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31	Návrh přírodě blízkých opatření na vybraném vodním toku / Proposal of nature-friendly measures on a selected watercourse Lach, Radek Unknown Date (has links) The main aim of the diploma thesis was an assessment of the current state of the Svratka watercourse flowing largely through the urban area of the town of Jimramov, especially the adjacent parts of Sedliště and Benátky, and to a lesser extent through the suburban area below the municipality. The given section is 2,6 km long with the beginning in the river kilometer 131,10 and the end in the river kilometer 133,70. The capacity of flows and objels in the given period has been assessed (bridges, weirs, steps, etc.). Calculation water surface profiles have been made by usage of the 1D mathematical model HEC-RAS. Part of the work was to determine the current level of flood protection on the stream. The assessment is based on personal visit and photos taken as rekord. The thesis was complemented with hydroecological monitoring of the stream channel – the HEM analysis 2014. The final phase of the work deals with the conceptual design of a nature-friendly flood control measure to increase the protection of the adjacent area and improve the condition of the watercourse. Progress of individual levels and measures are based on hydrotechnical calculations.
32	La guerre de l’eau, la bataille du Nil : entre accords régionaux, utilisation équitable et devoir de coopération Gamache, Louis-Paul 04 1900 (has links) Les rivières, lacs et aquifères transfrontaliers à travers la planète sont des catalyseurs de tension internationale. Le partage des ressources en eau entre les États est sujet à des défis de plus en plus aigus avec une demande en constante croissance et une variabilité de l’offre exacerbée par les changements climatiques. Cet enjeu bénéficie de peu d’encadrement juridique alors que les accords entre États riverains sont exceptionnels et peu efficaces et que le droit en la matière est controversé. Ce mémoire se veut une étude de trois méthodes d’analyse en droit international public des conflits dans le partage de ces cours d’eau partagés en utilisant l’exemple de la construction d’un ouvrage hydraulique d’envergure sur le Nil Bleu, dont l’Éthiopie, le Soudan et l’Égypte sont les tributaires. Une première méthode consiste à étudier les instruments régionaux qui ont tenté d’attribuer les eaux transfrontières et les droits de développement industriel. Une seconde approche propose d’examiner l’application du droit multilatéral et coutumier relatif aux utilisations des cours d'eau internationaux à des fins autres que la navigation. La troisième démarche vise à déterminer l’étendue et les bénéfices de l’obligation de coopérer en droit international public. Une fois ces trois méthodes appliquées, l’auteur arrive à la conclusion que les instruments régionaux du bassin du Nil et le droit international applicable, notamment codifié dans la Convention sur le droit relatif aux utilisations des cours d'eau internationaux à des fins autres que la navigation, n’offrent aucune solution juridique définitive en raison (i) de l’absence de force contraignante ou (ii) de conflits interprétatifs irréconciliables. Quant à elle, l’obligation de coopérer, quoi que limitée dans son étendue, est source d’optimisme. / Transboundary rivers, lakes and aquifers around the world are catalysts for international tension. The sharing of water resources between States is subject to increasingly acute challenges with a constantly growing demand and a variability of supply exacerbated by climate change. This issue benefits from limited legal guidance, while agreements between riparian states are exceptional and inefficient and the law in this area is controversial. This paper examines three methods of analysis in public international law of conflicts in the sharing of these shared watercourses, using the example of the construction of a major hydraulic structure on the Blue Nile, of which Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt are tributaries. A first approach is to examine the regional instruments that have attempted to allocate transboundary waters and industrial development rights. A second approach proposes to examine the application of multilateral and customary international law relating to the non-navigational uses of international watercourses. The third approach seeks to determine the scope and benefits of the duty to cooperate under public international law. After applying these three methods, the author concludes that the regional instruments of the Nile Basin and the applicable international law, notably codified in the Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, do not offer any firm legal solution due to (i) lack of binding force or (ii) irreconcilable interpretative conflicts. As for the obligation to cooperate, although limited in scope, it is a source of optimism. Cours d’eau transfrontière Droit des traités Utilisation équitable et raisonnable Règle de l’absence de préjudice Obligation de coopération Théorie des jeux Transboundary watercourse Treaty law Equitable and reasonable use No harm rule Duty to cooperate Game theory
33	Posouzení možností revitalizace vodního toku Osoblaha – úsek II / Assessment of the Possibilities The Revitalization of a Watercourse Osoblaha – reach II Vysloužilová, Lucie January 2015 (has links) This thesis deals with examining the possibility of revitalizing the watercourse Osoblaha. It flows through the cadastral territories of municipalities Bohušov, Osoblaha and Kašnice u Bohušova. In this thesis there will be proposed a measure to increase biodiversity of the flow. The trough will be loosened in appropriate segments, oxbow lakes and ponds will be designed. Also the bank shelters for fish stock will be suggested. For slope stabilization will be used reinforcement of fresh willow fences. Impermeable shoots or disintegrating oxbow lakes will be projected in the straight sections of the flow.
34	Studie možností revitalizačních opatření příměstského vodního toku / Study of river restoration measures of suburban watercourse Šebesta, Radek January 2013 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with the problem of river restoration. Selected watercourse, which was inappropriately technically modified, had been mapped in detail and land use map was compiled. The watercourse was divided into sections, which were described in detail and assessed for suitability for restoration action. The new nature-friendly channel was designed on the selected section of the watercourse. Technical graphic documentation was designed.
35	Revitalizace malého vodního toku / The Revitalization of a Small Watercourse Svědínková, Renáta January 2013 (has links) My diploma thesis deals with the issue revitalization of a small stream. Assessment and design of revitalization is done on Kuřimka stream which flows through the cadastral territory of the Moravian Knínice - Chudčice - Kníničky. In the diploma thesis were designed several of revitalization measures: stabilization of longitudinal tilt with the use of stone steps in the bottom and wooden thresholds, sedimentation reservoir for capturing sediment and slope stabilization using willow fences and gabions. Proposal of revitalization measures does not deteriorate runoff conditions.
36	Miljöanpassningar för restaurering av vattendrag i Sverige - Småskalig vattenkraft : Ska inte den vandrande fisken få lov att vandra? / Environmental adaptations of watercourse restoration in Sweden - Small-scale hydropower : Shouldn't the migrating fish be able to migrate? Andreasson, Sandra, Ohlin, Josefin January 2023 (has links) Vattenkraftverk utgör vandringshinder för den akvatiska faunan i vattendrag. Den vandrande fisken hindras från att nå sina lekområden vilket har lett till ett minskat bestånd. Omprövningen som ska ske av vattenkraften i Sverige kommer att ställa högre krav på miljöanpassningar och bevarandet av ekologin. Elbristen i Europa har lett till en paus av omprövningen. Pausen möjliggör för att få ytterligare kunskap kring utförandet av restaureringsarbetet innan implementeringen. Studiens syfte var att identifiera vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns med restaureringsarbetet av vattenkraft, både ur ett socialt och ekologiskt perspektiv. Metoden utgjordes av ett flertal intervjuer med personer som för studien hade relevant kunskap. Resultatet visar på att det finns möjligheter och utmaningar inom samarbete, finansiering och restaurering. Slutsatsen av studien var att omprövningen är en grund till förbättrat arbete som bidrar med tydligare riktlinjer för samarbete, en miljöfonden som kan finansiera miljöanpassningarna och att restaureringsåtgärder faktiskt kommer implementeras. Utmaningarna som identifierades var konflikten mellan olika intressen, den varierande effektiviteten av en fiskväg och kostsamma miljöanpassningar. En utrivning ger snabba positiva förändringar och kan också därför anses vara den mest effektiva miljöanpassningen. Slutligen, restaurering av vattendrag är värdefullt för den akvatiska faunan. / Hydroelectric power plants constitute migration barriers for the aquatic fauna in watercourses. The migrating fish are prevented from reaching their spawning areas, which has led to a reduced stock of fish. Omprövningen of hydropower in Sweden will place higher demands on environmental adaptations and the preservation of ecology. The electricity shortage in Europe has led to a pause of omprövningen. The pause makes it possible to gain additional knowledge about the execution of the restoration work before the implementation. The purpose of the study was to identify which challenges and opportunities exist with the restaureation of watercourses with hydropower, both from a social and ecological perspective. The method consisted of several interviews with people who had relevant knowledge for the study. The results showed that there are opportunities and challenges with cooperation, financing and restoration. The conclusion was that the omprövning contributes with possibilities such as clearer guidelines for cooperation, the environmental fund that can finance the environmental adaptations and that restoration measures will actually be implemented. The identified challenges were conflicts between different interests, the varying efficiency of a fish passage and financing the expensive adaptations. A removal produces rapid positive change and can therefore be considered the most effective environmental adaptation. Finally, restoration of watercourses is valuable for the aquatic fauna. Small-scale hydropower watercourse omprövning migrating fish aquatic fauna southern Sweden dam removal stakeholders precautionary principle polluter pays principle ecological modernization Småskalig vattenkraft vattendrag omprövning vandrande fisk akvatisk fauna södra Sverige utrivning intressenter försiktighetsprincipen polluter pays principle ekologisk modernisering Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap
37	Anthropocentric impacts on the ecology and biodiversity of the Natalspruit watercourse and its associated wetlands Kruger-Franck, Elmarie 07 1900 (has links) Information regarding the ecological wellbeing of the Natalspruit and its adjoining wetlands is essential if the river is being managed using sound ecological management principles. Despite this, little is known about this river, with little documentation at the regional or municipal level. This study partially addresses this knowledge gap by evaluating the impacts of human activity on a section of the Natalspruit and its adjoining wetlands. It reports on pollution concentrations found at selected sample sites and compares the results to Rand Water data and the National Standards and Guidelines of South Africa for physicochemical parameters and contaminated soils. Water samples were collected at five chosen sample sites during May and July 2018. Soil samples were taken during July 2018. The study found that water at all five sample sites is not suitable for drinking, the health of livestock and recreational use due to the present and high Total Coliform levels (ranging from 450 CFU/100ml to 100 000 CFU/100ml), as well as Turbidity, Total Hardness, TDS, Mg, NO2, SO4, and BOD which also exceeded the guidelines. Only site SS1 (May) exceeded the CaCO3 concentrations regarding livestock health. No guidelines were available for DO levels on the health of livestock. Cl levels in the Natalspruit was suitable for drinking. PO4 concentration at all the sites were all within the guidelines of acceptable levels for aquatic ecosystems. In terms of heavy metals, Cr levels significantly exceeded the guidelines at all five sample sites with the exception of ecosystem health. This is of great concern due to the toxicity of Cr. Cu concentrations exceeded the guidelines for both all land-uses protective of water resources and ecosystem health, at SS1, SS2, SS3 and SS5. Ni concentrations exceeded the guidelines for all land-uses protective of the water resources at SS5. Pb and Zn concentrations exceeded the guidelines for the land-uses protective of the water resources at all the sites with the exception of SS4 for Pb and SS2 and SS4. SS1 and SS5 reported Zn concentrations higher than the guideline for the protection of ecosystem health. SASS 5, PES and EIS assessments indicated moderate to severe modifications of the river. Thus, mining, industrial activities, surface runoff from densely populated informal settlements and wastewater treatment plants have negatively impacted upon the river. Decades of environmental neglect and effluent discharge have degraded the ecosystem, thus necessitating rehabilitation. However, as the study was limited in both time and scope, so additional research should be undertaken. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management) Environmental impacts Wetlands Fauna and flora Mining Industrial Informal settlements Environmental degradation Development Sustainable use Natalspruit 577.680968225
38	Mekanisk uppgrävning: ett effektivt verktyg mot den invasiva främmande arten gul skunkkalla (Lysichiton americanus) : En utredning av behandlingsmetoder Kekäle, Oscar January 2023 (has links) Den biologiska mångfalden minskar globalt och ett av de största hoten utgörs av invasiva främmande arter. Natura-2000 området Fylleån, Halland, huserar en av de största svenska populationerna av gul skunkkalla (Lysichiton americanus). Arten utgör ett hot mot de naturvärden som finns i Fylleån och är subjekt för extensiva behandlingsarbeten i området för att motarbeta växtens effekt på ekosystemet. Det finns i dagsläget ingen evidens för att behandlingsmetoderna som presenteras av Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens metodkatalog har effektivitet i svenska vattendrag. Målet med min studie är att undersöka effektiviteten av mekanisk uppgrävning samt ytlig hetvattensbehandling som behandlingsmetoder för gul skunkkalla. Jag undersöker även lämpligheten för användandet av övriga metoder presenterade av metodkatalogen och metoderna hetvattensbehandling och fröställningsborttagning som inte listats i metodkatalogen men som testas av myndigheter i viss utsträckning. Den första delen av studien genomförs som jämförelsestudie mellan områden som behandlats i olika grad med mekanisk grävning och hetvattenbehandling för att bestämma metodernas effektivitet. Den andra delen av min studie var att genom en litteraturgenomgång med metodkatalogen som utgångspunkt avgöra lämpligheten på och reflektera över metoderna samt reflektera över metodernas lämplighet att användas civilt. Min slutsats är att mekanisk grävning ger minskande populationer och signifikanta skillnader i individantal, förutsatt att behandlingen utförs rätt och konsekvent. Jag resonerar att andra behandlingsmetoder kan påverka mer organismer än vad man avsett och att de därför är olämpliga att bruka i Fylleån. Jag diskuterar vad jag anser är rimligt idéellt arbete i nuläget samt framtida potential och behovet av information i rätt kanaler. / Biodiversity is decreasing globally and one of the biggest threats is invasive alien species. The Natura-2000 area Fylleån, Halland, houses one of the largest Swedish populations of the American skunk cabbage (Lysichiton americanus). The species poses a threat to the natural values found in Fylleån and is subjected to extensive treatment to counteract the plant's effect on the ecosystem. There is currently no evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment methods presented by Naturvårdsverket and Havs- och vattenmyndighetens method catalog in Swedish watercourses. The goal of my study is to investigate the effectiveness of mechanical excavation and superficial hot water treatment as treatment methods for American skunk cabbage, along with hot water treatment and seed stand removal which are not listed in the method catalog but are tested by authorities to a certain extent. Through a comparative study between areas treated to varying degrees with mechanical digging and hot water treatment, I determine the effectiveness of the methods. The second part of my study was to try to determine the suitability of and reflect on the methods, as well as reflect on the suitability of the methods for civilian use through a literature review using the method catalog as a starting point. My conclusion is that mechanical digging produces declining populations and significant differences in found individuals, provided the treatment is carried out correctly and consistently. I reason that other treatment methods can affect more organisms than intended, and that they are therefore unsuitable for use in Fylleån. Invasive species Yellow skunk cabbage American skunk cabbage Lysichiton americanus Ecology Botany IAS Halland Plants Nature Methodolgy Mechanical digging hot water treatment heatweed glyfosate climate Lysichiton Araceae inventory species description statistical analysis litterature review watercourse invasive plants Sustainability Biology Natural sciences Halmstad university Invasiva främmande arter Gul skunkkalla Lysichiton americanus Ekologi Botanik heatweed Araceae IAS Halland Växter Natur Behandlingsmetoder Mekanisk uppgrävning hetvattenbehandling glyfosat klimat kalleväxter inventering artbeskrivning statistisk analys metodkatalogen litteraturgenomgång vattendrag invasiva växter globala målen hållbarhet Biologi Naturvetenskap Högskolan i Halmstad Natural Sciences Naturvetenskap Biological Sciences Biologiska vetenskaper Ecology Ekologi Botany Botanik

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