L’enjeu du comment montrer et du comment voir n’a jamais été plus fascinant ni plus insolvable qu’à l’ère du totalitarisme visuel. L’image vidéo, issue de cette veine vorace et versatile, est devenue un vecteur privilégié pour réfléchir au sort du visible dans les arts actuels. La réhabilitation de cette image passe par la blessure de sa surface lissante qui en restaure la profondeur. Dans l’art vidéo, ce rôle peut être accordé au dispositif technique assurant la transmission des images. Nous verrons comment cet agencement matériel peut devenir un nouveau cadre pour l’image vidéo : un dispositif réflexif et critique pour accompagner l’expérience esthétique de l’œuvre. Il s’agit, au fil d’une incursion parmi les images multiples de l’installation vidéo contemporaine, de chercher à saisir les modalités et les enjeux qui forgent ce lien déterminant entre le regard et l’image : une exploration de la part d’ombre de l’œuvre qui rend effectif le voyage des images lumineuses. / At the age of visual totalitarianism, how to show and how to see are more than ever fascinating and insolvent questions. Voracious and unpredictable video image is a very special vehicle to analyse the condition of visibity in actual arts. The restoration of visibility always requires hurting the smooth surface of the image. In video art, this function may be attribuated to its technical system as new frame for video artworks : this material agencement becomes a reflexive and critical system for aesthetics experience. In the middle of contemporary video installation’s images, we’ll try to understand the terms and issues which invent this decisive link between the eye and the image : an exploration of the darkness which sets going the luminous images’ travel.

Cette thèse montre, par l’étude de la nouvelle visibilité des femmes dans les programmes des chaînes satellitaires, comment la télévision contribue à l’hybridation socioculturelle, à l’acculturation et à l’incorporation sélective des valeurs et des normes de genre. Il s’agit dans un premier temps d’un travail de contextualisation de la complexité des représentations des femmes à la télévision depuis la diffusion satellitaire, à partir d’une étude comparative des scènes télévisuelles entre cinq pays arabes: le Liban, la Tunisie, l’Égypte, le Qatar et les Émirats-Arabes-Unis. Dans un second temps, l’analyse de 77 entretiens avec des présentatrices des 18 chaînes satellitaires dans les pays ciblés, se focalise sur les processus de féminisation et de professionnalisation du métier de présentatrice, qui sont des facteurs majeurs non seulement dans la construction de la diversité des images et des modèles féminins véhiculés par la télévision, mais aussi dans les transformations de la perception des femmes et de leurs rôles dans la société. À travers cette diversité ambivalente, voire même contradictoire, la télévision contribue à introduire de l’incohérence et de l’hybridité stimulant l’imagination des téléspectateurs, particulièrement sur le plan de leur conception des rôles des hommes et des femmes. C’est précisément sur cette dimension que s’étudie la troisième partie de la thèse. Celle-ci s’appuie sur les études des expériences de réceptions auprès de 66 participants et participantes à 16 séances de focus groups réalisées essentiellement au Liban. Ce corpus avec lequel nous interrogeons les rôles et les imaginaires de genre est un moyen privilégié pour saisir les enjeux de la globalisation télévisuelle et de la « modernité » dans les sociétés arabes contemporaines. / The new visibility of women on Satellite TV Channels is the product of transformations of the media landscape. The explosion of Arab Satellite Channels (ASC) since 1990 have allowed women in the Arab World to be present in a wide range of media professions, particularly TV anchor. Today, we can notice a diversity of women anchor’s figures after the emergence of many specialized and generalized satellite channels. Indeed, women are present in news, social and political talk shows, sport, religion, fashion, food, and reporting. Some of those figures outcome of political, social and economic logic of specific national context (Egypt, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia), while others are the result of professionalism competition of channels and subjective experience of women anchors-as new actors on ASC- in transnational context (Lebanon, Qatar and Dubai). A key factor in this new configuration of women’s visibility on Arab media landscape is the transgressing of the traditional male domain. Indeed, many women anchors proved impressive strides in debate TV programs and reporting. Based on their professional experience, high education and talents, they proved to be equal to men and sometimes more effective and influential. Women anchor’s new visibility in ASC affects women’s professional situation, shapes gender relationships, women’s participation in the public sphere, and family’s perceptions and retention of women into Arab Societies.

Energy is largely invisible to users. It has been argued that employing technologies to visualise energy will assist people in conserving energy. Energy visibility interventions have largely focussed on appliance use and electricity consumption. This thesis aims to firstly explore whether making heat visible, using thermal images, promotes heat (and thereby energy) conservation. Secondly using a multiple method approach, it explores how. Five studies were employed. Study One and Three investigated whether using thermal images as a tailored antecedent intervention would promote energy conservation behaviours. The results confirmed that the images led to a reduction in Kg CO2 emissions attributed to domestic energy use. Study One and Three indicated that householders undertook more energy saving behaviours in relation to those aspects that were visible in the images. These actions were attributed to simple, energy saving behaviours such as proofing draughts. Study Two investigated how people make sense of the images and how behaviours are promoted by the images. Study two suggested that the images provide a unique medium through which factors which contribute to energy saving can be combined and reasoned by the viewer. It suggests the psychological factors in a pathway from prompt to behaviour. Study Four established that showing the images in an information presentation was not as effective when influencing participants’ ideas about energy conservation. Finally, Study Five explored participants gaze and demonstrated how features of the images, can attract the viewer. The novel contribution of this thesis is in establishing that ‘making heat visible’ through a tailored thermal imaging prompt can increase the likelihood of a householder taking simple energy saving actions, by providing a novel medium through which householders attend to heat and energy use.

Este estudo investiga a emergência de um novo regime de visibilidade de algumas diferenças sexuais no cinema durante o período de transição para o século vinte e um. A partir das análises fílmicas de Breaking the Waves (Lars von Trier, 1996), Minha vida em cor-de-rosa (Ma vie en Rose, Alain Berliner, 1997), e Brokeback Mountain (Ang Lee, 2005), busca-se compreender as profundas transformações que se deram sob o impacto da crise da AIDS na constituição de um imaginário social sobre as diferenças sexuais e as reconfigurações das formas de dar a ver e de negociar estas diferenças e transformações, também por intermédio do cinema, no período investigado, levando-se em consideração o jogo de forças que se estabeleceu entre discursos hegemônicos e contra-hegemônicos que se desdobraram a partir da apropriação política do cinema por diversos grupos que militavam por direitos civis de homossexuais durante a década de 1990. / This work investigates the emergence of a new regimen of visibility of certain sexual differences portrayed in cinema during the transition to the twenty-first century. Through the filmic analysis of Breaking the Waves (Lars von Trier, 1996), My Life in Pink (Ma vie en Rose, Alain Berliner, 1997), and Brokeback Mountain (Ang Lee, 2005) this research seeks to understand the profound transformations that occurred as a result of the impact of the AIDS crisis both in terms of the construction of a social imaginary of sexual differences as well as the rearrangements of the ways these differences and changes were made visible and were negotiated in this period through film. This analysis takes into consideration the disputes established between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic discourses which followed the political appropriation of cinematographic media by several gay civil rights groups during the 1990s.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between spatial politics and sex work in order to demonstrate how spatial exclusion can be used to consolidate power imbalances in the public sphere. To achieve this, this thesis explores and compares the situations between two countries with opposing approaches to sex work – abolitionism in Sweden and decriminalisation in the Netherlands. Frame analysis is used to examine how these two states diagnose sex work as a problem and propose and justify solutions. This thesis finds that, despite the differing ideological standpoints towards sex work, the consequences of the differing legislative approaches of these two countries are more similar than might be expected, in relation to spatial politics. Both approaches to sex work result in the spatial exclusion of sex workers, tangibly from the urban environment and normatively from public debate. This result has significant ramifications. By rendering sex work invisible to the public eye, many sex workers are forced into less stable and less secure working conditions. Given that both the Dutch and Swedish approaches to sex work legislation are justified under the guise of promoting women’s rights, this issue is extremely significant and deserves further analytical interest.

Esta dissertação trata do impacto do onze de setembro sobre a visibilidade das comunidades muçulmanas no Brasil a partir de uma rede de instituições sunitas, com foco em duas especialmente, a União das Entidades Islâmicas (UNI) e a Assembleia Mundial da Juventude Islâmica (WAMY) e seu trabalho político com direitos humanos. As entidades passaram a ser interpeladas com acusações que se relacionam, fundamentalmente, à violação de direitos humanos, com um forte viés orientalista, nos termos de Edward Said. As iniciativas públicas e principais posicionamentos políticos tocam na questão dos direitos das mulheres e a proteção à vida. Além disso, os direitos humanos aparecem nas agendas humanitárias globais pautadas pelas entidades e outros atores políticos muçulmanos, como a questão palestina. Optei por abordá-los a partir de uma perspectiva de vida social ativa dada a heterogeneidade de material que tinha em mãos. Por fim, as entidades me revelaram um projeto político de comunidade com uma estética e uma ética específicas, bastante enleadas com a lógica de produção de imagens típicas de uma politicidade dos espaços de debate público contemporâneos. / This dissertation deals with the impact of September 11 on the visibility of Muslim communities in Brazil from a network of Sunni institutions, with a focus on two in particular, the Union of Islamic Entities (UNI) and the Islamic World Youth Assembly (WAMY) and his political work with human rights. The entities are now challenged with allegations that relate mainly to the violation of human rights, with a strong bias Orientalist, according to Edward Said. Public initiatives and major political positions touch the issue of women\'s rights and the protection of life. In addition, human rights appear in the global humanitarian agenda guided by the entities and other Muslim political actors, such as the Palestinian issue. I chose to approach them from a perspective of active social life given the heterogeneity of the material at hand. Finally, the authorities have shown me a community political project with an aesthetic and a specific ethical, rather ensnared with typical imaging logic of a political nature of the spaces of contemporary public debate.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hadriel Geovani da Silva Theodoro.pdf: 1808656 bytes, checksum: 1299518b134fb195fd9cde331f7252d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-24 / With the prospect of contributing towards reflections and social practices regarding the politics of media visibility and citizenship for transgendered people, this dissertation articulates studies in the areas of gender and sexuality, communication, media, and consumption. The main objective is to analyze the media visibility of transgendered people in the context of a contemporary consumption society, starting from a case study of the experiences of Laerte Coutinho, cartoonist and nationally renowned activist. The theoretical framework is guided by authors from queer studies, cultural studies, and media and consumption theory. The research methodology, of a qualitative nature, is based on the analysis of a corpus made up of eight items from the media, in addition to an interview carried out with Laerte and an observation of her personal page on the social media network, Facebook. The results of the analysis point to the maintenance of stereotyped, or even prejudiced, frames as related to the visibility of Laerte s transgenderedness, particularly in traditional mass media. In relation to counter-hegemonic or alternative media and social networking spaces, especially on the cartoonist s Facebook profile page, these frames are more favorable towards the policies of visibility for transgenderedness. Finally, the path of the analysis points out difficulties and limits in constituting the politics of media visibility for transgenderedness that promote an effective shift away from a gender binary in our society and culture. / Na perspectiva de contribuir para reflexões e práticas sociais sobre as políticas de visibilidade midiática e a cidadania das pessoas transgêneras, a presente dissertação articula os estudos de gênero e sexualidade, comunicação, mídia e consumo. O objetivo principal é analisar as visibilidades midiáticas das pessoas transgêneras no contexto da sociedade de consumo contemporânea, a partir de um estudo de caso das vivências de Laerte Coutinho, cartunista e ativista de renome nacional. O aporte teórico se pauta em autoras e autores da teoria queer, dos estudos culturais, das teorias da mídia e do consumo. A metodologia da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, está fundamentada na análise de um corpus formado por oito materiais midiáticos, além de uma entrevista realizada com Laerte e de uma observação de sua página pessoal no site de rede social Facebook. Os resultados da análise apontam para a manutenção de enquadramentos estereotipados ou mesmo preconceituosos no que concerne às visibilidades da transgeneridade de Laerte, principalmente nas mídias tradicionais. Em relação às mídias contra-hegemônicas ou alternativas e aos espaços das redes sociais, especialmente o perfil do cartunista no Facebook, esses enquadramentos são mais favoráveis a uma política de visibilidade da transgeneridade. O percurso da análise aponta, por fim, às dificuldades e limites de constituição de políticas de visibilidade midiática da transgeneridade que promovam um efetivo deslocamento dos binarismos de gênero em nossa sociedade e cultura.

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une nouvelle approche efficace pour le rendu de scènes vastes et d'objets détaillés en temps réel. Notre approche est basée sur une nouvelle représentation pré-filtrée et volumique de la géométrie et un lancer de cone basé-voxel qui permet un rendu précis et haute performance avec une haute qualité de filtrage de géométries très détaillées. Afin de faire de cette représentation voxel une primitive de rendu standard pour le temps-réel, nous proposons une nouvelle approche basée sur les GPUs conçus entièrement pour passer à l'échelle et supporter ainsi le rendu des volumes de données très volumineux. Notre système permet d'atteindre des performances de rendu en temps réel pour plusieurs milliards de voxels. Notre structure de données exploite le fait que dans les scènes CG, les détails sont souvent concentrées sur l'interface entre l'espace libre et des grappes de densité et montre que les modèles volumétriques pourrait devenir une alternative intéressante en tant que rendu primitif pour les applications temps réel. Dans cet esprit, nous permettons à un compromis entre qualité et performances et exploitons la cohérence temporelle. Notre solution est basée sur une représentation hiérarchiques des données adaptées en fonction de la vue actuelle et les informations d'occlusion, couplé à un algorithme de rendu par lancer de rayons efficace. Nous introduisons un mécanisme de cache pour le GPU offrant une pagination très efficace de données dans la mémoire vidéo et mis en œuvre comme un processus data-parallel très efficace. Ce cache est couplé avec un pipeline de production de données capable de charger dynamiquement des données à partir de la mémoire centrale, ou de produire des voxels directement sur le GPU. Un élément clé de notre méthode est de guider la production des données et la mise en cache en mémoire vidéo directement à partir de demandes de données et d'informations d'utilisation émises directement lors du rendu. Nous démontrons notre approche avec plusieurs applications. Nous montrons aussi comment notre modèle géométrique pré-filtré et notre lancer de cones approximé peuvent être utilisés pour calculer très efficacement divers effets de flou ainsi d'éclairage indirect en temps réel. / In this thesis, we present a new approach to efficiently render large scenes and detailed objects in real-time. Our approach is based on a new volumetric pre-filtered geometry representation and an associated voxel-based approximate cone tracing that allows an accurate and high performance rendering with high quality filtering of highly detailed geometry. In order to bring this voxel representation as a standard real-time rendering primitive, we propose a new GPU-based approach designed to entirely scale to the rendering of very large volumetric datasets. Our system achieves real-time rendering performance for several billion voxels. Our data structure exploits the fact that in CG scenes, details are often concentrated on the interface between free space and clusters of density and shows that volumetric models might become a valuable alternative as a rendering primitive for real-time applications. In this spirit, we allow a quality/performance trade-off and exploit temporal coherence. Our solution is based on an adaptive hierarchical data representation depending on the current view and occlusion information, coupled to an efficient ray-casting rendering algorithm. We introduce a new GPU cache mechanism providing a very efficient paging of data in video memory and implemented as a very efficient data-parallel process. This cache is coupled with a data production pipeline able to dynamically load or produce voxel data directly on the GPU. One key element of our method is to guide data production and caching in video memory directly based on data requests and usage information emitted directly during rendering. We demonstrate our approach with several applications. We also show how our pre-filtered geometry model and approximate cone tracing can be used to very efficiently achieve blurry effects and real-time indirect lighting.

O objetivo desta pesquisa de doutorado é compreender os distintos significados do que é ser uma professora lésbica no ambiente escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, e de perspectiva sociológica, que dialoga com estudos nacionais e internacionais já realizados sobre o tema, com base no debate sobre gênero, sexualidades e heteronormatividade. Foram entrevistadas seis professoras da rede pública (estadual ou municipal) de São Paulo, estando elas em atividade em três cidades: São Paulo, Diadema e Praia Grande. A partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, a pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender como essas docentes lidam com essa informação de suas vidas pessoais no ambiente escolar e quais seus principais obstáculos e medos. Os resultados da investigação mostram que, no lugar de uma invisibilidade suposta inicialmente, ganhou destaque a busca de uma visibilidade pedagógica, ou de uma tentativa consciente de construir uma possibilidade de existência legítima no ambiente escolar. Trata-se de um ser e estar na escola como docente que, por si só, traz uma aspiração e uma realização pedagógicas: a de construir uma visibilidade que garanta legitimidade para a existência lésbica. / The purpose of this doctoral research is to understand the different meanings of being a lesbian teacher in the school environment. It is a qualitative research and, of a sociological perspective, it dialogues with national and international studies already carried out on the subject, based on the debate on gender, sexualities and heteronormativity. Six public school teachers (state or municipal) from São Paulo were interviewed while they were teaching in three cities: São Paulo, Diadema and Praia Grande. From a semi-structured script, the research aimed to understand how these teachers deal with this information of their personal lives in the school environment and what your obstacles and fears would be. The results of the research show that, instead of an invisibility, initially supposed, the search for a pedagogical visibility, or a conscious attempt to construct a legitimate possibility of existence in the school environment, was highlighted. Wich means that being in a school as a teatcher, brings, itself, a pedagogical aspiration and a accomplishment: building a visibility that guarantees legitimacy for the lesbian existence.