La recherche comporte deux aspects principaux. Premièrement, la thèse analyse une solution réaliste au problème des universaux datant du début du XIIe siècle et que l’on nomme ici ‘théorie de l’indiuiduum’ (= ThI; aussi connue sous les noms de ‘théorie de l’indifférence’, ‘théorie du status’, ‘deuxième théorie de la collectio’ etc.). Selon ThI, l’universel est l’individu lui-même dans l’un de ses status. ThI utilise en outre des éléments abélardiens pour une solution tout à fait opposée à celle d’Abélard. ThI est ici étudiée dans le cadre d’une analyse des solutions réalistes au problème des universaux présentées par cinq sources : la Logica ‘Ingredientibus’ d’Abélard, la Logica ‘Nostrorum’, le ‘De generibus et speciebus’ (qu’on cite à partir d’une transcription directe du ms. Orléans, BM, 266, pp. 154b-163a), le traité ‘Quoniam de generali’ et le commentaire inédit ‘P17’ à l’Isagoge du ms. Paris, BnF, lat. 3237, ff. 123ra–124va et 125ra–130rb. Cette recherche prend en compte non seulement ThI, mais aussi les autres théories réalistes (la théorie de l’essence matérielle, une variante de celle-ci, la théorie de la collectio et une troisième solution réaliste de la ‘Nostrorum’) qui sont décrites avec ThI, ainsi que les 78 arguments contre le réalisme cités par les textes, ici catalogués et analysés en détail. Deuxièmement, la thèse examine la question de l’attribution de ThI à Gauthier de Mortagne, qui fut maître à Reims et à Laon dans les premières décennies du siècle et dont la vie et les œuvres font ici l’objet d’une présentation. L’attribution se fonde sur le témoignage du Metalogicon (II, 17) de Jean de Salisbury qu’il convient de comparer aux données du Policraticus. / This research project has two main objectives. First, its aim is to study a realist solution to the problem of universals from the early 12th century. This is called the indiuiduum-theory (=IndT; previous denominations include: indifference-theory, status-theory, second collectio-theory, etc.). IndT claims the universal to be a thing (res); in fact, it claims the universal to be the individual thing itself in one of its states (status). It makes use of some key notions of Abelard’s philosophy to produce a remarkably non-Abelardian sort of solution. The thesis subjects IndT to scrutiny by taking into consideration five main sources (which either describe IndT in order to criticise it, or in order to support it): Abelard’s Logica ‘Ingredientibus’, Logica ‘Nostrorum’, ‘De generibus et speciebus’ (transcribed directly from ms. Orléans, BM, 266, pp. 154b-163a), ‘Quoniam de generali’ and the Isagoge Commentary ‘P17’ (from ms. Paris, BnF, lat. 3237, ff. 123ra–124va, 125ra–130rb). Not only IndT, but the whole description of realism found in these texts is investigated. This includes an analysis of other realist views (different versions of material essence realism; the collectio-theory; a third realist solution in the Logica ‘Nostrorum’) together with a catalogue and detailed analysis of the 78 arguments presented against such realist views to be found in the five sources. A second aim of this work is to investigate whether IndT can be attributed to Walter of Mortagne, who was a master in Reims and Laon in the first decades of the 12th century. The attribution, which is based on John of Salisbury’s testimony in Metalogicon II, 17, is to be compared with John’s Policraticus.

Στην παρούσα εργασία, διερευνούμε τη σχέση μεταξύ κλίσης και παραγωγής και διατυπώνουμε επιχειρήματα υπέρ της θεώρησης της κλίσης ως μορφολογικής διαδικασίας που διέπεται από τις ίδιες αρχές και τους ίδιους κανόνες την παραγωγή. Για να στηρίξουμε τη θέση μας, εξετάζουμε την εμφάνιση της εσωτερικής αύξησης στους προθηματοποιημένους ρηματικούς τύπους της ΚΝΕ και διαπιστώνουμε ότι το καθολικό του Greenberg που ορίζει ότι η πλίση εμφανίζεται πιο περιφερειακά από την παραγωγή δεν αποτελεί απαραβίαστη αρχή. / In this thesis we discuss the main theoretical problem of the relation between Inflection and Derivation. Every approach to such a topic entails taking a position in the current theoretical debate about the issue if there is a sharp boundary between the two categories. We adopt the idea there is a cline from derivation to inflection rather than a clear-cut dichotomy between the two. In this view, interactions between Derivation and Inflection show that Inflection may feed Derivation. Central to the discussion are Modern Greek prefixed verbs with internal augment but also other European languages that is to say Germanic Languages, Romance Languages and some Modern Greek dialects.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 1978. / Bibliography: p. 258-273.

Our goal in this discussion is to map out a scientifically legitimate and practical path towardinternationalizing the social psychology curriculum. Toward developing an appropriate con- ceptual framework, we distinguish between the study of two different types of performance: performance capacity, how well isolated individuals can perform tasks as determined by their physical characteristics, and performance style, the way things are done through collab- orative meaning making. Whereas performance capacity can be explained causally, performance style is best explained through normative accounts. Social psychology has largely approached questions of performance style by applying a reductionist and causal framework. We highlight the alternative approach reflected in the cultural-narrative turn and identify sub-research areas that need to be strengthened in order to internationalize psychology. / La psicología es social: explorando universales en la capacidad y el estilo del desempeño Nuestro objetivo es proponer un camino científicamente legítimo y práctico hacia la internacionalización del currículo de la psicología social. Al desarrollar una estructura conceptual apropiada, distinguimos entre el estudio de dos tipos de desempeño: la capacidad de desempeño, es decir, cuán bien los individuos aislados pueden llevar a cabo tareas determinadas por sus características físicas, y el estilo de desempeño, es decir, el modo en que las cosas se realizan a partir de tener un significado colaborativo. Mientras que la capacidad de desempeño puede ser explicada causalmente, el estilo de desempeño es mejor explicado a través de justificaciones narrativas. La psicología social se ha aproximado principalmente a las cuestiones del estilo de desempeño aplicando una estructura reduccionista y causal. Destacamos el enfoque alternativo reflejado en el turno cultural-narrativo e identificamos subáreas de investigación que necesitan ser reforzadas para internacionalizar la psicología.

Title: Translated Czech and Its Characteristics Author: Mgr. Lucie Chlumská Department: Institute of the Czech National Corpus Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Václav Cvrček, Ph.D. Abstract: Despite the fact that translated literature accounts for more than one third of all written publications in the Czech Republic, Czech in translations has not yet been systematically analyzed from a quantitative point of view. The main objective of this corpus-based dissertation is to identify characteristic features of translated Czech com- pared to Czech in original, i.e. non-translated texts. The analysis was based on a large monolingual comparable corpus Jerome, created for the purposes of this study. It inclu- des both fiction and non-fiction texts and its design reflects the real Czech situation regarding the translations' source languages, i.e. translations from English prevail. The research was inspired by the theory of translation universals (typical linguistic featu- res common to any translated text) and focused mainly on simplification, convergence and general frequency characteristics, including parts-of-speech distribution and n-gram analysis. The findings have supported the hypothesis that translated Czech, as reflected in the Jerome corpus, is different from the non-translated Czech in terms of higher degree of...

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-12T19:37:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação-Karime Chaibue-2013.pdf: 3935109 bytes, checksum: a2c033dafd41bae3cefd7f2936d911b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-12-16T09:24:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação-Karime Chaibue-2013.pdf: 3935109 bytes, checksum: a2c033dafd41bae3cefd7f2936d911b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-16T09:24:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação-Karime Chaibue-2013.pdf: 3935109 bytes, checksum: a2c033dafd41bae3cefd7f2936d911b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work consists of a descriptive analysis of the Brazilian sign language (Libras) under the theoretical perspectives of functional, cognitive and typological linguistics, along with a discussion on a linguistic universal that has been considered by Greenberg (1966) as an absolute – a feature shared by all languages around the world – namely, that “all the languages make a distinction between Noun and Verb” (GREENBERG, 1966). The main goal of the research is to confront the analysis of libras with the existing typological findings on this so-called absolute universal, in order to investigate the degree to which such universal can be easily applicable to sign languages (SL) as well, or whether the SL data can interfere with the “absolute universal” status of the distinction between the lexical categories Noun and Verb. The research is a qualitative report on a case study based on linguistic data. The participants of the research were five deaf adults fluent in Libras, from different parts of Brazil. The database for the research consisted of free narratives in Libras on varied themes, recorded in video, plus a sociolinguistic questionnaire. The theoretical framework adopted for the analysis includes cognitive, functional and typological studies on the categories Noun and Verb in oral languages (OL), such as Givón (2001), Schachter and Shopen (2007), Langacker (1997,2008), Praça (2007); and in SL, mainly, Quadros and Karnopp (2004), Salles et al. (2007), Zeshan (2002), Pizzio (2011), Lima (2012). The analysis of the data has demonstrated an inconsistency with regard to the parameter Movement as the distinctive element for the establishment of Noun and Verb as lexical categories in Libras. It has also shown that certain criteria considered distinctive for such categories in OL are not necessarily adequate for an analysis of SL data, and that such inadequacy may be related to the specificities of each language modality. The present work hopes to contribute for a broader understanding on the cognitive and functional factors involved in the categorization of Nouns and Verbs in the languages of the world, both Oral and Signed. / O presente trabalho é composto de uma análise descritiva da língua de sinais brasileira (libras), sob as perspectivas teóricas da linguística funcional, cognitiva e da tipologia linguística. O objetivo da pesquisa é o de discutir sobre um universal linguístico considerado absoluto por Greenberg (1966) - um traço compartilhado por todas as línguas do mundo. O universal em questão é “todas as línguas fazem distinção entre Nome e Verbo” (GREENBERG, 1966). Pretende-se, mediante a análise de dados da libras, confrontar os estudos tipológicos existentes sobre universais linguísticos absolutos, investigar a aplicabilidade de universais linguísticos às línguas de sinais (LS) e apontar como os dados da libras podem interferir no status de “absoluto” do universal linguístico sobre a distinção entre Nome e Verbo. Esta pesquisa apresenta as características de uma pesquisa qualitativa e do estudo de caso como método de coletas de dados. Os participantes da pesquisa foram cinco surdos adultos de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Os instrumentos da pesquisa foram narrativas livres enunciadas em libras, de temas variados, registradas em vídeos, e um questionário sociolinguístico. A análise de dados considera alguns estudos realizados sobre as categorias Nome e Verbo em línguas orais (LO): Givón (2001), Schachter e Shopen (2007), Langacker (1997, 2008), Praça (2007); e em LS: Quadros e Karnopp (2004), Salles et al. (2007), Zeshan (2002), Pizzio (2011), Lima (2012). Percebe-se em nosso corpus uma inconsistência do parâmetro movimento como elemento distintivo das categorias Nome e Verbo na libras, certas inaplicabilidades de alguns critérios distintivos nas LO para tais categorias nas LS, e a necessidade de considerar vários tipos de critérios e a especificidade da modalidade na análise de dados da libras. A contribuição desta pesquisa é a discussão de um universal considerado absoluto, apontando para a possibilidade de se entender as categorias Nome e Verbo sob uma visão mais ampla e contextualizada.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as características da tradução intralingual (JAKOBSON, 1960), mais conhecida como adaptação (MILOU, 1973), da obra Maigret tend un piège, de Georges Simenon (1955). A análise, que busca a ocorrência dos universais da tradução (BAKER, 1998) simplificação, normalização, explicitação , foi feita pela observação de dados obtidos com as ferramentas da linguística de corpus, em especial o programa WordSmith Tools®. Além da adaptação, a versão original e a tradução para o português brasileiro (ALMEIDA, 1966) compõem o corpus de estudo da pesquisa, que conta ainda com dois corpora de referência, um em francês e outro em português, utilizados para obter as palavras-chave dos textos em estudo. A obra integral foi comparada à tradução interlinguística e à tradução intralinguística, e o resultado aponta para características comuns entre as duas formas de tradução e características peculiares da adaptação. / The main purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of intralingual translation (JAKOBSON, 1960), widely known as adaptation (MILOU, 1973), extracted from the book Maigret tend un piège written by Georges Simenon (1955).The research, which aim is to verify the occurrences of universals of translation: simplification, normalization and explicitation (BAKER, 1998) is based on the data that have been provided through the use of several corpus linguistic tools in special the WordSmith Tools®. In addition to adaptation, the original version and the translation into Brazilian Portuguese (ALMEIDA, 1966) constitute the corpus of this research that still includes two reference corpora one in French and the other one in Portuguese. Both were used to achieve the keywords of the texts under investigation. The original work was compared to the intralingual and interlingual translation. The results indicate that there are similarities between the two forms of translation and common characteristics of adaptation.

This study describes the English verb ’consider’ and the characteristics of some of its senses. An investigation of this kind may be useful, since a machine translation program, SYSTRAN, has invariably translated ’consider’ with the Swedish verbs ’betrakta’ (Eng: ’view’, regard’) and ’anse’ (Eng: ’regard’). This handling of ’consider’ is not satisfactory in all contexts. Since ’consider’ is a cogitative verb, it is fascinating to observe that both the theory of semantic primes and universals and conceptual semantics are concerned with cogitation in various ways. Anna Wierzbicka, who is one of the advocates of semantic primes and universals, argues that THINK should be considered as a semantic prime. Moreover, one of the prime issues of conceptual semantics is to describe how thoughts are constructed by virtue of e.g. linguistic components, perception and experience. In order to define and clarify the distinctions between the different senses, we have taken advantage of the theory of mental spaces. This thesis has been structured in accordance with the meanings that have been indicated in WordNet as to ’consider’. As a consequence, the senses that ’consider’ represents have been organized to form the subsequent groups: ’Observation’, ’Opinion’ together with its sub-group ’Likelihood’ and ’Cogitation’ followed by its sub-group ’Attention/Consideration’. A concordance tool, http://www.nla.se/culler, provided us with 90 literary quotations that were collected in a corpus. Afterwards, these citations were distributed between the groups mentioned above and translated into Swedish by SYSTRAN. Furthermore, the meanings as to ’consider’ have also been related to the senses, recorded by the FrameNet scholars. Here, ’consider’ is regarded as a verb of ’Cogitation’ and ’Categorization’. When this study was accomplished, it could be inferred that certain senses are connected to specific syntactic constructions. In other cases, however, the distinctions between various meanings can only be explained by virtue of semantics. To conclude, it appears to be likely that an implementation is facilitated if a specific syntactic construction can be tied to a particular sense. This may be the case concerning some meanings of ’consider’. Machine translation is presumably a much more laborious task, if one is solely governed by semantic conditions.

Les duels de rap sont souvent définis dans la littérature sociologique comme étant des échanges d’insultes ou des joutes verbales improvisées. Ces définitions risquent de biaiser la compréhension du phénomène, puisque les chercheurs auront tendance à ne relever que les aspects qui vont dans le sens des définitions choisies au début de l’analyse qui, en plus, sont très réductrices et contextuelles. En adoptant une perspective évolutionnaire, il est possible d’ancrer l’analyse dans un cadre plus large, car basé sur des tendances motivationnelles universelles, pouvant servir comme un point de départ objectif à l’analyse. En ce sens les duels de rap peuvent être considérés comme des concours de compétences pour un statut conféré par le public (hypothèse de départ) où les participants tentent de surpasser leurs adversaires (hypothèse 1), tentent de conquérir le public (hypothèse 2), et reçoivent certains bénéfices en liens avec le statut grâce à leurs performances (hypothèse 3). Ces trois hypothèses évolutionnaires ont été confirmées par un examen systématique de cinq duels selon une grille d’analyse standardisée comportant 14 critères d’observations. Ces critères, regroupés en neuf prédictions, représentent les aspects variables et contextuels des duels de rap, tels que les niveaux et fréquences de dominance physique démontrés par chaque participant, d’interactions avec le public, de vers où ils se vantent et/ou rabaissent leur adversaire, de démonstrations des capacités artistiques, d’humour, et, pour le public, les niveaux d’acclamations des participants et les votes pour élire un vainqueur ou encore pour établir une hiérarchie entre les participants. L’utilisation d’un cadre évolutionnaire a donc permis d’intégrer les aspects motivationnels universels et les aspects variables contextuels dans l’étude des duels de rap, offrant ainsi une vision plus complète et nuancée du phénomène. De plus, le modèle présenté permet de s’interroger sur les liens entre les performances de chaque participant, l’appréciation relative qu’elles suscitent et le statut qui est attribué aux participants par le public. / Rap duels have been often described as exchanges of insults, or as freestyle competitions in the sociological literature. These definitions are not only highly reductionist and contextual, but they can also influence researchers to adopt a stereotypical image of what rap duels should look like, and only record the aspects that fit this image. By adopting an evolutionary perspective, it is possible to set the study in a larger framework which considers the universal motivational tendencies underlying social behavior in this context, and thus give a more objective starting point in the study of rap duels. With an evolutionary perspective, rap duels can be studied as a form of competition where participants display their competences in order to get status conferred by the public (initial hypothesis); where participants try to surpass their opponents (hypothesis 1); try to conquer the public (hypothesis 2); and improve their relative status in return for their performances (hypothesis 3). These three hypotheses were confirmed by the systematic examination of five duels, using a standardised analysis grid composed of 14 criteria. These criteria, forming together a set of nine predictions, describe the variable and contextual aspects of rap duels: 1) levels of physical dominance displayed by each participant; 2) levels of interaction with the public; 3) proportions of verses where they boast and/or demean their opponents; 4) the content of those verses; 5) levels of demonstrated artistic skills in rap; 6) humour; and, in terms of the public reactions, 7) the levels of acclamations and, 8) votes to elect a winner; and 9) votes to establish a hierarchical status between the participants. Applying this methodology, we see that using an evolutionary framework allows the integration of the universal motivational aspects and the more contextual and variable aspects of rap duels, and thus offering a more complete and nuanced vision of the phenomenon. Furthermore, this model proposes methods of quantifying links between the performances of each participant, the relative appreciation which they arouse in the public and the status which is attributed to the participants by the public.

Mit Versprechungen von teils enormen Produktivitätssteigerungen bei mindestens gleicher Qualität im Vergleich zu Humanübersetzungen hat Post-Editing über die Jahre zunehmend an Relevanz gewonnen und ist heute aus der Übersetzungslandschaft nicht mehr wegzudenken. Neben zahllosen Qualitäts- und Produktivitätsstudien gab es vereinzelt Bemühungen, mögliche linguistische Unterschiede zwischen posteditierten und humanübersetzten Texten („Post-Editese“ nach Daems et al 2017) zu untersuchen. So stellte Toral (2019) fest, dass posteditierte Texte bestimmte Merkmale übersetzter Texte („Translationese“ nach Gellerstam, 1986), nicht nur aufweisen, sondern dass diese signifikant häufiger in posteditierten Texten vorzufinden seien. Insofern sei Post-Editese eine verschärfte Form der Translationese. Allerdings hat das Forschungsfeld der Post-Editese vergleichsweise wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfahren und in den meisten Korpusanalysen wurden Zeitungsartikel oder Texte aus dem Bereich general language untersucht, obwohl sich ein Großteil des Übersetzungsbedarfs im Bereich der Fachtexte und Language for Specific Purposes verorten lässt. Um dieses Desiderat zu bearbeiten, wird an die Vorarbeit von Toral angeknüpft und anhand eines Fachtextkorpus untersucht, ob sich seine These für die Translationese-Merkmale Simplification und Interference anhand von Ausschnitten aus technischen und medizinischen Fachtexten und den dazugehörigen Übersetzungen bestätigen lässt. Das Korpus besteht aus 75 Korpustexten des Sprachenpaars Englisch-Deutsch, darunter 6 Ausgangstexte und 69 Übersetzungen der Modi MÜ, LPE, FPE und HÜ. Die Methodik von Toral (2019) und Lapshinova-Koltunski (2013) wird in adaptierter Form und unter Zuhilfenahme der Sprachanalyse-Software Sketch Engine angewendet. Simplification soll anhand der lexikalischen Dichte und lexikalischen Diversität (Type-Token-Ratio, TTR) nachgewiesen werden. Das Verhältnis Nominalität/Verbalität und das Satzlängenverhältnis zwischen AT und ZT werden zum Nachweis von Interference herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse lassen weder zu Simplification noch zu Interference eindeutige Schlüsse zu: Während der TTR in posteditierten Texten wie erwartet geringer ist als in humanübersetzten Texten, d. h. die posteditierten Texte weniger lexikalisch divers sind als die humanübersetzten, ist die lexikalische Dichte in den posteditierten Texten entgegen der Hypothese höher als in den humanübersetzten Texten. Die Satzlängenverhältnisse zwischen AT und ZT sind in den posteditierten Texten tatsächlich ähnlicher als bei den Humanübersetzungen, was entsprechend der aufgestellten Hypothese auf mehr Interference des AT in den posteditierten Texten hindeutet. Die Ergebnisse zu den Verhältnissen von Nominalität/Verbalität jedoch konnten aufgrund von mutmaßlichen Verzerrungen durch Sprachsystemunterschiede im Bereich der Kompositabildung nicht sinnvoll ausgewertet werden. Durch die geringe Korpusgröße und die geringe Länge der Korpustexte wirken sich bereits einzelne idiosynkratische Entscheidungen auf Einzeltextebene, etwa bei der Satzsegmentierung oder bei der Terminologie, stark auf das Gesamtergebnis aus. Insofern zeigt sich, dass Besonderheiten auf Einzeltextebene in künftigen quantitativen Korpusanalysen, insbesondere in solchen mit größeren Korpora, stärker berücksichtigt werden sollten. Torals These, Post-Editese sei eine verschärfte Form der Translationese, konnte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit folglich nicht eindeutig bestätigt werden.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Herleitung 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Hintergrund 2.1 Post-Editing 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Arten von Post-Editing 2.1.3 Produktivitäts- und Kostenvorteile 2.1.4 Qualitätsanalysen 2.1.5 Einflussfaktoren auf die Qualität des MÜ-Outputs 2.1.6 Präferenz- und Akzeptanzstudien 2.1.7 Einstellungen von Übersetzern, Sprachdienstleistern und Kunden 2.1.8 Weitere Forschungsrichtungen 2.2 Translationese 2.2.1 Definition 2.2.2 Übersetzungsuniversalien nach Baker 2.2.3 Interference nach Toury bzw. Teich 2.2.4 Forschungsstand 2.2.5 Neuere Forschungsrichtungen 2.3 Post-Editese 2.3.1 Definition 2.3.2 Forschungsstand 2.4 Zwischenfazit und Forschungsdesiderat 3 Daten und Methoden 3.1 Korpus 3.1.1 Beschreibung der Korpustexte 3.1.2 Erstellung des Korpus 3.1.3 Begründung der Auswahl des Korpus 3.1.4 Aufbereitung der Korpustexte für die maschinelle Auswertung 3.2 Analysemethoden 3.2.1 Simplification 3.2.2 Interference 4 Ergebnisse der eigenen Korpusanalyse und Einordnung der Ergebnisse 4.1 Simplification 4.1.1 Lexikalische Diversität 4.1.2 Lexikalische Dichte 4.1.3 Einordnung der Ergebnisse zu Simplification 4.2 Interference 4.2.1 Verhältnis der Verhältnisse von nominalen und verbalen Wortarten zwischen AT und ZT 4.2.2 Verhältnis der Satzlängen zwischen AT und ZT 4.2.3 Einordnung der Ergebnisse zu Interference 5 Diskussion 6 Fazit und Ausblick 7 Literaturverzeichnis / Promising moderate to sharp increases in productivity while achieving quality that is at least on par with human translation, post-editing has increasingly gained in importance in recent years and has become an integral part of the translation landscape. Aside from countless studies on productivity and quality, there have been isolated efforts to examine possible linguistic differences between postedited texts and human translations (“post-editese” according to Daems et al, 2017). Toral (2019) observed that postedited texts not only exhibit certain characteristics of translated texts (“translationese” according to Gellerstam, 1986), but that they exhibit them to a significantly higher degree compared with human translations. This prompted Toral to describe post-editese as an “exacerbated translationese”. However, research into post-editese has received relatively little attention and most corpus studies have focused on newspaper articles or so-called general language, despite the fact that most of professional translation takes place in the domain of Language for Specific Purposes. In order to address this desideratum, this work builds on Toral’s research. A corpus of technical texts is used to examine whether his thesis can be confirmed for simplification and interference, two well-known translationese characteristics, when relying on text excerpts from the technical and medical domain and their corresponding translations. The corpus consists of 75 texts in total, made up of 6 English source texts and 69 corresponding German translations produced via MT, LPE, FPE and HT. The analysis relies on an adapted form of Toral’s (2019) and Lapshinova-Koltunski’s (2013) methods and makes use of the text analysis software Sketch Engine. The parameters lexical density and lexical variety (type-token ratio, TTR) are used to identify simplification, whereas the nominality/verbality ratio and sentence length ratio between source and target text are interpreted as evidence for interference. The results are inconclusive for both simplification and interference. While the TTR is, as per the hypothesis, lower in the postedited texts, i. e. while the postedited texts are less lexically varied compared with the human translations, the lexical density of the postedited texts is higher than that of the human translations, which contradicts the hypothesis. The sentence length ratios between source and target texts are more similar in the postedited texts compared with human translations, confirming the hypothesis that postedited texts show more interference from their source text. The results for the nominality/verbality ratio, however, could not be interpreted in any meaningful way, as distortions due to differences in the language systems with respect to compounding likely play a role. Given the small corpus size and the short length of the corpus texts, even isolated, idiosyncratic decisions at the individual text level, e.g. in regards to sentence segmentation and terminology seem to have a major impact on the total result. This shows that peculiarities at the individual text level need to be considered more carefully in future quantitative corpus studies, in particular when dealing with larger corpora. Consequently, Toral’s thesis of post-editese being an exacerbated form of translationese could not definitively be confirmed within this work.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Herleitung 1.2 Ziel der Arbeit 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Hintergrund 2.1 Post-Editing 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Arten von Post-Editing 2.1.3 Produktivitäts- und Kostenvorteile 2.1.4 Qualitätsanalysen 2.1.5 Einflussfaktoren auf die Qualität des MÜ-Outputs 2.1.6 Präferenz- und Akzeptanzstudien 2.1.7 Einstellungen von Übersetzern, Sprachdienstleistern und Kunden 2.1.8 Weitere Forschungsrichtungen 2.2 Translationese 2.2.1 Definition 2.2.2 Übersetzungsuniversalien nach Baker 2.2.3 Interference nach Toury bzw. Teich 2.2.4 Forschungsstand 2.2.5 Neuere Forschungsrichtungen 2.3 Post-Editese 2.3.1 Definition 2.3.2 Forschungsstand 2.4 Zwischenfazit und Forschungsdesiderat 3 Daten und Methoden 3.1 Korpus 3.1.1 Beschreibung der Korpustexte 3.1.2 Erstellung des Korpus 3.1.3 Begründung der Auswahl des Korpus 3.1.4 Aufbereitung der Korpustexte für die maschinelle Auswertung 3.2 Analysemethoden 3.2.1 Simplification 3.2.2 Interference 4 Ergebnisse der eigenen Korpusanalyse und Einordnung der Ergebnisse 4.1 Simplification 4.1.1 Lexikalische Diversität 4.1.2 Lexikalische Dichte 4.1.3 Einordnung der Ergebnisse zu Simplification 4.2 Interference 4.2.1 Verhältnis der Verhältnisse von nominalen und verbalen Wortarten zwischen AT und ZT 4.2.2 Verhältnis der Satzlängen zwischen AT und ZT 4.2.3 Einordnung der Ergebnisse zu Interference 5 Diskussion 6 Fazit und Ausblick 7 Literaturverzeichnis