vitro in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils of an experimental asthma model. Moreover, we evaluated ROS and autophagy participation in mechanisms involved in EETs formation. METHODS: in order to perform the experimental model of asthma, BALB/cJ mice were sensitized with two subcutaneous injections of ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 7, followed by three intranasal challenges with OVA on days 14, 15 and 16 of the protocol. In paper 1, BALF eosinophils of OVA group and control group were stimulated with RSV (103 PFU/mL) in vitro for 3 hours. After that, culture supernatant was collected in order to perform the analyses proposed in this study which were evaluated according to the specific objectives of this paper. In paper 2, during the experimental asthma protocol, mice were treated intranasally with a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NDPH oxidase) inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), or a glutathione precursor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In paper 3, mice were treated intranasally with an autophagy inhibitor, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). Treatments were performed 45 minutes before of the three intranasal administrations with OVA. At the end of the protocol, BALF and lung tissue were collected to perform the techniques discribed in each of the papers, according to their specific objectives. RESULTS: in paper 1, we verified an increase in EETs release in BALF eosinophils from OVA group stimulated with RSV in vitro. RSV in vitro decreased IFN-? in BALF cells when compared to the OVA group. In paper 2, we showed that in NAC-treated OVA group there was a decrease in the inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissue. DPI or NAC treatments reduced EPO activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, inflammatory cytokines and NF?B p65 immunocontent in lung, and they helped in decreasing ROS production in lung. Furthermore, NAC increased catalase (CAT) activity in lung. However, only NAC treatment improved mitochondrial energy metabolism in lung. We showed that DPI or NAC reduced EETs formation in BALF from the OVA group. In paper 3, we showed that in 3-MA-treated OVA group there was a decrease in the inflammatory cells, EPO activity, goblet cells hyperplasia, inflammatory cytokines, NF?B p65 immunocontent, and oxidative stress in airway. Moreover, 3-MA was able to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism and increase Na+,K+-ATPase activity. We also demonstrated that 3-MA decreased light chain 3B (LC3B) in BALF cells and lung tissue as well as reduced EETs formation in BALF. CONCLUSION: our results verified an important role for RSV in the induction of EETs release. Moreover, DPI, NAC and 3-MA treatments decreased airway inflammation, oxidative stress and EETs release in asthma. Our data suggested that RSV, ROS and autophagy participate in the mechanisms for EETs release in asthma. Thus, identification of mechanisms that regulate EETs formation in asthma may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this chronic inflammatory disease which damages patients? quality of life and is responsible for a high economic cost for the Brazilian Single Health System (SUS). / INTRODU??O: a asma ? uma doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica caracterizada pela secre??o de elevados n?veis de citocinas do perfil T helper 2 (Th2) como interleucina (IL)-4, IL-5 e IL-13, esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (EROs), aumento da autofagia e forma??o redes extracelulares de eosin?filos (EETs). A infec??o pelo v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) pode facilitar o desenvolvimento da sensibiliza??o al?rgica bem como exacerbar os sintomas da doen?a. Recentemente, estudos t?m demonstrado o aumento da autofagia em eosin?filos das vias de pacientes asm?ticos, contribuindo para o aumento da resposta inflamat?ria nas vias a?reas. Na asma, a produ??o excessiva de EETs pode causar dano tecidual e aumento da viscosidade do muco, podendo contribuir para o aumento da obstru??o da via a?rea e redu??o da fun??o pulmonar. Entretanto, os mecanismos de forma??o das EETs e seu papel fisiopatol?gico na asma s?o pouco compreendidos. OBJETIVO: esta disserta??o teve como objetivo elucidar alguns mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o de EETs na asma. Avaliamos a participa??o do VSR in vitro, das EROs e da autofagia nos mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o das EETs em eosin?filos do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) em um modelo experimental de asma. METODOLOGIA: para o desenvolvimento do modelo experimental de asma, camundongos BALB/cJ foram sensibilizados com duas inje??es subcut?neas de ovalbumina (OVA) nos dias 0 e 7 seguidos por tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA nos dias 14, 15 e 16 do protocolo. No artigo cient?fico 1, eosin?filos do LBA de animais do grupo OVA e do grupo controle foram estimulados com VSR (103 PFU/mL) in vitro por 3 horas. Ap?s este per?odo, o sobrenadante da cultura foi coletado para a realiza??o das t?cnicas avaliadas conforme os objetivos espec?ficos deste artigo cient?fico. No artigo cientifico 2, durante o protocolo experimental de asma, os animais foram tratados via intranasal com um inibidor da nicotinamida adenina dinucleot?deo fosfato oxidase (NADPH oxidase), difenileno-iod?nio (DPI), ou com um precursor da glutationa, N-acetilciste?na (NAC), 45 minutos antes dos tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA. J? no artigo cientifico 3, os animais foram tratados via intranasal com um inibidor de autofagia, 3-metiladenina (3-MA), 45 minutos antes dos tr?s desafios intranasais com OVA. Ao final do protocolo o LBA e o tecido pulmonar foram coletados para a realiza??o das t?cnicas avaliadas em cada um dos artigos cient?ficos, conforme seus objetivos espec?ficos. RESULTADOS: no artigo cientifico 1, observamos um aumento na libera??o de EETs em eosin?filos do LBA de animais submetidos ao modelo experimental de asma e estimulados com VSR in vitro. Por outro lado, o VSR in vitro foi capaz de diminuir os n?veis de IFN-? no sobrenadante da cultura de eosin?filos do LBA. Em rela??o aos resultados do artigo cient?fico 2, verificamos que no grupo OVA tratado com NAC ocorreu uma diminui??o no n?mero de c?lulas inflamat?rias no LBA bem como uma redu??o no infiltrado inflamat?rio pulmonar. Al?m disso, os animais do grupo OVAM tratados com DPI ou NAC apresentaram uma redu??o da enzima EPO, hiperplasia de c?lulas caliciformes, citocinas inflamat?rias e da prote?na fator nuclear kappa B (NF?B p65). Os tratamentos com DPI ou NAC foram capazes de reduzir a forma??o de EROs, aumentar a atividade da enzima catalase antixidante (CAT). Por outro lado, par?metros do metabolismo energ?tico mitocondrial aumentaram somente com o tratamento com NAC. Por fim, demonstramos que os tratamentos com DPI ou NAC foram capazes de reduzir a forma??o de EETs do LBA. No artigo cient?fico 3, observamos que no grupo OVA tratado com o inibidor de autofagia, 3-MA, ocorreu uma diminui??o no n?mero de c?lulas inflamat?rias no LBA bem como uma redu??o do infiltrado inflamat?rio pulmonar. Al?m disso, os animais tratados com 3-MA apresentaram uma redu??o nos n?veis da enzima EPO, hiperplasia de c?lulas caliciformes, citocinas inflamat?rias e da prote?na NF?B p65. O tratamento com 3-MA foi capaz de reduzir a forma??o de EROs bem como aumentar os n?veis da enzima antioxidante CAT. O tratamento com 3-MA tamb?m melhorou par?metros do metabolismo energ?tico mitocondrial e a atividade da enzima Na+,K+ATPase. Demonstramos tamb?m que o tratamento com 3-MA diminuiu o imunoconte?do da prote?na light chain 3B (LC3B) em eosin?filos do LBA e no tecido pulmonar e reduziu a forma??o de EETs no LBA. CONCLUS?O: Nossos resultados demonstram um importante papel do VSR na indu??o da libera??o de EETs. Al?m disso, verificamos que os tratamentos com DPI, NAC e 3-MA foram capazes de reduzir a inflama??o das vias a?reas, o estresse oxidativo e a libera??o de EETs no LBA. Demonstramos que o VSR, as EROs e a autofagia participam dos mecanismos que regulam o processo de libera??o das EETs na asma. Assim, a identifica??o de alguns desses mecanismos envolvidos na libera??o de EETs na asma pode contribuir para uma melhor compreens?o da patog?nese desta doen?a inflamat?ria cr?nica que prejudica a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e ? respons?vel por um alto custo econ?mico para o Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS).

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die Wechselwirkung von Indium (In) und Magnesium (Mg) als Topelektroden auf zwei Perylen-Derivativen, 3,4,9,10-Perylentetracarbonsäure Dianhydrid (PTCDA) und Dimethyl-3,4,9,10- Perylentetracarbonsäure Diimid (DiMe-PTCDI) untersucht. Die Metal/organische Schichten wurden auf S-passivierten GaAs(100):2x1-Substraten hergestellt und unter Ultrahochvakuum (UHV)-Bedingungens aufgedampft. Als Hauptcharakterisierungsmethode wird die Raman-Spektroskopie eingesetzt, die eine nicht-destruktive Methode ist,und auch in situ Untersuchungen des Wachstumsprozesses ermöglicht. Die experimentell Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass alle aufgedampft Metallen auf die organische Schichten von PTCDA und DiMe-PTCDI eine Verstärkung des aktive Raman Signals von interne Schwingungsmoden fördern, begleitet durch die Aktivierung von normalerweise Infrarotaktivemoden. Diesem Phänomen als Oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Spektroskopie (SERS) genannt ist. Das Mg Wachstum auf beiden Molekularstrukturen wurde durch die viel niedrigere Diffusion des Metalls in die organischen Molekülen im Vergleich zum Indium, es war durch die Bewahrung des von externe molekulare Schwingungsmoden nach das Metallswachstum, und in ersten Mal in einem Ramanexperiment beobachtet. Die PTCDA/Mg Strukturen formen sich durch zwei Stufen des Metallwachstum, die erste gehört zu einer neuen molekularen Struktur für eine Mg Schicht dünner als 2.8 nm, wo das PTCDA Molekühl des Sauerstoff-Atoms von die dianhydride Gruppe verliert. Die zweite gehört zu das SERS Spektrum von die vorherige Struktur. Im Fall von Mg/DiMe-PTCDI Heterostrukturen, den Molekühl wird gut bewahrt, wo die Raman Verschiebung an der diimide Gruppe wird nicht modifiziert. Auch von dieser Struktur eine interessante Eigenschaft wurde durch die Kopplung zwischen diskret Moleküleigenschwingungen am 221 cm^-1, 1291 cm^-1 und 1606 cm^-1 des organischen Materials und den elektronischen Kontinuum-Zuständen des Mg-Metallkontakts. Ihre entsprechenden Energieliniengestalten werden gut durch die Breit-Wigner-Fano-Funktion beschrieben. Die Untersuchungen auf dem vorherigen Heterostrukturen half, die Kanalbildung von Pentacen-basierten organische Feldeffekt-Transistoren (OFETs) experimentell zu analysieren, und in ersten Mal in einem Ramanexperiment durchgeführt. Der organische Kanal war gebildet durch die organische Molekularstrahldeposition (OMBD) unter UHV-Bedingungens der Pentacen Moleküle, und es war mit eine Evaporationsrate von ca. 0.65 Å/min aufgedampft. Nach jede Aufdampfung von ca. 0.1 nm des organische Moleküle, den Strom und den Ramansignal in den Kanal wurden in situ gemessen. Die minimale nominelle Dicke des organischen Materials erforderlich für den effizienten Ladungstransport durch den OFET Kanal wurde um ungefähr 1.5 nm nomineller Einschluss oder 1.1 Monolagen (ML) zu sein. Eigenschaften der ersten Monolagen werden gut im Vergleich mit dickeren Schichten definiert, wo die 1.1 ML eine gestrecktes Natur wegen seines direkten Kontakts mit dem Gate-Isolator präsentieren. Es wurde gefunden, dass der leitende organische Kanal bzw. -organische erhöhende Schicht (OBL)- eine Druckdeformierung hat. Dieses Phänomen durch die rote Verschiebung der Ramanbanden beobachtet war. Das Ausgangskennlinienfeld des OFETs wurden nach die letzte aufgedampft organische Schicht gemessen. Es wurde gefunden, dass der Drain-Strom einem Relaxationsprozesse mit zwei Zeitkonstanten hat, wo eine in der Ordnung von 10¹ min ist und die zweite unter 10² min. Ein ähnliches Experiment mit der Beleuchtung des Kanals mit einer 676.4 nm Laserquelle, es erhöht der Drain- Strom und lässt ummodifiziert die Zeitkonstanten. In der Ergänzung, die OFET-Strukturen waren ex situ durch Landungstransientspektroskopie (QTS) unstersucht. Die QTS Spektren zeigten positive und negative Banden zum Gesamtsignal der relaxierte Ladung in Bezug auf die einzigartige Biaspulsepolarität. Wir haben dieses Phänomen als ,,anomales Verhalten des QTS-Signals“ genannt, und in ersten Mal in einem QTS-Experiment beobachtet. Bei Wiederholung der QTS-Messung innerhalb ca. 100 min, die QTS-Spektre eine langsame Relaxationsprozesse von Störstellen am 5 μs in bereich ca. 63 min < 10^2 min hat. Die Einfangsquerschnitten sind Zeitabhängig, es bedeutet, dass die Störstellendichte nicht Konstant im Lauf der Betriebs des OFET bleibt. Dafür des Drain-Strom verändert sich und die Beweglichkeit unabhängige des elektrisches Feld ist. Experimentell Untersuchungen auf dem OFETs mit der Kombination der Ramanspektroskopie und elektrischen Felder zeigten eine Erhöhung des Ramanseinfangsquerschnitt in endliche Bereich als die chemische SERS-Verstärkung von In bzw. Mg auf die Perylen-Derivativen PTCDA und DiMe-PTCDI. Nach den Ausschaltung des elektrisches Felds den Ramansignal des Pentacen-basierten OFET eine Relaxationsprozesse mit Zeitkonstant von ca. 94 min hat. Deshalb ist die Summe von Störstellensdichte wegen dieser am organische/anorganische Grenze plus dieser dass die elektrisches Felds am die organische Halbleiter induziert.

Pipeline steels that carry oil and natural gas in severe environments suffer from two important modes of failure: stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The SCC has been studied extensively in the literature; however, HIC phenomenon in pipeline steels is less investigated by researchers. Nevertheless, HIC is recognized as the most important damage mode in sour environment. Hydrogen atoms produced due to surface corrosion of the steel diffuse into it through microstructural defects. When a critical amount of hydrogen is accumulated in such defects, HIC cracks initiate and propagate. The main objectives of this thesis are to find the HIC crack nucleation and propagation sites, evaluate a role of texture and grain boundary character distribution in crack growth and finally establish the effect of different microstructural parameters contributing to the HIC related failure in pipeline steel. In this thesis, HIC standard test and electrochemical hydrogen-charging experiments were used to induce HIC cracks in pipeline steels. HIC cracks at the cross section of tested samples were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM observations clearly indicate that the investigated X60 and X70 steels are susceptible to HIC while the X60SS steel showed a higher resistance to HIC. This experiment also proved that the X70 steel has higher susceptibility to HIC than the other investigated steel. Energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analyses indicated that two types of inclusion namely manganese sulfide and carbonitiride precipitates serve as crack nucleation sites. HIC cracks were observed to propagate at the center of cross section where the segregation of some elements such as carbon and manganese occurred. Moreover, two other experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the capability of pipeline steels for hydrogen-trapping. The first test, hydrogen-permeation experiment, showed that all pipeline steel specimens, such as X70, X60 and X60SS steels, contain both reversible and irreversible hydrogen traps. However, the density of traps at the center of cross section was higher than other regions in all tested specimens. The hydrogen-discharging experiments also showed that all specimens keep a considerable amount of hydrogen inside their traps. The hydrogen traps, based on their binding energy with the metal matrix, are categorized as reversible (weak) and irreversible (strong) traps and the roles of each type of traps are explained. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements were done along the HIC crack in X70 steel after standard HIC test. The results showed that the {100} texture was strong while the {111} texture was weak. Some special texture components, such as the {110}, {332} and {112}, were observed after the HIC crack-stoppage. EBSD results also documented that fine grain colonies were prone to intergranular HIC crack propagation and IPF and PF, calculated in both sides of HIC cracks, showed the preferences of ND||<100> orientation. Both susceptible X60 and non-susceptible X60SS steel to HIC were compared based on the EBSD results. It was observed that the high amount of recrystallization fraction with no stored energy is one of the main reasons for a higher HIC resistance of X60SS steel to HIC. Moreover, Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) data showed that the deformation is more concentrated in the as-received and HIC tested X60 specimens. The effect of hydrogen-charging during tensile/fatigue loading of X60SS steel was studied and it was observed that some HIC cracks at the cross section of X60SS steel were appeared after hydrogen-charging at stresses below the yield stress. Experiments were carried out to understand the effect of cold-rolling and annealing on HIC susceptibility in pipeline steels. The results documented that the {100} dominant texture is more pronounced in 50% and 90% cold-rolled and annealed specimens. The effect of different factors such as KAM degree and recrystallized fraction affecting HIC susceptibility on cold-rolled and annealed specimens was investigated. The obtained results showed that the cold-rolling and annealing process may not be considered as an effective method to increase HIC resistance in pipeline steels.

No description available.

The reason for this story was to investigate a narrative that is important to the identity of North America’s Pacific Northwest Coast – a narrative that revolves around wild salmon, a narrative that always seemed too simple to me, a narrative that gives salmon a mythical status, and yet what does the average person know about this fish other than it floods grocery stores in fall and tastes good. How do we know this fish that supposedly defines the natural world of this place? I began my research as a science writer, inspired by John Steinbeck’s The Log from the Sea of Cortez, in which he writes that the best way to achieve reality is by combining narrative with scientific data. So I went looking for a different story from the one most people read about in popular media, a story that’s overwhelmingly about conflict: I searched for a narrative that combines the science of what we know about salmon and a story of the scientists who study the fish, either directly or indirectly. I tried to follow Steinbeck’s example and include the narrative journeys we take in understanding the world around us, the journeys that rarely make it into scientific journals. I went on about eight field trips with biology, ecology, and archaeology lab teams from the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship the W.E. Ricker, and an archaeological crew from the Laich-Kwil-Tach Treaty Society in Campbell River, B.C. At the same time, I was reading a number of things, including a 1938 dissertation by anthropologist Homer Barnett from the University of Oregon titled The Nature and Function of the Potlatch, a 2011 book by economist Ronald Trosper at the University of Arizona, Resilience, Reciprocity and Ecological Economics, and works by psychologist Douglas Medin at Northwestern University and anthropologist Scott Atran at the University of Michigan, written over the past two decades, particular paying attention to their writings on taxonomy and folkbiology. My conclusions surprised me, a little. / Graduate / 0329 / 0324 / 0391

The reason for this story was to investigate a narrative that is important to the identity of North America’s Pacific Northwest Coast – a narrative that revolves around wild salmon, a narrative that always seemed too simple to me, a narrative that gives salmon a mythical status, and yet what does the average person know about this fish other than it floods grocery stores in fall and tastes good. How do we know this fish that supposedly defines the natural world of this place? I began my research as a science writer, inspired by John Steinbeck’s The Log from the Sea of Cortez, in which he writes that the best way to achieve reality is by combining narrative with scientific data. So I went looking for a different story from the one most people read about in popular media, a story that’s overwhelmingly about conflict: I searched for a narrative that combines the science of what we know about salmon and a story of the scientists who study the fish, either directly or indirectly. I tried to follow Steinbeck’s example and include the narrative journeys we take in understanding the world around us, the journeys that rarely make it into scientific journals. I went on about eight field trips with biology, ecology, and archaeology lab teams from the University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship the W.E. Ricker, and an archaeological crew from the Laich-Kwil-Tach Treaty Society in Campbell River, B.C. At the same time, I was reading a number of things, including a 1938 dissertation by anthropologist Homer Barnett from the University of Oregon titled The Nature and Function of the Potlatch, a 2011 book by economist Ronald Trosper at the University of Arizona, Resilience, Reciprocity and Ecological Economics, and works by psychologist Douglas Medin at Northwestern University and anthropologist Scott Atran at the University of Michigan, written over the past two decades, particular paying attention to their writings on taxonomy and folkbiology. My conclusions surprised me, a little. / Graduate / 0329 / 0324 / 0391

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T17:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / Não recebi financiamento / Megastigmus transvaalensis is an exotic wasp that attacks Brazilian pepper tree drupes Schinus terebinthifolius in native forests and areas of restoration and ecological restoration in Brazil. The parasitism begins with the oviposition M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius where the larvae hatch and remain internally feeding of nutrients and tissue, affecting germination. The aim of this work was to study the effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity in the population dynamics of M. transvaalensis and determine the parasitism rate and sex ratio of this wasp in drupes S. terebinthifolius. The study was performed with yellow sticky traps and collection of S. terebinthifolius drupes in seasonal semideciduous forest during August 2014 to September 2015, in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The capture of insects through the sticky traps proved satisfactory, and thus can be applied to the monitoring of small Hymenopteros. Populations of M. transvaalensis were negatively correlated with the maximum temperature and population peak in the fall of 2015, meaning that when the maximum temperature has reduced, there is a higher incidence of insect field. The parasitism rate of S. terebinthifolius drupes ranged from zero to 36.34% during this period, making this value an aggravating factor for the emergence of new individuals, since this phytophagous wasp has the potential to be spread throughout Brazil and It poses a threat to the natural regeneration of S. terebinthifolius. The sex ratio of M. transvaalensis was 0.42 and 0.08 in the laboratory field. The bio-ecology and the damage caused by M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius warrant further studies to integrated management / Megastigmus transvaalensis é uma vespa exótica que ataca drupas de aroeira-pimenteira Schinus terebinthifolius em florestas nativas e em áreas de recomposição e restauração ecológica no Brasil. O parasitismo inicia com a oviposição de M. transvaalensis nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius, onde as larvas internamente eclodem e permanecem alimentando-se dos nutrientes e tecidos, prejudicando a germinação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o efeito da temperatura, precipitação e umidade na flutuação populacional de M. transvaalensis e determinar o índice de parasitismo e razão sexual dessa vespa nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius. O estudo foi realizado com armadilhas adesivas amarelas e coleta de drupas de S. terebinthifolius em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, durante agosto de 2014 a setembro de 2015, na região de Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil. A captura dos insetos através das armadilhas adesivas se mostrou satisfatória, podendo assim ser aplicada para o monitoramento de pequenos Hymenopteros. As populações de M. transvaalensis apresentaram correlação negativa com a temperatura máxima e pico populacional no outono de 2015, significando que, quando a temperatura máxima apresenta redução, há maior incidência do inseto em campo. O índice de parasitismo das drupas de S. terebinthifolius variou de zero a 36,34% no período avaliado, tornando este valor um agravante para o surgimento de novos indivíduos, uma vez que, essa vespa fitófaga tem potencial de ser disseminado por todo Brasil e representa ameaça para a regeneração natural de S. terebinthifolius. A razão sexual de M. transvaalensis foi de 0,42 no laboratório e 0,08 em campo. A bioecologia e os danos causados por M. transvaalensis em drupas de S. terebinthifolius justificam mais estudos visando o manejo integrado dessa vespa fitófaga.

No description available.

Measuring the diversity of bees was provided in two rapeseed fields (Dešenice, Miletice) in western Bohemia, where various species of bees were caught at eight different locations during two periods (March - April, May June). The bees were collected by using Moerickeho cups (yellow traps) with a concentrated solution of water and detergent.

This thesis is focused on the importance of large herbivore pasture for arthropod communities in temperate steppe. The study site was located in former military training area Milovice, regional biodiversity hotspot, where wild horses and aurochs were introduced as an active measure aimed at biodiversity conservation. Main goals of proposed study were to assess the role of vegetation structure and presence of grazing on beetle species composition in two trap heights, to examine suitability of flight intercept traps for monitoring arthropods of open habitats, to set the continuous arthropod monitoring program on the site and to propose a suitable model groups to assess habitat changes.