Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marioni Fischer de Mello.pdf: 1091219 bytes, checksum: 8d6e08cb8eb7a831a37409fbaf6bdfb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Peering into the last period of Nietzschean writings, it is clear that the philosopher, through his critique of metaphysics, deepens the antagonism against his time. In this context, the objective of this study is to show that Nietzschean phisiopsychology constitutes an investigative procedure that establishes the conditions for the emergence of a "philosophy of the future", i.e. that what, for purposes of this study, is called a true "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). This task requires the overcoming of metaphysics, enabling the emergence of new philosophers committed to life. Therefore, in the first chapter, we sought to investigate the multiple senses in which Nietzsche uses the term psychology and the proper meaning of Nietzschean phisiopsychology, and took into consideration the Nietzscheanmeaning of physiology: a dynamic of struggle of impulses for more power. Beyond the duality body/soul, Nietzsche proposes a phisiopsychology as morphology and developmental theory of the will to power. In the second chapter, the intention is to clarify what the philosopher meant by metaphysics and show that its phisiopsychology is the antagonistic procedure to that used by the dogmatics pursuing absolute truths. In the third chapter, we proceed to phisiopsychological research on metaphysics, seeking to understand what is their role in the emergence of the "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). To elucidate these aspects, the research focused on the work Beyond Good and Evil (Jenseits von Gut und Böse, 1885/86). This procedure is justified because it is in this text that Nietzsche explicitly refers to his notion of phisiopsychology, though, as investigation of symptoms, it has been steadily used by the philosopher. Moreover, it is in Beyond Good and Evil that Nietzsche, having performed his positive task in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, contemplates his negative task of destroying prevailing values, aiming at the emergence of the philosophers of the future. The subtitle of the book, it should be remembered, is Prelude to a philosophy of the future. The task which is imposed on Nietzsche is to create new values, breaking the Platonic-Christian moral that founded the metaphysics and pointing to the "philosophy of effectiveness" (Wirklichkeit). This philosophy of the future devotes life as a criterion, states coming-to-be and change, rejecting fixed and transcendent notions. To Nietzsche, a separation between psychology and physiology are also dependent of the metaphysical duality of absolute qualitative opposites. The Nietzschean phisiopsychology is a first step toward the "philosophy of effectiveness"(Wirklichkeit). / Ao perscrutar o último período dos escritos nietzschianos percebe-se que o filósofo, por meio de sua crítica à metafísica, aprofunda o antagonismo contra sua época. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar que a fisiopsicologia nietzschiana é o procedimento investigativo que estabelece as condições para o surgimento de uma filosofia do futuro , ou seja, de uma autêntica filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Essa tarefa pressupõe a superação da metafísica, possibilitando o surgimento de novos filósofos comprometidos com a vida. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo buscou-se investigar os múltiplos sentidos nos quais Nietzsche emprega o termo psicologia e o significado propriamente nietzschiano de fisiopsicologia, e levou-se em consideração a acepção nietzschiana de fisiologia: a dinâmica da luta dos impulsos por mais potência. Nietzsche propõe uma fisiopsicologia, para além da dualidade corpo/alma, enquanto morfologia e teoria do desenvolvimento da vontade de potência. No segundo capítulo a intenção é elucidar o que o filósofo entende por metafísica e mostrar que a sua fisiopsicologia é o procedimento antagônico àquele utilizado pelos dogmáticos na busca das verdades absolutas. No terceiro capítulo procede-se a investigação fisiopsicológica da metafísica, buscando-se entender qual o seu papel no surgimento da filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Para elucidar estes aspectos a pesquisa concentrar-se-á na obra Além de bem e mal - Jenseits von Gut und Böse,1885/86). Este procedimento justifica-se porque é nesse texto que Nietzsche refere-se explicitamente à sua noção de fisiopsicologia, embora, enquanto investigação de sintomas, ela já venha e continue sendo utilizada pelo filósofo. Além disso, é em Além de bem e mal que Nietzsche, após ter realizado sua tarefa positiva em Assim falava Zaratustra, considera realizar sua tarefa negativa de destruição dos valores vigentes, visando ao surgimento dos filósofos do futuro. O subtítulo da obra, deve-se lembrar é Prelúdio a uma filosofia do futuro . A tarefa que se impõe a Nietzsche é criar novos valores, rompendo com a moral platônico-cristã que fundou a metafísica e apontando para o que, para fins deste estudo, se chamou filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) . Essa filosofia do futuro consagra a vida como critério, afirma o vir-a-ser e a mudança, rejeitando as noções fixas e transcendentes. Para Nietzsche, uma separação entre psicologia e fisiologia também é tributária das dualidades metafísicas de opostos qualitativos absolutos. A fisiopsicologia nietzschiana é um primeiro passo em direção à filosofia da efetividade (Wirklichkeit) .

L'ambition de cette thèse est de faire dialoguer deux pensées philosophiques qui au premier abord semblent radicalement différentes : la première phase, essentiellement américaine, du mouvement pragmatiste, et d'autre part, un penseur atypique, qui présente la particularité de se détourner de la quasi-totalité de la tradition philosophique antérieure. Par leur inscription géographique, par leur manière de procéder, ces deux pensées semblent appartenir à des mondes radicalement disjoints.Que pourraient se dire nos deux philosophes-« psychologues », Nietzsche et William James au sujet de la philosophie elle-même ? Leurs paroles pourraient-elles se croiser quelque part dans un univers philosophique âgé de plus de deux millénaires ? Ces deux philosophes, l'un inventeur du terme du « bon européen » et l'autre, considéré comme le philosophe américain par excellence et en même temps le plus européen des philosophes américains, ont-ils quelques mots à partager ? Que peut-il y avoir en commun chez ces deux philosophes, sauf à être considérés par Mussolini comme ses maîtres de philosophie à côté de Sorel ?Et enfin, dans quelle mesure peut-on parler d'un pragmatisme nietzschéen ? Ya-t-il des éléments dans la pensée de Nietzsche nous permettant de faire un rapprochement entre sa pensée et le pragmatisme jamesien ? Si la réponse à la question est positive, jusqu'où peuvent aller les similarités de leurs positions philosophiques ? C'est à ces questions que nous essayons de répondre dans cette étude. / The object of this thesis is to open a dialogue between two philosophical thoughts, which, at first glance, seem to be fundamentally different in many respects: on the one hand, the earlier period of pragmatist movement mainly represented by William James; and on the other,an atypical philosopher who has the distinction of turning away from all the previous philosophical tradition, Friedrich Nietzsche. The central questions of these two philosophers and their way of practicing philosophy represent two philosophical worlds radically different. However, several philosophers and authors have already drawn some interesting analogies between Nietzsche and James without debating the issue in depth. What could say our two “psychologists” philosophers, Nietzsche and James about philosophy itself? Their words might they intersect somewhere in a philosophical universe older than two millennia? These two philosophers, one the inventor of the term "good European" and the other, considered as the American philosopher par excellence and also the most European of American philosophers; do they have a few words to share? What can there be in common between these two philosophers, except to be considered by Mussolini as his philosophical masters alongside Sorel?And finally, to what extent one can speak of a Nietzscheanpragmatism? These are some of the questions that we address in this thesis in order to initiate the debate between Nietzsche and James.

Le sentiment de puissance est un philosophème employé par Nietzsche depuis 1875 jusqu’aux derniers textes de 1888 ; quoique souvent méconnu, il s’agit d’un concept à part entière. Il est élaboré avant celui de volonté de puissance et n’est pas supplanté par celui-ci, contrairement à ce que la publication – posthume et falsifiée – de l’ouvrage éponyme à partir de notes éparses du philosophe, ainsi qu’une longue tradition de commentaires, ont pu laisser penser. Le présent travail constitue la première étude entièrement consacrée au concept de sentiment de puissance. L’attention portée sur ses évolutions au sein du corpus nietzschéen permet à la fois d’en faire ressortir les principaux enjeux, sans le plier systématiquement au cadre conceptuel de la volonté de puissance, et par conséquent de jeter une nouvelle lumière sur la volonté de puissance aussi, ainsi que sur l’articulation des deux à partir de leur genèse commune. Le sentiment de puissance représente une autre approche, alternative et complémentaire de la volonté de puissance, des phénomènes de puissance et d’impuissance en général. La notion de sentiment applique ce que nous appelons un prisme affectif et herméneutique aux relations de puissance : toute puissance, personnelle ou extérieure à l’individu, est sentie et interprétée, de manière plus ou moins adéquate ou erronée, et selon des modalités diverses dont Nietzsche dresse tacitement la typologie. Ainsi entendu, le sentiment de puissance permet d’évaluer à nouveaux frais l’ensemble de la compréhension nietzschéenne du monde conçu comme rapports de forces, ainsi que les concepts clés de sa philosophie. / The feeling of power is a philosopheme used by Nietzsche between 1875 and 1888; though it has remained largely unknown, it is a full-fledged concept. It has been formulated before the concept of will to power and has not been superseded by it, contrary to what the – posthumous and falsified – publication of the eponym book based on scattered notes of the philosopher, as well as an important tradition of commentaries, might suggest. The present work is the first study dedicated entirely to the concept of feeling of power. By attending to the concept’s evolution, this study brings out its main issues without systematically bending it to the conceptual framework of the will to power. Consequently, it sheds new light on the will to power and on the connections between the two concepts. The feeling of power represents another approach, alternative and complementary to the will to power, to the phenomena of power and powerlessness in general. The notion of feeling applies what we call an affective and hermeneutical prism to power relationships: any power, whether personal or external to the individual, is felt and interpreted in a manner more or less accurate, and according to several modalities of which Nietzsche provided tacitly a typological description. Understood in this way, the feeling of power enables us to reevaluate the whole Nietzschean comprehension of the world conceived as balances of powers, alongside the key concepts of his philosophy.

This Ph.D. thesis aims to clarify the notion of will of Arthur Schopenhauer in a historical context. The understanding of will in Schopenhauer's predecessors - Descartes, Leibniz, Kant and Hegel - will also be covered. The paper will try to discover what impact their notion of will had on Schopenhauer's philosophy, which is the topic of the second, most important part of the thesis. It will present Schopenhauer's understanding of the world as will and idea. According to Schopenhauer, everything in the world is subordinate to causal laws, which the thesis also presents. There are even more topics to be covered - the partition of the world to subject and objects, which exist only for the subject, examples of manifestation of the will in nature and different branches of science, the impossibility of freedom and so on. Our attention will also be focused on what impact Schopenhauer's notion of will had on his aethetics and ethics. The last part deals with the voluntarism of Friedrich Nietzsche, who transforms Schopenhauer's pessimistic notion of a cruel will to life to an optimistic will to power. In relation to this, several topics will be covered - ressentiment as a consequence of the massive spread of slave morality, the cruitique of Christianity and Nietzsche's expectation of the overman's arrival.

The Thesis aims to explore the problem of Freedom and Creativity in Nietzsche. It attempts to do so in respect to the two main concepts of his high and late writings. Concept of Superman and concept of the Eternal recurrence of the same. In this respect our text follows especially interpretations of Martin Heidegger. We begin our treatise with situating Nietzsche's concept of freedom among more traditional thought and we put emphasis on comparison of it to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza. In the next phase we reject (with Martin Heidegger and Ivan Dubský) simplifying understanding of the Eternal reccurence which understands it as dull determinism. We also analyse the topic of Creativity in Nietzsche and introduce it as fundamental anthropological theme. In the following chapters we identify certain moods that allow us to experience perspective of the Eternal reccurence and the one of Superman, which gives us chance to understand both concepts in their connection. But this connection remains enigmatic and in the last chapter we try, with help of Kierkegaard's concept of the moment, to understand both thoughts in their complementarity not only united in the concept of creativity, but also through Nietzsche's concept of the moment, understood as the original understanding of one of the aspects of...

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Die Krise der Philosophie, die Nietzsche diagnostiziert hat, ist eine Krise der Abstraktheit der Philosophie, einer Philosophie, die nicht mehr als existenziale Luft des Lebens und als existenziale Atmung des Menschen funktioniert. Für Nietzsche ist die Konkretheit als Begriff im Verhältnis mit der wirklichen Lebenswelt des Menschen nicht bloß die Diagnose der Krise des Lebens, sondern eine Philosophie der Heilung, die der Handlung eines Arztes entspricht. In Nietzsches Philosophie als Gesundheitsphilosophie wird die Krankheit als eine Chance bestimmt, wieder gesund werden zu können. Das heißt, die Krankheit ist ein wichtiger Grund für die Hoffnung auf Gesundheit und die Gesundheit ist eine wichtige Antwort auf den Sinn der Krankheit. / The Crisis of Philosophy that Nietzsche has diagnosed, is a Crisis of the Abstractness of Philosophy, a Philosophy that no longer functions as the existential air of Life and existential Breath of Humans. For Nietzsche the Concreteness as understood as a Conceptual unit is in Proportion with the real Life and World of Humans not only the diagnosis of the Crisis of Life, but a Philosophy of Healing, which corresponds to the Cure of a Doctor. In Nietzsche''s Philosophy as a Philosophy of Health the disease is determined as a chance to be Healthy once more. Disease is an important reason for the Hope of Health and Health is an important Response to the sense of the disease.

The first part of this thesis makes the task to illuminate Nietzsche 's basic concepts, as is "The Will of Power", "Superman" and The Eternal Return" to be understood as the most directly substance of his basic filosophic views. This understanding is a necessary assumption for the second part. Its intention is refer the connection of Nietzsche with this age. It opens question for ethos. The author talks about ontologic diference and its connection in relation to a man of today in the third part. The ethos at thinker do not find it finally, and so it forges to fourth part to only possible relevant step forward. Though it is finding etics in source of every man as background from postmodern 's nihilism. The aim of the thesis is to show not only that Niezzsche destroyed ethical values. These values were inculcated by institutions of power for a long time. By this destroying, he created the bridge to finding himself. It is task and postmodern still does not mature to it, but environment has already been ready here.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-07T15:42:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelo.pdf: 418525 bytes, checksum: be7af0f40e05e066da5fc931e392159c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T15:42:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelo.pdf: 418525 bytes, checksum: be7af0f40e05e066da5fc931e392159c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-29 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho apresenta a gênese do conceito de Deus no homem, segundo a interpretação que fazemos da filosofia de Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Através do título “O nascimento de Deus segundo Nietzsche”, procuramos mostrar como pôde surgir, conforme o filósofo, a crença no conceito de Deus, interpretando-a como resultado de uma determinada hierarquia de forças e de vontade de poder, as quais caracterizam a espécie humana. Ao abordar o tema da gênese da ideia moral de Deus, podemos perceber que Nietzsche não conta a história do surgimento de uma entidade metafísica. O que ele investiga em obras como a “Genealogia da moral” é, sobretudo, como o conceito e o sentimento de Deus no homem nasceu e se desenvolveu no curso do tempo, levando sempre em consideração o tipo de forças e de vontade de poder que estão por trás desse desenvolvimento. Para empreender essa proposta, utilizamos textos do próprio Nietzsche, com ênfase nas obras e escritos das chamadas segunda e terceira fases de seu pensamento, mais precisamente, das obras e escritos a partir de “Humano, demasiado humano”, de 1878. Incluem-se, portanto, os textos e escritos que vão de 1878 até 1889, tanto os que constam nas obras publicadas durante a vida de Nietzsche, quanto nas publicadas após a sua morte, entre elas, a edição da obra “A vontade de poder”, de 1906, publicada por Kröner, com 1067 aforismos. Também fizemos uso de alguns comentadores quando suas posições se mostraram relevantes para a compreensão desses escritos. / This paper presents the genesis of the concept of God in man, according to the interpretation we make of the philosophy of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. Through the title "The birth of God according to Nietzsche”, we show how it might arise, according to the philosopher, the belief in the concept of God, interpreting it as a result of a certain hierarchy of forces and will to power to characterize the human species. Addressing the issue of the genesis of the moral idea of God, we realize that Nietzsche does not tell the story of the emergence of a metaphysical entity. What he investigates in works such as "Genealogy of Morals" is, above all, as the concept and feeling of God in man was born and developed in the course of time, always taking into consideration the type of forces and will to power behind this development. To undertake this proposal, we use Nietzsche's own texts, with emphasis on the works and writings of so-called second and third phases of his thought, more accurately, works and writings from "Human, All Too Human," 1878. Included are therefore texts and writings ranging from 1878 to 1889, both appearing in works published during the life of Nietzsche, as in published after his death, among them the issue of "The will to power, "1906, published by Kröner, 1067 with aphorisms. We also made use of some commentators when their positions were relevant to the understanding of these writings.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SSO - Monique Borba Cerqueira.pdf: 1545621 bytes, checksum: 5763b7500fe4e136e701fe93e39e5484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-11 / The wide variety of classification concepts used to characterize the poor has been accompanied by a rationale that admonishes them, idealizes them or execrates them. Beyond linking poverty to material and social destitution, its most apparent form of manifestation relates to a contemptible situation that is engendered by a moral universe where people are standardized, as a means to belittle the many dimensions of life of the so-called poor . This is how poverty, as a driving force, soars and spills over on to talks, settings and subjectivities, thus identifying itself with a vast set of practices that conforms to its frames, designations and recreations that are inherent to subalternity. The present study aims to deconstruct the powerlessness of the poor and highlights the instance of domination to which they are subjected by discussing the legitimacy of the moral construct that shapes and defines the configuration of the poor. It attempts to dessentialize the issue of poverty and the poor as a machination intended to inflict suffering, pity and submission to focus on the exhaustion of civility standards and the need to create new modes of life. By framing the possibility of the emergence of a new ethical-political subject, this study centers on the power of the arts, especially cinema and literature, to analyze the following characters: Charles Chaplin s Tramp; the Brazilian mulatto beauty, Gabriela, taken from Jorge Amado s book of the same name and Macabéa, the female migrant from Northeastern Brazil created by writer Clarice Lispector. These three characters reveal the strength of the poor and are a path to different forms of resistance and creation that develop into new ways of thinking, feeling and experiencing the world under a positive and creative perspective / A vasta classificação utilizada para caracterizar o homem pobre é acompanhada por formas de exortá-lo, idealizá-lo, esconjurá-lo. Para além da associação da pobreza à destituição material, sua forma mais aparente corresponde a uma situação reles e desprezível, engendrada por um universo moral que possui o ardil de uniformizar, tornando pejorativas várias dimensões da vida dos chamados pobres . É assim que enquanto força dinâmica, a pobreza se ergue e circula, ocupando falas, cenários, subjetividades, identificando-se a um amplo conjunto de práticas que operam seus enquadres, nomeações e recriações constantes da subalternidade. Este trabalho objetiva desconstruir a impotência dos pobres, ao debater o construto moral que produz e atualiza sua figuração, evidenciando a instância de dominação que lhe é própria. Trata-se de desessencializar a questão da pobreza e dos pobres como maquinação capaz de imputar sofrimento, piedade e resignação, dando centralidade ao esgotamento dos padrões civilizatórios e à urgência da criação de novos modos de vida. A partir da possibilidade da emergência de um novo sujeito ético-político, o recorte de pesquisa privilegia o campo das artes, onde são destacados da literatura e do cinema os personagens a serem analisados: O vagabundo Carlitos, de Charles Chaplin, a mulata Gabriela de Jorge Amado e a nordestina Macabéa da obra de Clarice Lispector. Os personagens revelam a potência dos pobres, configurando formas de resistência e criação que circulam e se expandem como novos modos de sentir, pensar e experimentar o mundo, numa perspectiva afirmativa e criadora