Thesis (M.G.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Sociology and Gerontology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).

A presente dissertação se propõe a questionar, explorar e expor a importância dos sentidos da sobrecarga de trabalho docente nas questões de saúde do professor causando, inclusive adoecimento. A pesquisa realizou-se no magistério superior de um campus de uma Universidade Federal, na região sudoeste do Estado do Paraná. Para tanto, foi estabelecido como objetivo geral verificar no discurso de dois professores da referida Universidade, aspectos referentes à sobrecarga no trabalho e que estão, diretamente, relacionados com a saúde desses profissionais. Foram também estabelecidos como objetivos específicos verificar como os professores vivenciam a sobrecarga no trabalho e sua relação com a saúde, assim como, identificar as significações de sobrecarga no trabalho reveladas no discurso dos professores do Magistério Superior em questão e, em última instância analisar como essa sobrecarga é significada e ressignificada durante sessões de autoconfrontação. A fundamentação teórica relativa ao trabalho e trabalho do professor teve como base Marx (2014); Castel (2005); Sennet (2007); Clot (2011); Amigues (2004); Nóvoa (1999); Codo (2006); Esteve (1999) e Lemos (2005). Para a discussão da sobrecarga, Wisner (1994); Ferreira e Freire (2016) e Lemos (2005). Para o conceito de saúde, Canguilhem (2015); Morschel (2014) e Clot (2010). Para tratar da psicopatologia do trabalho; Lima (2005); Le Guillant (2006) e Bendassolli (2011). Para linguagem e sentidos, Bakhtin (2011, 2014); Lima (2015); Brait (2002); Vigotski (2009); Tezza (2007) e Amorim (2014). A metodologia utilizada na produção dos dados foi a da autoconfrontação, que é uma metodologia adotada na Clínica da Atividade. Com as autoconfrontações produzidas, iniciou-se o processo de produção dessa dissertação que envolveu: refinamento das transcrições de autoconfrontações com a visualização dos vídeos, seleção de trechos que remetessem a sentidos de sobrecarga e saúde e análise desses trechos. O estudo evidenciou a possibilidade de propostas de ação no que tange à saúde dos professores, no próprio ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados apontam também para uma mudança constante e conjunta, integrando professores e demais profissionais preocupados com a saúde docente, por meio de relações dialógicas, as quais oportunizam a construção de sentidos e o poder de ação. / The present thesis proposes to question, explore and expose the importance of the sense of the overload of teaching in the health causing sickness. The research was carried out in the university teaching of a Federal University campus in the southwest region of the State of Paraná. For this purpose, a general objective was established to verify aspects related to the work overload, which is directly related to the health of the professionals, by considering the discourse of two professors of the mentioned university. Specific objectives were settled to verify how professors experience work overload and its relation to health, as well as to identify the sense of work overload revealed in the discourse of the university professors and, finally, to analyze how this overloading is signified and re-signified during self-checking sessions. The theory related to the professor’s labor was based on Marx (2014), Castel (2005), Sennet (2007), Clot (2011), Amigues (2004), Nóvoa (1999), Codo (2006), Esteve (1999) and Lemos (2005). For the discussion of the overload, Wisner (1994), Ferreira and Freire (2016) and Lemos (2005); for the discussion of health, Canguilhem (2015), Morschel (2014) and Clot (2010); to deal with work psychopathology, Lima (2005), Le Guillant (2006) and Bendassolli (2011) and for language and sense, Bakhtin (2011, 2014), Lima (2015), Brait (2002), Vigotski (2009), Tezza (2007) and Amorim (2014). The methodology used in the production of the data was that of self-confrontation, which is a methodology adopted in the clinical activity. The dissertation involves the refinement of transcripts of self-confronts with the visualization of the videos, selection of passages that refer to the sense of overload and health and analysis. The study evidenced the possibility proposals for action regarding the health of professors in the work environment. The results also point to a constant and joint change, integrating professors and other professionals concerned about health, through dialogical relationships, which allow the construction of sense and power of action.

Stressrelaterade besvär ökar och familjelivet har en betydande roll för att bidra till individens hälsa. Det är av vikt att öka medvetenheten om en god balans mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv för att åstadkomma en god hälsa. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur småbarnsföräldrar upplever livspusslet med arbetsliv och familjeliv utifrån ett folkhälsoperspektiv. Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod och baseras på ett målstyrt urval av sex arbetande småbarnsföräldrar som har intervjuats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlande intervjumaterialet har analyserats med en manifest innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat påvisar att arbetstid, arbetsmiljö och flexibilitet har en stor betydelse när det kommer till stress inom arbetslivet hos småbarnsföräldrarna. Att få mer tid för familjelivet och ett ökat stöd från omgivningen hade enligt småbarnsföräldrarna underlättat vardagen och är något som de flesta av deltagarna hade önskat mer av. Vidare påvisar resultatet att småbarnsföräldrars hälsa påverkas av en obalans mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv, vilket ofta resulterar i stress, energibrist och fysisk överbelastning. Studiens slutsats är att småbarnsföräldrars hälsa påverkas negativt av en obalans mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv.

This mixed methods study contains two studies that are linked together sequentially to explore the work/nonwork boundary management of home-based teleworkers through the overarching research question: Do personality traits and ICT use influence how teleworkers manage their work-nonwork boundary? Mobile ICT s such as smartphones are becoming increasingly more important for work and they can have a boundary blurring effect on the work-nonwork boundary as they may be used at anytime and anywhere. However, the issue of how personality traits influence ICT use and work-nonwork boundary management has been neglected, particularly in a teleworking context. As people manage their work-nonwork boundaries differently and some people work better at home than others, it is not known to what extent personality traits play a role in boundary management and ICT use. Study One explores the relationships between the big five personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion and neuroticism, the facet level traits of dutifulness, gregariousness, and impulsiveness and work/nonwork boundary interruptions. It also explores the relationships between these traits and frequency of technology use for work purposes and the relationship of ICT s (smartphones, tablets and laptops) to work/nonwork boundary interruptions. Data was collected via an online survey, with recruitment from social media sites and Local Authorities totalling 391 usable responses. Conscientiousness was found to be negatively related to work-nonwork and nonwork-work interruptions, dutifulness negatively related to nonwork-work interruptions, neuroticism positively related to work-nonwork interruptions and impulsiveness positively related to nonwork-work interruptions. Personality traits were found to have small correlations to boundary interruptions which was a new finding, although it was expected that the correlations might have been larger than they were found to be. Extraversion was positively related to frequency of laptop use and extraversion and gregariousness were positively related to frequency of smartphone use, neuroticism was negatively related to frequency of smartphone use which were new findings in a work context. Frequency of ICT use was positively related to work-nonwork interruptions, with smartphones showing the highest correlation, followed by tablet and then laptop displaying a stepped effect. This finding of a stepped effect was new and suggests that the portability of smartphones makes them much easier to connect to work out of hours, than laptops and tablets. The second study included interviews from 20 participants who had completed the survey, four from each of five boundary management groups (Strong Segmentors, Strong Integrators, Moderate Managers, Work Boundary Protectors and Family Boundary Protectors). The groups were derived from scores from the survey data, in order to investigate in more depth, other factors that influenced boundary management interruptions that were not picked up in Study One and specifically the idiosyncrasies of ICT use between groups. The qualitative data was analysed via Template Analysis and the final themes in the template were Boundary Management, Crafting Work, Individual Differences, Telework and Interruptions. The theme of Boundary Management was dealt with in this study. Some key findings were that Study Two built upon Study One by finding that proactivity was a key theme and that this trait may be particularly active while individuals are teleworking due to the context. ICT s were used in a way that reflected the wide ranging boundary management preferences of the individuals using them.

Bakgrund: Mer än hälften av nyexaminerade revisorsassistenter lämnar revisionsyrket inom tre år. Revisionsbranschen präglas av en intensiv högsäsong som påverkar välmåendet negativt hos många revisorer. Välmåendet påverkas av balansen mellan arbetet och fritiden, arbetstillfredsställelse och livstillfredsställelse. Försämring bidrar enligt tidigare forskning till personalomsättning. Eftersom revisionsbyråerna investerar mycket i revisorsassistenterna har de incitament att behålla sina anställda. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska hur före detta revisorsassistenter resonerar kring det subjektiva välmåendet och hur det, i förhållande till andra aspekter, bidragit till valet att lämna revisionsyrket innan auktorisation. Metod: Studien tillämpar en intervjumetod med en huvudsaklig deduktiv ansats. Primärdata har samlats in genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med elva före detta revisorsassistenter som har arbetat på Big 4-byråer. Empirin har analyserats tematiskt. Slutsats: Studien indikerar att det finns flera anledningar till att revisorsassistenter byter yrke. Det har visats finnas missnöje med låg lön i samband med hög arbetsbörda och många arbetstimmar under högsäsongen. Yrken som kräver samma yrkeserfarenhet ger dessutom högre lön för mindre arbete. Studien indikerar även att revisionsyrket används som ett insteg till andra karriärmöjligheter. / Introduction: More than half of newly graduated audit assistants leave the audit profession within three years. The audit industry is characterized by an intense peak season that adversely affects the well-being of auditors. Well-being is affected by work-life balance, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Declined well-being contributes to turnover, according to prior research. As the audit firms invest a lot in the audit assistants, there are incentives to keep their employees. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore how former auditor assistants reason about their subjective well-being and how, in relation to other aspects, it contributed to the choice to leave the audit profession before authorization. Method: The study applies an interview method with a mainly deductive approach. Primary data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven former audit assistants who have worked at Big 4 firms. The empirical data was analysed thematically. Conclusion: The study indicates that there are several reasons why audit assistants change professions. The study finds dissatisfaction with low salary in connection with high workload and many working hours during the peak season. In addition, occupations that require the same professional experience provide higher pay for less work, which contributes to changes in profession. The study also indicates that the audit profession is used as an entry to other career opportunities.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T12:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SMAHA_H,_Trabalho_e_Familia_no_contexto_do_teletrabalho_-_EBAPE_2009.pdf: 583842 bytes, checksum: 93c08cd34875730dc91984239e6832c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T12:34:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SMAHA_H,_Trabalho_e_Familia_no_contexto_do_teletrabalho_-_EBAPE_2009.pdf: 583842 bytes, checksum: 93c08cd34875730dc91984239e6832c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T12:35:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SMAHA_H,_Trabalho_e_Familia_no_contexto_do_teletrabalho_-_EBAPE_2009.pdf: 583842 bytes, checksum: 93c08cd34875730dc91984239e6832c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-21T12:35:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SMAHA_H,_Trabalho_e_Familia_no_contexto_do_teletrabalho_-_EBAPE_2009.pdf: 583842 bytes, checksum: 93c08cd34875730dc91984239e6832c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento sobre o teletrabalho, especialmente, sobre a dinâmica da realização do trabalho na esfera familiar, a partir do home-office telework. Investigou-se de que maneira os teletrabalhadores e sua família dão sentido aos dilemas, oportunidades e exigências da realização do trabalho no ambiente familiar, à luz de suas práticas discursivas. Para tanto, entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas com 25 teletrabalhadores e seus co-residentes e analisadas sob a ótica da análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa revela que quando a casa dá lugar às atividades profissionais do indivíduo, as relações entre as demandas pessoais, familiares e profissionais se tornam mais próximas, diluídas e entrelaçadas. A aproximação das esferas de trabalho e não-trabalho conduz a uma ruptura nas dinâmicas espaciais, temporais e psicológicas desses domínios, proporcionando aos indivíduos oportunidades de desenvolvimento pessoal. No entanto, as mudanças pelas quais os mesmos terão de passar apresentam potencialidades contraditórias. Ao mesmo tempo em que o teletrabalho proporciona uma oportunidade de integração com a família e flexibilidade para o melhor aproveitamento do tempo de trabalho e não-trabalho, a dificuldade de equilibrar dois mundos construídos sobre discursos diversos, o mundo da casa e da rua, pode despontar uma crise, dependendo do preparo de cada família para essa situação de trabalho. A fim de auxiliar na interpretação dos resultados, os pontos de conteúdo mais expressivos, os quais ilustram o exposto acima, foram expostos em quatro temas relacionados ao telehomework: espaço, flexibilidade de tempo, gênero e equilíbrio trabalho-vida pessoal. / This research aims at fostering understanding of telework, especially its dynamic when working is carried out at home domains, through the practice of the home-based telework. It explores how teleworkers make sense out of the dilemmas, opportunities and demands of teleworking from home, through the analysis of their discursive practices. Therefore, semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 teleworkers and their respective coresidents and analyzed using the method of content analysis. The study reveals that when the home gives place to the professional activities of an individual, the relationship among the personal, family and professional demands become closer, blurred and interlaced. The merging of the working and non-working spheres conducts to a rupture of the spatial, temporal and psychological contours of these domains, bringing the individuals selfdevelopment opportunities. However, the transformations that these individuals will have to face represent contradictory potentialities. Whilst telework brings an opportunity of family integration and flexibility for the better use of working and non-working time, the difficulty of balancing two cultural systems constructed over distinct discourses, the private sphere and the public sphere, may lead to a crisis, depending on the preparation of each family to receive this mode of working from home. In order to contribute to the interpretation of the results, the most expressive topics, which illustrate the above exposed, were presented in four themes related to telehomework: space, time flexibility, gender and work-life balance.

The primary aim of this survey is to: * explore whether there is potential for job-sharing in the South African labour market; * * describe the characteristics of potential job-sharers and to explain why Job-sharing would be an appropriate and feasible solution to unemployment, massive retrenchments, poor quality ofwork life (QWL) and low worker productivity Job-sharing has been used in many developed countries to address a variety of problems at the individual, organisational and national level. These include allowing workers to have a balance between their work and non-work life; to increase worker productivity and QWL and to increase employment opportunities. The literature survey affirms that these problems are prevalent in Africa as a whole and in South Africa specifically. The survey results reveal that the environment in South is Africa is conducive to jobsharing and that slightly over one third of the workers and organisations and two thirds of the jobseekers are willing to job-share. The results of this study also reveals that QWL, productivity and unemployment does influence the willingness to job-share and that approximately 80% of the employees would rather either job-share, work-share or opt for some other alternative than to have retrenchments. Thus by implication, job-sharing would address the problems relating to poor QWL, low worker productivity, fewer employment opportunities, as well as massive retrenchments in South Africa. The study has also explored possible reasons and obstacles to job-sharing and found that whether these are perceived as significantly important or not, depends on whether one is an employer, employee or job-seeker . The job-seekers feel more than others, that there is no reason insurmountable or obstacle preventing the introduction of job-sharing by which to avert their unemployed status. There are also differences in willingness to job-share among subgroups with regard to the industry, area of work, position held in the organisation and the availability of job-sharing positions in the organisation. This thesis reports that there is potential for job-sharing in the South African labour market, to address a variety of problems pertaining to workers, organisations, job-seekers and, therefore, the whole nation at large. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Afrikaans text / Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om lewenssin soos dit binne die leefwereld van die gesitueerde Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon van toepassing is, teoreties te omlyn, te operasionaliseer en die belewenis daarvan op fenomenologiese wyse te beskryf. Lewenssin, met lewenssinvolheid en lewenssinloosheid as twee pole op 'n kontinuum, is ondersoek deur te fokus op lewensorientasie, lokus van gedrag, waardes, spiritualiteit, groei, ontwikkeling, transendering, vervreemding, 'n kortstondige en fatalistiese ingesteldheid, konformisme, kollektivisme, fanatisme, en die strewe na mitiese sukses. In die literatuurondersoek, wat die eksistensiele, humanistiese en holistiese paradigmas as vertrekpunte neem, is operasionele definisies van lewenssinvolheid en lewenssinloosheid gekonstrueer. Die profiel van die Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon met so 'n belewenis is aan die hand van sy/haar paradigma, kenmerke en gedrag gekonstrueer. 'n Proses van meaning making word voorgehou, terwyl lewenssin as integrasie van teenoorgesteldes gekonstrueer word. Daar word gepostuleer dat die sakepersoon met 'n belewenis van lewenssinvolheid die landskap van sy/haar psige relasioneel bewoon. Daarteenoor openbaar 'n belewenis van Jewenssinloosheid 'n nie-relasionele orientasie, paradigma en bewoning van die wereld. In die fenomenologiese ondersoek is gebruik gemaak van die onderhoud om die fenomeen, lewenssin, te laat ontvou. Die steekproef het bestaan uit getroude sakelui, dertig jaar en ouer, en woonagtig in Gauteng. Heterogeniteit in terme van geslag, geloofsoortuigings en korporatiewe opset is ook verreken. Uit die ondersoek ontvou ses temas wat sentreer om ruimtelikheid, basiese stemming, beliggaming en bewoning, asook die teenwoordigheid van die psige, andere en die wereld (wat die aarde en 'n transpersoonlike entiteit insluit). Dit blyk dat die Suid-Afrikaanse sakepersoon sy/haar landskap vera! nie-relasioneel bewoon. Elemente van relasionele bestaan is wei aanwesig. Tog word die begeerte aan 'n meer relasionele bestaan in die behoeftes en versugtinge van die betrokke sakelui verwoord. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat gebrekkige relasies in verband gebring kan word met 'n nie-relasionele paradigma wat lewenssinloosheid tot gevolg het. Op 'n kontinuum van lewenssin word bevind dat Suid-Afrikaanse sakelui nader aan die pool van lewenssinloosheid le, met 'n behoefte aan 'n beweging na die teenoorgestelde pool, naamlik lewenssinvolheid. Om lewenssinvolheid, lewenskwaliteit, en optimaliteit te bevorder, word aanbeveel dat die relasionele paradigma as vertrekpunt dien by remedierende ingrepe. / The purpose of this research is to theoretically outline and operationalise meaning in life as it applies to the life-world of situated South African businesspersons, and to describe phenomenologically their experience of that phenomenon. integration of opposites. It is posited that the businessperson experiencing life as meaningful, inhabits the landscape of his/her psyche in a relational way. In contrast, the person experiencing life as meaningless, displays a non-relational orientation, paradigm and being-in-the­ world. The phenomenological investigation made use of interviews to allow the phenomenon, meaning in life, to unfold. The sample consisted of married business persons, thirty years and older, and residing in Gauteng. Heterogeneity (in terms of gender, religious convictions and corporate circumstances) was also taken into account. Meaning, with meaningfulness and meaninglessness as its two extremes on a continuum, was examined, focusing on life orientation, engagement style, values, spirituality, growth, development, transcending, alienation, transitoriness and fatalism, conformism, collectivism, fanaticism, and aspiring to mythical success. In the literature investigation, which was based on existential, humanistic and holistic paradigms, operational definitions of meaningfulness and meaninglessness were construed. The profile of the South African businessperson experiencing the phenomenon, was construed with reference to his/her paradigm, characteristics and conduct. A meaning making process is proffered, while meaning is construed as an Six themes unfold from the investigation, centring around spatiality, basic mood, human bodiliness and being-in-the-world, as well as the presence of the psyche, other people and the world (including the earth and a transpersonal entity). The South African businessperson appears to inhabit his/her landscape in a mainly non­ relational manner. There are some elements of relational existence, but the needs and heart's desires voiced by the businesspersons concerned point to a longing for a more relational existence. In conclusion: Deficient relations can be associated with a non-relational paradigm, which causes an experience of life as meaningless. A meaning continuum shows South African businesspersons as figuring closer to meaninglessness, and needing to move towards the opposite pole, namely meaningfulness. To promote meaningfulness, quality of life and optimal functioning, the relational paradigm is recommended as point of departure in remedial intervention. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / DCom (Bedryfsielkunde)

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a qualidade de vida e segurança do trabalho em canteiros de obra e objetiva analisar o comprometimento de empresas da construção civil que possuem um sistema de gestão da qualidade implantado e certificado de acordo com a NBR ISO 9001:2000, com a segurança e a qualidade de vida no trabalho dos seus funcionários em canteiros de obra. Investiga-se, especificamente, a partir da Política e dos Objetivos da Qualidade adotados por construtoras que atuam no setor de edificações verticais, na Região Metropolitana do Recife, quais os dados determinantes para esse empenho e os tipos de objetivos que contemplam cada um dos setores pesquisados, quais sejam, a Segurança do Trabalho e a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho. A metodologia utilizada, baseada em estudos de casos, inicialmente contemplou a análise da experiência reconhecidamente bem sucedida, de uma empresa da construção civil que implantou ações de melhoria da qualidade de vida em seus canteiros de obra. Em seguida, a partir dos dados coletados em empresas selecionadas, obtiveram-se informações que apontaram para carências de objetivos do sistema de gestão da qualidade que contemplassem o objeto de estudo. Neste sentido, como sugestão prática deste trabalho, foram propostas dez ações de melhoria das condições de vida e/ou segurança dos trabalhadores em canteiros de obra, conduzidas passo a passo, de modo a direcionar e facilitar a sua implantação por empresas construtoras. / This dissertation has as its object of study quality of life and safety at work on building sites and aims to analyze the commitment of civil construction companies who have a system of quality management set up and certificated in accordance with NBR ISO 9001:2000 with safety and quality of life in the work of their employees on building-sites. Specifically, an investigation is made, based on the Policy and Quality Objectives adopted by construction companies who engage in the sector of vertical buildings, in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, whatever may be the determining data for this enterprise and the types of objectives which include each of the sectors researched, namely Safety at Work and Quality of Life at Work. The methodology used, based on case studies, initially considered the analysis of the recognizably successful experience of one civil construction company which implemented actions for improving quality of life on its building sites. Thereafter, using the data collected in selected companies, pieces of information were obtained which pointed to features lacking in the objectives of the system of quality management which contemplated the object of this study. Therefore, as a practical suggestion arising from this study, ten actions have been proposed for improving the conditions of life and/or safety of workers on building-sites, set out step-by-step, in such a way as to guide and facilitate their implementation by building firms.

Doctor of Philosophy / Psychological Sciences / Patrick A. Knight / Satisfaction with work-family balance is a relatively new construct that differs from other work-life constructs in several ways: it is not focused on conflict between work/family domains, does not include cross-domain transfer processes, has no directional implications, and is not multidimensional. The current study has three purposes: 1. Examine work-family balance issues for both blue-collar and white-collar employees, as the literature has focused mainly on white-collar employees. 2. Examine relationship between technology and satisfaction with work-family balance. 3. Assess how role salience influences satisfaction with work-family balance. Participants were recruited and compensated for completing a 60 item online survey via Qualtrics. Blue-collar participants were recruited from manufacturing industries, while no industry was specified for white-collar employees. The sample consisted of 210 participants (105 blue-collar, 105 white-collar). Several checks were included throughout the survey to ensure data quality. Two hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The first regression revealed that boundary control and autonomy predict satisfaction with work-family balance, while employee type and boundary interruptions do not. Boundary control, family identity, and stress significantly predicted satisfaction with work-family balance in the second regression, while boundary interruptions, work identity, hours worked, and technology use did not. Results indicate white-collar workers have higher satisfaction with work-family balance, lower stress, and lower turnover intentions compared to blue-collar workers. Results also reveal that technology use to complete work outside of work hours is significantly and positively related to stress. Nearly half of participants report feeling expected to utilize technology to complete work outside of work hours. In addition, while it was hypothesized that those higher on family identity would have lower satisfaction with work-family balance when they used technology outside of work hours, worked longer hours, and had more frequent boundary interruptions than would those lower on family identity, the opposite effect was found for each of these variables. Implications of the study include: 1. Organizations may improve employee satisfaction with work-family balance by increasing autonomy and boundary control. 2. Employees may improve satisfaction with work-family balance by taking time to de-stress from work and limiting use of technology to complete work outside of work hours.