Min studie undersöker en nyligen införd en-till-en-satsning i en svensk gymnasieskola, med tonvikt på upplevda utmaningar och möjligheter, liksom förhoppningar inför framtiden. Den metod jag valt är kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare, var och en slumpmässigt vald från varje utbildningsprogram skolan erbjuder. Studiens primära resultat är att lärarna verkar nöjda med satsningen, och tror den kommer att leda till stora fördelar i framtiden. De tror den kommer att leda till mer effektiva lektioner. Det finns dock en farhåga att vissa elever inte kommer att klara av att motstå frestelsen att använda sitt nya verktyg som en slags digital distraktion, och att de kommer att hamna efter som ett resultat av detta. Det finns också reservationer gällande vissa delar av implementationen. Informanterna hade gärna sett tidiga utbildningsinsatser för att lyfta alla lärare till en nivå där de hade kunnat utnyttja det nya systemet fullt ut. De önskar också att alla hårdvarukomponenter hade fungerat som de ska redan från början. Vissa viktiga delar har varit oanvändbara i nästan ett år. Dessa problem hade kunnat undvikas med bättre planering. Tidiga utbildningsinsatser, med tester av all nödvändig hårdvara, hade lett till en avsevärt bättre upplevelse för alla. / My study aspires to assess a recently implemented one-to-one computer initiative in a Swedish upper secondary school, with emphasis on perceived challenges and possibilities, as well as hopes for the future. The method chosen involves qualitative interviews with five teachers, randomly selected from each programme the school offers. The primary result of this study is that teachers seem satisfied with the initiative, and believe it will lead to great benefits in the future. They believe it will lead to more efficient lessons. There is a fear however, that some students will be unable to resist the temptation to use their new tool as a means of digital distraction, and that they will fall behind as a result. Also, there are reservations about parts of the implementation. The interviewees wish there had been early educational efforts to bring all teachers up to a level where they could use the system fully. They also wish all hardware components had worked as intended from the start. Some important parts have been unusable for almost a year. These problems could have been avoided with better planning. Early educational efforts, including testing of all necessary hardware, would have made for a substantially better experience for all.

Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva några elevers erfarenheter av att vara elev i gymnasiesärskolan och att lyfta fram deras berättelser. Med fokus på lärande, inflytande, delaktighet och tillhörighet.  Det är en studie som har sin grund i ett inifrånperspektiv som handlar om förståelse för elevers perspektiv. För att kunna förstå elevers perspektiv behövs tolkningar, tolkningar är den teoretiska ansatsen hermeneutikens grundsyn och därför fann jag hermeneutiken vara passande till min studie. Som metod för att kunna besvara mitt syfte har jag använt mig av livsvärldsintervjuer. Studiens resultat bygger på fyra elevintervjuer. Resultaten som framträdde var att eleverna var alla positiva till sin skola, de såg en skola där de fick känna gemenskap. De beskriver att meningen med att utbilda sig handlar om att lära sig något. Några har dessutom en tanke med att lärandet ska skapa bättre förutsättningar för dem i vuxen ålder. Resultatet visade också att eleverna är medvetna om sina behov, svårigheter och kunde relatera dem till olika situationer som de möter och har mött. Vad som också blev synligt i elevernas berättelser var att det förekom begränsad samverkan med gymnasiet. / The purpose of this study is to describe some pupils’ experiences of being a student in upper secondary schools forintellectual disabilities, and highlight their stories. The study has its focus on learning, influence, participation and belonging. It is a study with its base on an inside perspective; the understanding of the pupils' own perspective. In order to understand the pupils' perspective, you need interpretation. That are the theoretical approach to the basic view of the hermeneutic character, hence I found hermeneutics appropriate for my study. As a method to be able to find the answer of the purpose of the study, I have used the life-world interviews. The result of the study is based on the interviews of four pupils. The results that emerged was that all the pupils were positive about their school, they saw a school where were able to feel togetherness. They all describe that the purpose of education is about learning. Some also thought that learning could create better situations for them in adulthood. The results also showed that the pupils are aware of their needs and difficulties and can relate them to different situations they have faced and will face. What also became obvious in the pupils' stories was that there was limited interaction with high school.

In this examination project I look into what ways upper secondary school students conceive themselves as politically influenced before they voted for the general election of 2010. The purpose is to examine which influences the upper secondary school surroundings and the classes of civic education are contributing with to students before they voted. As a method, I have used personal, semi-structural interviews on eight upper secondary school students who all voted for a party represented in the parliament. I have asked questions about how they believe their parents, the surroundings of their school and the classes of civic education have influenced them. To separate which influences primarily the upper secondary school and the classes of civic educations have had on the students, I have selected two comparison groups of four students in each. One group contains only parent-influenced students whereas the other group contains only not parent-influenced students.   My findings show that the upper secondary school surroundings have played an important part to both student groups and the outcome may be theoretically generalized to all upper secondary school students studying natural science. The influences related to the classes of civic education have had a diversified outcome, mostly on not parent-influenced students. Therefore, this piece of result cannot be theoretically generalized to all natural science students. Not parent-influenced students also perceive themselves as more influenced by miscellaneous meaningful people, than do parent-influenced students.   I understand the results as students not concurring with their parents politically, are more inclined to chase their political identity among their peer friends and other meaningful people. They are also more open-minded in the teaching moments of political parties, also during the political debate throughout the civic education. Finally, I discuss how the results should be viewed by teachers in civic education and what role the upper secondary school continues to play, as a political socialization agent.

The purpose of my project is to determine how a multimodal/intermedial text can be used when teaching in upper secondary school. Can using a text that to some point is current in the pupils’ lives lift the interest for the specific subject? I opted to pick up Gunther Kress’ research, Diana Laurillard’s book and Christina Olin-Scheller’s work on the subject. I have used several hours of lesson planning and the lesson itself with subsequent work consisting, among other things, of three qualitative interviews to achieve my purpose. Based on a qualitative approach, I discuss the results, which show that it is in fact very uplifting. It is possible to work with multimodal/intermedial/intertextual texts, in many ways. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur en multimodal/intermedial text kan användas i undervisningen på gymnasienivå. Detta skall ske genom att utgå från elevernas perspektiv och referensramar, söka rätt på en aktuell text som finns i elevernas vardag och se om det blir intressant för eleverna att arbeta med en sådan text. Jag har valt att arbeta med Gunther Kress forskning, Diana Laurillards bok om ämnet och även Christina Olin-Schellers avhandling om ämnet, samt därutöver relevant och nödvändigt material för att vetenskapligt förankra begrepp och synpunkter.                       Jag har använt mig av en lektionsplanering, en utförd lektion samt tre kvalitativa intervjuer i efterarbetet av lektionen för att uppnå mitt syfte. Lektionen utspelade sig våren 2012 på en svensk gymnasieskola. Utifrån ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt diskuterar jag resultatet, vilket visar en mycket positiv respons på att hämta upp en multimodal/intermedial aktuell text från elevernas vardagsmiljö, och arbeta med denna i undervisningen.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to critically contextualise the organization of content in Swedish upper-secondary vocational education by highlighting its social and political implications in relation to social class. Policy documents concerning the content of vocational education in Sweden from 1971 to 2011 serve as the main empirical source, with particular attention given to the reform of 2011 (Gy11). The thesis is comprised of four studies that each represents a different context that reveals social and political implications of the selection and organisation of content in Gy11. The content structure of Gy11 is thus analysed in relation to (a) the school’s role of fostering democratic citizens and the overarching societal function of education, (b) knowledge distribution among social classes, (c) a class context, including key historical and contemporary reforms, and (d) a modern historical context, focusing on how two previous structural reforms (1971 and 1994) organised power and control over educational content. The study results show that, in terms of its content structure and underlying principles, Gy11 represents a historical break with previous reforms in many respects. Fundamental organising principles of past reforms, such as students’ preparation for active citizenship, critical thinking and entry to higher education, have been given less importance while the content is more context-bound than in previous reforms. The Gy11 reform can thus be seen as a part of a broader policy trend that is detracting from earlier efforts to give all social classes equal access to an equivalent education and reduce social imbalances in education. This new way of shaping vocational education is, it is argued, likely to exacerbate class inequalities by both reducing social mobility and rendering knowledge distribution in society more asymmetric.

The purpose of the studyfocuses onhow teachersatan uppersecondary school, studentsin the autismspectrum,describetheir experiencesof working withmappingtools, Nylander(2012).Inmy research questionsIstarted fromthe teachers’ descriptions of their experiences of mapping procedures, if the outcome ofthe mapping hasinfluenced theteachers'educational work and ifmappingcould contribute tothe visibilityandclarification of the student´s functioning in aschool context. As the study is based on five interviews in which teachers reflect on their experiences from the tool of mapping, the socio-cultural perspective where learning takes place through interaction with the environment became a framework to build from. The method has been interviews based on a qualitative research interview. By using interviews, I was able to capture the diversity of the interviewees’ experiences described from the basis of an interview guide. This process also allowed room for flexibility where the interviewees were given the opportunity to elaborate on their views and ideas. This flexibility added valuable aspects of the teachers' experiences of mapping.   In the analysis ofmy result, I found that mappingwas importantin situations wherethe student'scontextneeded tobe made visible.The teachersexplained that themappingtoolwasan aidin understandinglearning andmoodas well asin detecting recurringpatterns in learning and mood. Based onthis information,teachersoccasionallyandin limitedcontextshave been able toadjust their teaching. Italso emerged that thetool of mappinghad notchanged theteachers'way of educating, butrather been used as a complementtothe learning situation. / Studiens syfte fokuserar på hur pedagoger på en gymnasiesärskola, elever inom autismspektrat, beskriver sina erfarenheter av att arbeta med ett kartläggande verktyg, Nylander (2012). I mina frågeställningar har jag utgått ifrån hur pedagogerna beskriver sina erfarenheter av kartläggningens genomförande, om resultatet av kartläggningen påverkat pedagogernas arbete i undervisningen och om kartläggningen kan bidra till ett synliggörande och tydliggörande av elevens fungerande i dess skolsammanhang.   Då studien bygger på fem intervjuer där pedagoger reflekterar utifrån verktyget kartläggning blev det sociokulturella perspektivet, där lärandet sker i samspel med omgivningen, en grund att utgå ifrån. Metoden har varit intervjuer utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsintervju. Genom att använda intervjuer kunde jag fånga den mångfald som de intervjuade beskrev utifrån en färdig intervjuguide. I denna process gavs även utrymme för flexibilitet där de intervjuade erbjöds möjlighet att utveckla sina synpunkter och idéer. Denna flexibilitet adderade värdefulla aspekter av pedagogernas erfarenheter kring kartläggning.     I analysen av mitt resultat fann jag att kartläggningen hade betydelse i situationer där elevens sammanhang behövde synliggöras. Pedagogerna förklarade att verktyget kartläggning blev ett stöd till förståelse av lärande och mående samt upptäckten av återkommande mönster i dessa. Utifrån denna information har pedagogerna stundtals och i begränsade kontexter kunnat anpassa undervisningen. Här framkom även att verktyget inte hade förändrat pedagogernas sätt att undervisa, utan snarare blivit ett komplement i lärsituationen.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur några lärare på gymnasiesärskolans nationella program arbetar med bedömning av elevernas kunskapsutveckling samt hur dessa lärare arbetar för att eleverna ska kunna synliggöra sina kunskaper. Studien baseras på sju halvstrukturerade intervjuer med lärare som undervisar i svenska på gymnasiesärskolan.  Resultatet visar att lärarna använder sig av många olika metoder för att skaffa underlag för  kunskapsbedömning. Samtal, observationer och dokumentation är några exempel. Lärarna arbetar tätt ihop med eleverna och ger konkret, tät återkoppling för att synliggöra kunskapsutvecklingen både för eleven och sig själva. Eleverna behöver mycket stöttning och repetition för att utveckla kunskaper och självständighet i arbetet. Ett dilemma som framträder är att det är svårt att skapa förutsättningar för alla elever att kunna visa fram sina kunskaper. Det vanligaste är att man sitter bredvid och samtalar med eleven för att ta reda på vilka kunskaper eleven har tillägnat sig. Lärande som en social företeelse som sker i samspel med andra är ett synsätt som skiner igenom. Enligt min studie är det oftast eleven och läraren som samspelar med varandra. / The aim of this study is to explore how a few teachers in the upper secondary school’s national programmes for pupils with intellectual disabilities work with assessing the knowledge development in students and how these teachers work for the pupils to be able to make their own knowledge visible.   The study is based upon seven semi structured interviews with teachers teaching Swedish in upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disabilities.  The results show that the teachers use multiple methods to acquire ground for assessment of knowledge. Conversation, observation and documentation are some examples of methods. The teachers work closely together with the students and provide tangible, frequent feedback to make the knowledge development visible both to the student and themselves. The students need a lot of scaffolding and repetition to develop knowledge and independence in their work. An emerging dilemma is the difficulty to create opportunities for all students to communicate their knowledge. The most common strategy is to sit beside the student and have a conversation to find out what knowledge the student has acquired. Learning as a social experience which occurs in interaction with others is a line of approach that shines through. According to my study it is most commonly the student and the teacher who are interacting with each other.

Popular culture is a phenomenon of growing importance in the society today. Children and teenagers are increasingly using popular culture in their everyday life to reflect and answer questions about their identities and the meaning of life. Swedish primary and upper secondary schools are expected to prepare their students for adulthood and to provide them with tools to explain understand and problematize contemporary society. From this perspective it is relevant to question whether the schools achieve this and whether the instruction given there represents the contemporary society. For the purpose of knowing more about how popular culture is perceived and dealt with in the Swedish education system, this study examines how eight textbooks in Religious Education (RE) and the national curriculum for upper secondary school discuss and treat popular culture.  The study focuses on when and in what ways the textbooks mention popular culture and if the curriculum provides any supportive base for including popular culture in religious education. The textual analysis of the RE textbooks illustrates that popular culture is seldom mentioned in the books and rarely discussed or reflected upon. The most common instances of popular culture in the textbooks are small references outside of the main text. The authors of the textbooks have thus not integrated thorough discussion about popular culture but rather added in some popular cultured references where they thought it would fit in the texts. With regard to the national curriculum for Religious Education, there is some recognition of how to use and discuss popular culture and its importance for students is acknowledged. However, this recognition is only explained in the comments to the curriculum and not in the document itself.   The apparent lack of popular culture in RE textbooks is in this study discussed from the perspective of power relations and popular culture perceived as a culture form with low status. As historians have asserted, cultural forms that have historically been called and perceived as low culture have also been used as objects for the exercise of power. While popular culture today has taken over functions that traditionally belong to the established religions, and while in some cases popular culture can be perceived as a form of religion, popular culture is still commonly viewed as a lower form of culture for the masses and consequently a cultural form with lower status.  This exercise of power has usually been downward in the social hierarchy, from middle class towards working class, to today’s groups of adults towards youth. It may be this trend that emerges when this study shows the lack of popular culture in RE textbooks. It is adults who write the curriculum, it is adults who write the textbooks and it is adults who teach in schools. Popular culture is said to belong to the young and therefore it does not have sufficiently high status to be brought in to the classroom.

This study aims to analyse how sex and sexuality are presented in the Buddhism and Hinduism chapters of religious studies textbooks for upper secondary school. The chosen textbooks are all linked to the new curriculum Lgr 11 which was implemented in the Swedish school system in the spring of 2012. The textbooks were analysed by using two methods; content analysis and discourse analysis. Content analysis was used to examine with which frequency sexes and sexualities appear in the textbooks, while discourse analysis was used to find what discourses surround the two concepts. The discourse analysis used two theories in order to contextualize the several discourses about sex and sexuality. The two theories were social dominance theory and norm critical theory.   The study shows that men are more frequently mentioned in the textbooks than women, with two exceptions. In the chapter describing Buddhism in one of the textbooks, women are more frequently portrayed in pictures. Women are also more frequently mentioned in the chapter describing Hinduism in another textbook.   In the chapters about Buddhism, men are often described as leaders and are mentioned in connection to education. When women are mentioned, it is often in the role of nuns, who are always described as subordinate to monks. In the chapters about Hinduism, men are often mentioned in connection to education, and are often described as in power and as practitioners of the religion. Women are described as dependent on men and are mentioned in connection to marriage and their husbands. Sexuality is a subject which only one textbook brings up. It defines homosexuality as unacceptable in the Hindu society, but does however point out that it is not illegal. Other than that, the textbooks display a lack of interest in discussing sexualities in patriarchal religions in which heterosexuality is considered a norm. Every example and description the textbooks give about religious life and the different stages humans go through are based on a heteronormativity. The authors always base their examples on heterosexual relationships and heterosexual people. The findings of this study are troubling, particularly as the Nation Agency for Education (Skolverket) has stated that the Swedish upper secondary school must study religion from different perspectives, for example sex and sexuality.

Den här uppsatsen studerar läroböcker anpassade för gymnasieskolans grundkurser i samhällskunskap för att undersöka läroböckernas beskrivning av politiskt deltagande. Syftet är att undersöka om läroböckerna uppmuntrar till politiskt deltagande. Ytterligare syften är att undersöka om läroböckerna fokuserar på någon form av det politiska deltagandet samt om det finns någon skillnad mellan läroböckerna för de praktiska- respektive de teoretiska programmen. Utifrån tidigare forskning och teori skapades ett analysschema. Analysschemat innehåller fyra fält: parlamentariskt kollektivt politiskt deltagande, parlamentariskt individuellt politiskt deltagande, utomparlamentariskt kollektivt politiskt deltagande samt individuellt utomparlamentariskt deltagande. Med hjälp av de fyra fälten har en kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomförts. Läroböckerna, två för det praktiska programmet och två för det teoretiska programmet, har därefter analyserats var för sig och slutligen jämförts. Resultatet visar att läroböckerna i stor utsträckning uppmuntrar till politiskt deltagande. Ytterligare resultat visar att läroböckerna har ett kollektivt och parlamentariskt fokus på politiskt deltagande. Dessutom visade analysen att läroböckerna för de praktiska programmen presenterade en mer nyanserad bild av politiskt deltagande än vad läroböckerna på de teoretiska programmen gjorde. Dock var resultatet att samtliga läroböckerna presenterade en relativt ensidig bild av politiskt deltagande. / This paper is examining the textbooks adapted for the basic courses in social studies in Swedish upper secondary school, in order to examine the descriptions of political participation. The aim is to investigate if the textbooks encourage political participation. Additional aims are to investigate whether the textbooks focus on some form of political participation, and if there is any difference between the textbooks for the practical and the theoretical programs. Previous research and theory generated in an analytical model. The analytical model contains four fields: parliamentary collective political participation, parliamentary individual political participation, non-parliamentary collective political participation and individual non-parliamentary participation. Based on the four fields, a qualitative content-analysis has been conducted. The textbooks, two for the practical program and two for the theoretical program, have subsequently been analyzed separately and finally compared. The result shows that the textbooks largely encourage political participation. Further results show that the textbooks have a collective and parliamentary focus on political participation. Additionally, the analysis showed that the textbooks for the practical programs presented a more nuanced view of political participation than the textbooks on the theoretical programs did. However, the result was that all the textbooks presented a relatively narrow view on political participation.