The trend towards the automation and robotization of warfare, enabling the exercise of violence from a distance, has been long-present, dating back to such inventions as the bow and arrow that allowed an archer to kill from afar. Today’s military drones now permit an extreme separation between rivals. James Der Derian’s concept of virtuous war encapsulates a certain normative view of current and future wars. A rationale of the actors waging virtuous war is that violence is used in a cleaner way, resulting in ever fewer battle deaths. In this thesis, I argue that the next step in the progression of military weaponry is the inclusion of artificial superintelligence (hereinafter ASI) in the American drone and counterterrorism program. While including this technology into the American war machine may represent a moral objective, I conclude that the use of ASI for military purposes is immoral because accountability becomes indeterminable.

The goal of the disertation is valuation of economic effectiveness of the project of building and operation of data centre (telehouse centre). The theoretical part contains basic principles and methods of risk analysis of investment project (break event point, sensitivity analysis), the description of preparation and realisation of investment project, planning of cash flow, determination of discount rate, the possible ways of finance of investment project, the methods of valuation of effectiveness investments. The practical part contains the analysis of telecommunication market, Porters model of competitive powers in the sphere of telecommunication firm, specification of the costs of the project, price statement of Serverhousing, the plan of costs, plan of profit and lost statement, the determination of net present value.

Les fines de lavage de carrières sont à l’heure actuelle peu valorisées. Pourtant, leurs caractéristiques physiques font de ces fines une matière première intéressante pour le domaine de la construction. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer la formulation de produits préfabriqués non porteurs à base de fines de lavage, en considérant ces fines comme de la terre crue. Deux catégories de produits préfabriqués sont visées : un produit dit « lourd » (brique de terre comprimée) et un produit « léger » (carreau). Pour la valorisation en BTC, une étude de compacité par essai Proctor a permis de cibler la teneur en eau de fabrication et la masse volumique sèche à obtenir. Les performances mécaniques des briques ont été améliorées par surcompactage, renforcement granulaire et traitement au liant hydraulique. L’étude de formulation du carreau a associé les fines de lavage et la chènevotte. La consistance des mélanges à l’état frais a été étudiée avec le consistomètre VEBE. Les performances mécaniques en flexion et en compression des mélanges fibrés ont été mesurées. De la chaux et un superplastifiant ont été ajoutés dans la formulation pour satisfaire aux conditions de tenue mécanique. Les deux voies de valorisation ont été validées par mesures des performances physico-mécaniques sur produits fabriqués à l’échelle industrielle. La formulation optimale de BTC valorise près de 80% de fines de lavage et se classe dans la catégorie BTC 40 de la norme expérimentale XP13-901 (brique faiblement capillaire et résistante à la projection en eau). La formulation optimale de carreau se compose de 60% de fines de lavage, et répond aux exigences mécaniques des carreaux de plâtre. / Currently, few re-use ways are developed with clay fines from washing units in quarries. However, these clayey fines represent interesting materials for construction domain. This research work aims to develop non-load bearing precast products and to re-use these fines without thermal treatment as for unfired clay products. Two types of precast products are wished: a “heavy” product (compressed earth brick) and a “light” product (tile hemp-clay).For the CEB re-use way, the level of compaction has to be high. Proctor tests have been done to define the moisture content and dry density to obtain. Mechanical performances of bricks have been increased by overcompaction, granular reinforcement and lime treatment.For the tile re-use way, mixes with quarry fines and hemp have been studied. The behaviour of fresh material has been studied with VEBE consistometer. Flexural and compression strengths have been measured on hardened mixes. Lime and water-reducing agent have been necessary for a good mechanical behaviour.The two re-use ways have been validated by measuring mechanical and physical performances of products manufactured at industrial scale. The optimal mix for CEB includes almost 80% of quarry fines. The CEB is classed in BTC40 category according to experimental standard XP13-901 (brick with a low water absorption level and resistant to water spray). The optimal mix for tile includes 60% of quarry fines and satisfies mechanical requirements for gypsum blocks.

This work deals with general drifts in the sphere of plasma cutting and with technological possibilities of plasma ray with intention on individual parameters of plasma designations. Here is described temporary state and direction of development of consumer parts, burners and sources for plasma cutting. Detailed adumbration of direction of development is described in the peroration.

Redovisningskonsultens framtid har, med tanke på digitaliseringen inom yrket, under de senaste åren debatterats både av organisationer och yrkesverksamma inom redovisningsbranschen. Tidigare forskningsstudier uppmärksammar digitala fenomen såsom big data, molntjänster, blockchain, artificiell intelligens, maskininlärning, data mining samt robotic process automation och utforskar hur dessa påverkar redovisningskonsulten. Något som oss veterligen inte är beforskat är vilka digitala verktyg som redovisningskonsulten använder för att hantera dessa digitala fenomen. Denna studie syftar till att, utifrån ovanstående digitala fenomen, undersöka vilka digitala verktyg som redovisningskonsulten använder i sin yrkesroll samt hur denna användning påverkar arbetssättet och kompetensbehovet. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex olika redovisningskonsulter, som är fördelade på fyra olika revisions- och redovisningsbyråer. Resultatet av denna studie indikerar på att redovisningskonsulter använder sig av ett flertal olika digitala verktyg i sitt arbete för att hantera många av de ovanstående digitala fenomenen, men även potentiella kopplingar hur digitala fenomen kan hanteras uppmärksammas. Studien bidrar med en mer positiv inställning till hur arbetssättet förändras samt att det inte alls krävs lika stor kompetensutveckling som tidigare studier visat. / Due to the digitalization within the profession, the future of accounting consultants has been discussed from both organizations and professionals within the branch of accounting the last couple of years. Previous research studies illuminate digital phenomena such as big data, cloud, blockchain, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining and robotic process automation and investigate how they affect the accountant. We do not know any previous research studies about which digital tools that can be used by the accounting consultant to deal with the digital phenomena. This study aims to, based on the digital phenomena mentioned above, investigate which digital tools that accounting consultants use in their profession and how it affects their ways of working and competence needs. The study has a qualitative approach and is accomplished through semi-structured interviews with six accounting consultants, from four different auditing and accounting firms. The findings of the study indicate that accounting consultants use several various digital tools in their work to manage many of the digital phenomena mentioned above, but it also pays attention to potential connections of how digital phenomena could be managed. The study contributes a more positive attitude to how the ways of working changes and that the required competence development is not as big as previous research studies have shown.

During our education time, we have heard on several occasions how the high changing rate in the society also influences the education area. That changing process mainly originates from the transform that a school underwent, i.e. the decentralization meaning a delegation of responsibility from a national to local government and the particular school. The main idea that started a changing process goes under the slogan “a school for everyone”. The new school was created by the newest teaching plan where the individualization of each individual student is a main point on the agenda. A countless number of analyses of Lpo 94 during our education have given us a reason to reflect over how this individualization should take place. The ambition to find an answer on that question led us to start from a couple of questions at issues that foremost handles children’s different ways to learn as well as the design of the teaching supervision in contrast to today’s teaching plan and the newer research within the chosen subject area. The aim of this work is thus to analyze and understand the contents of four different teaching supervisions within biology as a subject area and to try to appoint whether requirements on varied education from Lpo 94 is obeyed. Our answer on how to achieve requirements on individualization from Lpo 94, during this work, is to apply a varied education with a number of senses and intelligences as a frame of reference. Our conclusion and thus the result of our analysis is that the teaching supervisions deficiently reach the requirements that involve varied education in Lpo 94. The degree deficiency varies between different teaching supervisions.

The ways of love in the prose Jozova Hanule The work deals with the theological interpretation of prose works Květa Legátová Jozova Hanule and looking for his referral options due to the different forms of love, which presents Benedict VXI. in the Encyclical Deus caritas est. In theological perspective focuses on how it is represented in the work of eros and agape and their relationship. On this basis, I try to show how the above prose refers to the mystery of transformation of man and definitive finding his personal identity in a community of unconditional love with another person and participate in the sharing of the eternal Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Through the theory of ignition in the text affected by three plane plot of the story. In each of them the protagonist encounters an amendment to another form of love, which is gradually determined. Build and during his life journey from Brno to Želary discovers first love erotic and later meetings with selfless love, agape gradually grows into the fullness of perfect love, which combines eros and agape. Keywords ways of love, erós, agapé, communion of love, theological interpretation of literature, prose Jozova Hanule

The Indian residential school (IRS) system is part of Canada’s colonial history; an estimated 150,000 First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children attended IRS (Stout & Peters, 2011). Informed by Indigenous principles of respect, relevance, responsibility, reciprocity, and relationality (Deloria, 2004; Ermine 1995; Kirkness & Barnhardt, 2001; Wilson, 2008), this study uses classic grounded theory to explore how female IRS survivors or their female descendants are coping with the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Specifically, the general method of comparative analysis was used to generate theory and identify categories and conceptualizations. The emergent problem found that individual survivors and their descendants were dealing with kakwatakih-nipowatisiw, a Cree term used to identify learned colonial (sick) behaviours. These behaviours manifested first among the administrative staff of the schools, then eventually emerged as female generational violence between, for example, mothers and daughters. Indigenous women in this study aimed to resolve this, their ‘main concern’, in order to strengthen familial relations, especially between female family members. Analysis resulted in the identification of a theory derived from the social process of potentializing wellness, which was grounded in the real-world experiences of Indigenous women. Potentializing wellness involves three dimensions: building personal competencies, moral compassing, and fostering virtues. It was revealed that Indigenous women perceive the ongoing generational effects of IRS differently, and as a result, three behavioural typologies emerged: living the norm, between the norm, and escaping the norm. The “norm” refers to the belief that violence is accepted as a normal part of family life. The paradox, of course, is that this type of behaviour is not normal and Indigenous women in this study are looking for ways to eliminate aggressive behaviours between women. The discoveries made in this research, coupled with the final integrative literature review, suggest that Indigenous People’s cultural ways of knowing have a holistic component that addresses all wellness levels. Effective strategies to deal with intergenerational trauma can emerge when holistic health is followed by, or happens concordantly with, reclaiming cultural norms grounded in community and spiritual life. Indigenizing a Western intervention is not enough. Focusing on the spiritual as well as emotional, physical, intellectual, and social aspects of self is seemingly the best approach for Indigenous People who are dealing with the intergenerational effects of trauma.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva grundlärares uppfattning av variationsteori i skrivundervisning av texttyper. Undersökningens frågor svarade mot hur lärare resonerar om val av innehåll och metoder i undervisningen om skrivande av texttyper samt hur lärare upplevde att de använde variationsteori för planering, genomförande och utvärdering av undervisningen för att utveckla elevers skrivande av olika texttyper. Analysen var genomförd med fenomenografi som ansats, webbenkät och semistrukturerad intervju som metod och variationsteori som teori. Resultatet visade att lärarna upplevde variationsteori som tidskrävande och komplex att arbeta med men att det gav god effekt för både elevernas kunskapsutveckling och för lärarnas utveckling av yrkesprofession. Resultatet visade också att lärarna upplever att det är komplext att använda variationsteori i undervisning om att skriva olika texttyper. Men variationsteorin är uppskattad att använda i undervisningen och vissa faktorer kan förenkla användandet. Slutsatsen blir ända att svenskämnets struktur behöver bli mer tillgängligt för variationsteori. / The aim of this paper was to describe teachers’ ways of understanding variation theory used in teaching to write different types of texts. This was done by answering questions as how teachers’ reason in selecting content and methods in teaching to write different types of texts and how teachers experienced how to use variation theory in planning, teaching and evaluation of teaching to develop students' writing of different text types. This empirical study was done with a phenomenography view and variation theory as the theoretical framework for the analysis. The methods were survey and semi structured interview. The results showed that the teachers experienced the variation theory as time-consuming and complex to work with, but that it had a good effect on both the students 'knowledge development and the teachers' development of professional profession. The results showed that the teachers’ experience variation theory as complex in teaching about writing different types of texts. Although variation theory was appreciated in teaching and some factors may facilitate the use of the theory. Anyway, the structure needs to be more accessible to variation theory.

Matematisk problemlösning är för elever ett utmanande område som är beroende av att lärare har en genomtänkt plan för hur undervisningen ska struktureras. De olika syner som visat sig finnas på problemlösning har vidare inspirerat till den här studiens syfte, vilket är att synliggöra olika uppfattningar av vad problemlösning i förskoleklass och årskurs 1–3 innebär. För att svara mot syftet för studien har en fenomenografisk ansats använts och frågeställningarna ”På vilka kvalitativt skilda sätt uppfattar lärare problemlösning i de lägre årskurserna?” och ”På vilka kvalitativt skilda sätt uppfattar lärare syftet med att undervisa i problemlösning i de lägre årskurserna?” har formulerats. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärare har data samlats in och analyserats. Resultatet visar på fem olika uppfattningar av problemlösning vilka handlar om att se problemlösning som en textuppgift, en utmanande process, en procedur, ett gemensamt arbete eller ett kreativt tänkande. Därefter presenteras fyra uppfattningar av vad syftet med undervisning i problemlösning är. Syftet uppfattas handla om att följa läroplan och förbereda inför nationella prov, att ge eleverna förberedande verktyg, att skapa en förståelse för problemlösning och att testa elevernas kunskaper. Avslutningsvis diskuteras studiens metodval följt av en diskussion kring resultatet i relation till tidigare forskning och yrkesverksamheten. / Mathematical problem solving is a challenging area for younger students that relies on teachers having a well-thought-out plan for how the teaching should be structured. The different views that have been identified regarding problem solving have further inspired the purpose of this study. The purpose is to highlight different ways of experiencing what problem solving in preschool and grades 1–3 entails. With regards to the purpose of the study, a phenomenographic approach has been used, and the research questions "In what qualitatively different ways do teachers experience problem solving in the lower grades?" and "In what qualitatively different ways do teachers experience the purpose of teaching problem solving in the lower grades?" has been formulated. Data has been collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews with four teachers. The results reveal five different understandings of problem solving, which involve seeing problem solving as a word problem, a challenging process, a procedure, a collaborative work, or a creative thinking. Furthermore, four different ways of experiencing the purpose of teaching problem solving are presented. The purpose is experienced to be about following the curriculum and preparing for national tests, providing preparatory tools for students, fostering an understanding of problem solving, and testing students' knowledge. Finally, the study's choice of method is discussed, followed by a discussion of the results in relation to previous research and professional practice.