Este trabalho analisa a produção de Álvaro de Campos – heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa – em relação a duas linhas de força: a poesia de Walt Whitman e a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche. Busca comprovar que os poemas da segunda fase, a eufórica, em virtude do prolífico diálogo com o bardo norte-americano e o filósofo, estão investidos de uma vontade de potência, a qual se manifesta, especialmente, no ímpeto sensacionista de experimentar tudo e na analogia entre o poeta e Deus. Herdeiro do Decadentismo, Campos não consegue manter o discurso vitalista e dinamista e, frequentemente, um tom depressivo invade os textos. Nessas ocasiões, o eu lírico, em vez de estar marcado pela vontade de potência, assume uma feição decadente, que predominará na fase posterior. Pretendemos demonstrar que, apesar do cansaço, do tédio, da letargia e da lucidez, há, no Campos disfórico, uma vontade de potência. A fim de examinarmos os poemas do poeta eufórico, nos apoiaremos no conceito de intertextualidade, recorrendo aos estudos de Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gerárd Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés e Tiphaine Samoyault. Com vistas à percepção do modo como o heterônimo ressignifica o legado de Whitman e Nietzsche, seguiremos, na análise, a metodologia comparatista de busca das analogias e das diferenças. Serão de grande valia as formulações de George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço e Octavio Paz, entre outros. Na mesma proporção, serão importantes, para a compreensão do Campos disfórico, as colocações de Nietzsche acerca do niilismo e os argumentos de Steiner a respeito da tristeza inerente ao pensamento. Urdida com os influxos de Nietzsche e Whitman, a vontade de potência leva Campos, tal como os antecessores, a considerar-se divino. Entretanto, por ser demasiado consciente, Campos não pode persistir na embriaguez do Sensacionismo. Resta-lhe, então, manifestar a vontade de potência através da ideia de permanência da obra. / This paper analyzes the production of Álvaro de Campos - heteronym of Fernando Pessoa - in relation to two strong lines: the poetry of Walt Whitman and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. It seeks to prove that the poems of the second phase, the euphoric, are invested with a power to will which is manifested especially in the sensationist impetus to try everything and in the analogy between the American bard and the philosopher. Heir to the Decadentism, Campos cannot keep the vitalist and dynamistic discourse and often a depressing tone pervades his texts. On these occasions, the lyrical, rather than being marked by the will to power, assumes a decadent feature, which will predominate in the later stage. We intend to show that, despite the fatigue, boredom, lethargy and lucidity, there is in the dysphoric Campos a power to will. In order to examine the poems of the euphoric poet we will seek support in the concept of intertextuality, using the studies of Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gérard Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés and Tiphaine Samoyault. With the objective of perceiving how the heteronym gives new meaning to legacy of Whitman and Nietzsche, we will follow in the analysis, the comparative methodology of search of analogies and differences. Of great value will be the approaches of George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço and Octavio Paz, among others. In the same proportion, will be important for the understanding of the dysphoric Campos, the collocations of Nietzsche on nihilism and Steiner's arguments about the inherent sadness in thought. Warped with inflows of Nietzsche and Whitman, the will to power leads Campos, like his predecessors, to consider himself divine. However, because he is too conscious Campos cannot persist in the intoxication of Sensationism. Then, he left with expressing the will to power through the idea of the permanence of the work. / Este trabajo analiza la producción de Álvaro de Campos – heterónimo de Fernando Pessoa – en relación a dos líneas de fuerza: la poesía de Walt Whitman y la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche. Busca comprobar que los poemas de la segunda fase, la eufórica, a causa del prolífico diálogo con el bardo norte-americano y el filósofo, están investidos de una voluntad de potencia, la cual se manifiesta, especialmente, en el ímpetu sensacionista de probarlo todo y en la analogía entre el poeta y Dios. Heredero del Decadentismo, Campos no consigue mantener el discurso vitalista y dinamista y, frecuentemente, un tono depresivo invade los textos. En esas ocasiones, el yo lírico, en lugar de presentar voluntad de potencia, manifiesta rasgos decadentes, que dominarán en la fase siguiente. Pretendemos mostrar que, no obstante el cansancio, el hastío, el abatimiento y la lucidez, hay, en el Campos depresivo, una voluntad de potencia. A fin de examinar los poemas del poeta eufórico, nos basaremos en el concepto de intertextualidad, recurriendo a los estudios de Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gerárd Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés y Tiphaine Samoyault. Con el objetivo de percibir el modo como el poeta resignifica la herencia de Whitman y Nietzsche, adoptaremos, en el análisis, la metodología comparatista de la búsqueda de las analogías y de las diferencias. Serán muy valiosos los aportes de George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço y Octavio Paz, entre otros. Del mismo modo, serán importantes, en el abordaje del Campos depresivo, las aserciones de Nietzsche con respecto al nihilismo y los argumentos de Steiner en relación a la tristeza inherente al pensamiento. Entretejida con los influjos de Whitman y Nietzsche, la voluntad de potencia conduce Campos, a ejemplo de los antecesores, a considerarse divino. Sin embargo, demasiado consciente, Campos no puede seguir en la ebriedad del Sensacionismo. Quédale, pues, manifestar la voluntad de potencia a través de la idea de permanencia de la obra.

Este trabalho se propõe a investigar os principais aspectos do niilismo no interior da obra de Friedrich Nietzsche; em que medida tal questão ocuparia um lugar fundamental na obra do filósofo, e de modo esta se coloca como uma possibilidade de solução superação - frente aos impasses que este problema significou. / This work intends to investigate the principle aspects of nihilism inside Friedrich Nietzsches work; how this matter has a fundamental task inside the philosophers work, and how it put itself as a solution overcome to the difficulties that nihilism have brought.

Este trabalho analisa a produção de Álvaro de Campos – heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa – em relação a duas linhas de força: a poesia de Walt Whitman e a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche. Busca comprovar que os poemas da segunda fase, a eufórica, em virtude do prolífico diálogo com o bardo norte-americano e o filósofo, estão investidos de uma vontade de potência, a qual se manifesta, especialmente, no ímpeto sensacionista de experimentar tudo e na analogia entre o poeta e Deus. Herdeiro do Decadentismo, Campos não consegue manter o discurso vitalista e dinamista e, frequentemente, um tom depressivo invade os textos. Nessas ocasiões, o eu lírico, em vez de estar marcado pela vontade de potência, assume uma feição decadente, que predominará na fase posterior. Pretendemos demonstrar que, apesar do cansaço, do tédio, da letargia e da lucidez, há, no Campos disfórico, uma vontade de potência. A fim de examinarmos os poemas do poeta eufórico, nos apoiaremos no conceito de intertextualidade, recorrendo aos estudos de Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gerárd Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés e Tiphaine Samoyault. Com vistas à percepção do modo como o heterônimo ressignifica o legado de Whitman e Nietzsche, seguiremos, na análise, a metodologia comparatista de busca das analogias e das diferenças. Serão de grande valia as formulações de George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço e Octavio Paz, entre outros. Na mesma proporção, serão importantes, para a compreensão do Campos disfórico, as colocações de Nietzsche acerca do niilismo e os argumentos de Steiner a respeito da tristeza inerente ao pensamento. Urdida com os influxos de Nietzsche e Whitman, a vontade de potência leva Campos, tal como os antecessores, a considerar-se divino. Entretanto, por ser demasiado consciente, Campos não pode persistir na embriaguez do Sensacionismo. Resta-lhe, então, manifestar a vontade de potência através da ideia de permanência da obra. / This paper analyzes the production of Álvaro de Campos - heteronym of Fernando Pessoa - in relation to two strong lines: the poetry of Walt Whitman and the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. It seeks to prove that the poems of the second phase, the euphoric, are invested with a power to will which is manifested especially in the sensationist impetus to try everything and in the analogy between the American bard and the philosopher. Heir to the Decadentism, Campos cannot keep the vitalist and dynamistic discourse and often a depressing tone pervades his texts. On these occasions, the lyrical, rather than being marked by the will to power, assumes a decadent feature, which will predominate in the later stage. We intend to show that, despite the fatigue, boredom, lethargy and lucidity, there is in the dysphoric Campos a power to will. In order to examine the poems of the euphoric poet we will seek support in the concept of intertextuality, using the studies of Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gérard Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés and Tiphaine Samoyault. With the objective of perceiving how the heteronym gives new meaning to legacy of Whitman and Nietzsche, we will follow in the analysis, the comparative methodology of search of analogies and differences. Of great value will be the approaches of George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço and Octavio Paz, among others. In the same proportion, will be important for the understanding of the dysphoric Campos, the collocations of Nietzsche on nihilism and Steiner's arguments about the inherent sadness in thought. Warped with inflows of Nietzsche and Whitman, the will to power leads Campos, like his predecessors, to consider himself divine. However, because he is too conscious Campos cannot persist in the intoxication of Sensationism. Then, he left with expressing the will to power through the idea of the permanence of the work. / Este trabajo analiza la producción de Álvaro de Campos – heterónimo de Fernando Pessoa – en relación a dos líneas de fuerza: la poesía de Walt Whitman y la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche. Busca comprobar que los poemas de la segunda fase, la eufórica, a causa del prolífico diálogo con el bardo norte-americano y el filósofo, están investidos de una voluntad de potencia, la cual se manifiesta, especialmente, en el ímpetu sensacionista de probarlo todo y en la analogía entre el poeta y Dios. Heredero del Decadentismo, Campos no consigue mantener el discurso vitalista y dinamista y, frecuentemente, un tono depresivo invade los textos. En esas ocasiones, el yo lírico, en lugar de presentar voluntad de potencia, manifiesta rasgos decadentes, que dominarán en la fase siguiente. Pretendemos mostrar que, no obstante el cansancio, el hastío, el abatimiento y la lucidez, hay, en el Campos depresivo, una voluntad de potencia. A fin de examinar los poemas del poeta eufórico, nos basaremos en el concepto de intertextualidad, recurriendo a los estudios de Kristeva, Bakhtin, Laurent Jenny, Gerárd Genette, Leyla Perrone-Moisés y Tiphaine Samoyault. Con el objetivo de percibir el modo como el poeta resignifica la herencia de Whitman y Nietzsche, adoptaremos, en el análisis, la metodología comparatista de la búsqueda de las analogías y de las diferencias. Serán muy valiosos los aportes de George Steiner, Eduardo Lourenço y Octavio Paz, entre otros. Del mismo modo, serán importantes, en el abordaje del Campos depresivo, las aserciones de Nietzsche con respecto al nihilismo y los argumentos de Steiner en relación a la tristeza inherente al pensamiento. Entretejida con los influjos de Whitman y Nietzsche, la voluntad de potencia conduce Campos, a ejemplo de los antecesores, a considerarse divino. Sin embargo, demasiado consciente, Campos no puede seguir en la ebriedad del Sensacionismo. Quédale, pues, manifestar la voluntad de potencia a través de la idea de permanencia de la obra.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marioni Fischer de Mello.pdf: 1091219 bytes, checksum: 8d6e08cb8eb7a831a37409fbaf6bdfb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Peering into the last period of Nietzschean writings, it is clear that the philosopher, through his critique of metaphysics, deepens the antagonism against his time. In this context, the objective of this study is to show that Nietzschean phisiopsychology constitutes an investigative procedure that establishes the conditions for the emergence of a "philosophy of the future", i.e. that what, for purposes of this study, is called a true "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). This task requires the overcoming of metaphysics, enabling the emergence of new philosophers committed to life. Therefore, in the first chapter, we sought to investigate the multiple senses in which Nietzsche uses the term psychology and the proper meaning of Nietzschean phisiopsychology, and took into consideration the Nietzscheanmeaning of physiology: a dynamic of struggle of impulses for more power. Beyond the duality body/soul, Nietzsche proposes a phisiopsychology as morphology and developmental theory of the will to power. In the second chapter, the intention is to clarify what the philosopher meant by metaphysics and show that its phisiopsychology is the antagonistic procedure to that used by the dogmatics pursuing absolute truths. In the third chapter, we proceed to phisiopsychological research on metaphysics, seeking to understand what is their role in the emergence of the "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). To elucidate these aspects, the research focused on the work Beyond Good and Evil (Jenseits von Gut und Böse, 1885/86). This procedure is justified because it is in this text that Nietzsche explicitly refers to his notion of phisiopsychology, though, as investigation of symptoms, it has been steadily used by the philosopher. Moreover, it is in Beyond Good and Evil that Nietzsche, having performed his positive task in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, contemplates his negative task of destroying prevailing values, aiming at the emergence of the philosophers of the future. The subtitle of the book, it should be remembered, is Prelude to a philosophy of the future. The task which is imposed on Nietzsche is to create new values, breaking the Platonic-Christian moral that founded the metaphysics and pointing to the "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). This philosophy of the future devotes life as a criterion, states coming-to-be and change, rejecting fixed and transcendent notions. To Nietzsche, a separation between psychology and physiology are also dependent of the metaphysical duality of absolute qualitative opposites. The Nietzschean phisiopsychology is a first step toward the "philosophy of effectiveness"(Wirklichkeit). / Ao perscrutar o último período dos escritos nietzschianos percebe-se que o filósofo, por meio de sua crítica à metafísica, aprofunda o antagonismo contra sua época. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar que a fisiopsicologia nietzschiana é o procedimento investigativo que estabelece as condições para o surgimento de uma filosofia do futuro , ou seja, de uma autêntica filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Essa tarefa pressupõe a superação da metafísica, possibilitando o surgimento de novos filósofos comprometidos com a vida. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo buscou-se investigar os múltiplos sentidos nos quais Nietzsche emprega o termo psicologia e o significado propriamente nietzschiano de fisiopsicologia, e levou-se em consideração a acepção nietzschiana de fisiologia: a dinâmica da luta dos impulsos por mais potência. Nietzsche propõe uma fisiopsicologia, para além da dualidade corpo/alma, enquanto morfologia e teoria do desenvolvimento da vontade de potência. No segundo capítulo a intenção é elucidar o que o filósofo entende por metafísica e mostrar que a sua fisiopsicologia é o procedimento antagônico àquele utilizado pelos dogmáticos na busca das verdades absolutas. No terceiro capítulo procede-se a investigação fisiopsicológica da metafísica, buscando-se entender qual o seu papel no surgimento da filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Para elucidar estes aspectos a pesquisa concentrar-se-á na obra Além de bem e mal - Jenseits von Gut und Böse,1885/86). Este procedimento justifica-se porque é nesse texto que Nietzsche refere-se explicitamente à sua noção de fisiopsicologia, embora, enquanto investigação de sintomas, ela já venha e continue sendo utilizada pelo filósofo. Além disso, é em Além de bem e mal que Nietzsche, após ter realizado sua tarefa positiva em Assim falava Zaratustra, considera realizar sua tarefa negativa de destruição dos valores vigentes, visando ao surgimento dos filósofos do futuro. O subtítulo da obra, deve-se lembrar é Prelúdio a uma filosofia do futuro . A tarefa que se impõe a Nietzsche é criar novos valores, rompendo com a moral platônico-cristã que fundou a metafísica e apontando para o que, para fins deste estudo, se chamou filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Essa filosofia do futuro consagra a vida como critério, afirma o vir-a-ser e a mudança, rejeitando as noções fixas e transcendentes. Para Nietzsche, uma separação entre psicologia e fisiologia também é tributária das dualidades metafísicas de opostos qualitativos absolutos. A fisiopsicologia nietzschiana é um primeiro passo em direção à filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) .

L'ambition de cette thèse est de faire dialoguer deux pensées philosophiques qui au premier abord semblent radicalement différentes : la première phase, essentiellement américaine, du mouvement pragmatiste, et d'autre part, un penseur atypique, qui présente la particularité de se détourner de la quasi-totalité de la tradition philosophique antérieure. Par leur inscription géographique, par leur manière de procéder, ces deux pensées semblent appartenir à des mondes radicalement disjoints.Que pourraient se dire nos deux philosophes-« psychologues », Nietzsche et William James au sujet de la philosophie elle-même ? Leurs paroles pourraient-elles se croiser quelque part dans un univers philosophique âgé de plus de deux millénaires ? Ces deux philosophes, l'un inventeur du terme du « bon européen » et l'autre, considéré comme le philosophe américain par excellence et en même temps le plus européen des philosophes américains, ont-ils quelques mots à partager ? Que peut-il y avoir en commun chez ces deux philosophes, sauf à être considérés par Mussolini comme ses maîtres de philosophie à côté de Sorel ?Et enfin, dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d'un pragmatisme nietzschéen ? Ya-t-il des éléments dans la pensée de Nietzsche nous permettant de faire un rapprochement entre sa pensée et le pragmatisme jamesien ? Si la réponse à la question est positive, jusqu'où peuvent aller les similarités de leurs positions philosophiques ? C'est à ces questions que nous essayons de répondre dans cette étude. / The object of this thesis is to open a dialogue between two philosophical thoughts, which, at first glance, seem to be fundamentally different in many respects: on the one hand, the earlier period of pragmatist movement mainly represented by William James; and on the other,an atypical philosopher who has the distinction of turning away from all the previous philosophical tradition, Friedrich Nietzsche. The central questions of these two philosophers and their way of practicing philosophy represent two philosophical worlds radically different. However, several philosophers and authors have already drawn some interesting analogies between Nietzsche and James without debating the issue in depth. What could say our two “psychologists” philosophers, Nietzsche and James about philosophy itself? Their words might they intersect somewhere in a philosophical universe older than two millennia? These two philosophers, one the inventor of the term "good European" and the other, considered as the American philosopher par excellence and also the most European of American philosophers; do they have a few words to share? What can there be in common between these two philosophers, except to be considered by Mussolini as his philosophical masters alongside Sorel?And finally, to what extent one can speak of a Nietzscheanpragmatism? These are some of the questions that we address in this thesis in order to initiate the debate between Nietzsche and James.

Le sentiment de puissance est un philosophème employé par Nietzsche depuis 1875 jusqu’aux derniers textes de 1888 ; quoique souvent méconnu, il s’agit d’un concept à part entière. Il est élaboré avant celui de volonté de puissance et n’est pas supplanté par celui-ci, contrairement à ce que la publication – posthume et falsifiée – de l’ouvrage éponyme à partir de notes éparses du philosophe, ainsi qu’une longue tradition de commentaires, ont pu laisser penser. Le présent travail constitue la première étude entièrement consacrée au concept de sentiment de puissance. L’attention portée sur ses évolutions au sein du corpus nietzschéen permet à la fois d’en faire ressortir les principaux enjeux, sans le plier systématiquement au cadre conceptuel de la volonté de puissance, et par conséquent de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur la volonté de puissance aussi, ainsi que sur l’articulation des deux à partir de leur genèse commune. Le sentiment de puissance représente une autre approche, alternative et complémentaire de la volonté de puissance, des phénomènes de puissance et d’impuissance en général. La notion de sentiment applique ce que nous appelons un prisme affectif et herméneutique aux relations de puissance : toute puissance, personnelle ou extérieure à l’individu, est sentie et interprétée, de manière plus ou moins adéquate ou erronée, et selon des modalités diverses dont Nietzsche dresse tacitement la typologie. Ainsi entendu, le sentiment de puissance permet d’évaluer à nouveaux frais l’ensemble de la compréhension nietzschéenne du monde conçu comme rapports de forces, ainsi que les concepts clés de sa philosophie. / The feeling of power is a philosopheme used by Nietzsche between 1875 and 1888; though it has remained largely unknown, it is a full-fledged concept. It has been formulated before the concept of will to power and has not been superseded by it, contrary to what the – posthumous and falsified – publication of the eponym book based on scattered notes of the philosopher, as well as an important tradition of commentaries, might suggest. The present work is the first study dedicated entirely to the concept of feeling of power. By attending to the concept’s evolution, this study brings out its main issues without systematically bending it to the conceptual framework of the will to power. Consequently, it sheds new light on the will to power and on the connections between the two concepts. The feeling of power represents another approach, alternative and complementary to the will to power, to the phenomena of power and powerlessness in general. The notion of feeling applies what we call an affective and hermeneutical prism to power relationships: any power, whether personal or external to the individual, is felt and interpreted in a manner more or less accurate, and according to several modalities of which Nietzsche provided tacitly a typological description. Understood in this way, the feeling of power enables us to reevaluate the whole Nietzschean comprehension of the world conceived as balances of powers, alongside the key concepts of his philosophy.

This Ph.D. thesis aims to clarify the notion of will of Arthur Schopenhauer in a historical context. The understanding of will in Schopenhauer's predecessors - Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel - will also be covered. The paper will try to discover what impact their notion of will had on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is the topic of the second, most important part of the thesis. It will present Schopenhauer's understanding of the world as will and idea. According to Schopenhauer, everything in the world is subordinate to causal laws, which the thesis also presents. There are even more topics to be covered - the partition of the world to subject and objects, which exist only for the subject, examples of manifestation of the will in nature and different branches of science, the impossibility of freedom and so on. Our attention will also be focused on what impact Schopenhauer's notion of will had on his aethetics and ethics. The last part deals with the voluntarism of Friedrich Nietzsche, who transforms Schopenhauer's pessimistic notion of a cruel will to life to an optimistic will to power. In relation to this, several topics will be covered - ressentiment as a consequence of the massive spread of slave morality, the cruitique of Christianity and Nietzsche's expectation of the overman's arrival.

The Thesis aims to explore the problem of Freedom and Creativity in Nietzsche. It attempts to do so in respect to the two main concepts of his high and late writings. Concept of Superman and concept of the Eternal recurrence of the same. In this respect our text follows especially interpretations of Martin Heidegger. We begin our treatise with situating Nietzsche's concept of freedom among more traditional thought and we put emphasis on comparison of it to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In the next phase we reject (with Martin Heidegger and Ivan Dubský) simplifying understanding of the Eternal reccurence which understands it as dull determinism. We also analyse the topic of Creativity in Nietzsche and introduce it as fundamental anthropological theme. In the following chapters we identify certain moods that allow us to experience perspective of the Eternal reccurence and the one of Superman, which gives us chance to understand both concepts in their connection. But this connection remains enigmatic and in the last chapter we try, with help of Kierkegaard's concept of the moment, to understand both thoughts in their complementarity not only united in the concept of creativity, but also through Nietzsche's concept of the moment, understood as the original understanding of one of the aspects of...

No description available.

The first part of this thesis makes the task to illuminate Nietzsche 's basic concepts, as is "The Will of Power", "Superman" and The Eternal Return" to be understood as the most directly substance of his basic filosophic views. This understanding is a necessary assumption for the second part. Its intention is refer the connection of Nietzsche with this age. It opens question for ethos. The author talks about ontologic diference and its connection in relation to a man of today in the third part. The ethos at thinker do not find it finally, and so it forges to fourth part to only possible relevant step forward. Though it is finding etics in source of every man as background from postmodern 's nihilism. The aim of the thesis is to show not only that Niezzsche destroyed ethical values. These values were inculcated by institutions of power for a long time. By this destroying, he created the bridge to finding himself. It is task and postmodern still does not mature to it, but environment has already been ready here.