Orientador: Susani Silveira Lemos França / Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães / Banca: Marcella Lopes Guimarães / Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como proposta indagar os relatos cronísticos ibéricos, produzidos nos séculos XIV e XV, com a finalidade de examinar como o divino foi usado na construção da imagem dos reis castelhanos e portugueses. As crônicas selecionadas foram as castelhanas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I e D. Henrique III, escritas pelo chanceler Pero López de Ayala, e as crônicas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Fernando e D. João I (1ª e 2ª partes), escritas pelo primeiro cronista oficial régio português, Fernão Lopes. Como ambos os cronistas foram oficiais régios a serviço das recém-constituídas, e a princípio ilegítimas, dinastias de Trastâmara e de Avis, respectivamente em Castela e Portugal, cada um a seu modo buscou escrever para justificar as novas casas reais, inauguradas por um fratricida, no primeiro caso, e por um bastardo, no segundo. No percurso de indagação sobre as formas que assumiu a sacralização do poder dos reis castelhanos e portugueses, o objetivo do trabalho foi, primeiramente, examinar e comparar a produção cronística castelhana e portuguesa em finais do século XIV e início do XV, bem como os lugares ocupados por Pero López de Ayala e Fernão Lopes nos reinos de Castela e Portugal. Em um segundo momento, a meta desta pesquisa foi interrogar sobre as aproximações e os distanciamentos no apelo às referências sagradas - partilhadas de longa data nos reinos cristãos - para compor e afirmar o poder real nesses reinos / Resume: La présente recherche a comme proposition rechercher les récits des chroniqueurs ibériques, produits pendant les XIVe et XVe siècles , avec la finalité d'examiner comment le divin a été utilisé dans la construction de l'image des rois castillans et portugais. Les chroniques sélectionnées ont été les Castillanes des rois D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I et D. Henrique III, écrites par le chancelier Pero López de Ayala, et les chroniques des rois D. Pedro, D. Fernando et D. João I (1ère et 2e parties), écrites par le premier chroniqueur officiel royal portugais, Fernão Lopes. Comme les deux chroniqueurs ont été officiels royaux à service des nouvelles, et au début illégitimes, dynasties de Trastamare et d'Avis, respectivement en Castille et Portugal, chacun à sa manière a cherché écrire pour justifier les nouvelles maisons royales, inaugurées par un fratricide, dans le premier cas, et par un bâtard, dans le second. Au cours de la recherche sur les formes qui ont prises la sacralisation du pouvoir des rois castillans et portugais, l'objectif du travail a été, premièrement, examiner et comparer la production chronistique castillanne et portugaise à la fin du XIVe siècle et au début du XVe, ainsi que les rôles joués par Pero López de Ayala et Fernão Lopes dans les royaumes de Castille et Portugal. Dans une deuxième étape, l'objectif de cette recherche a été s'interroger sur les approches et les éloignements en appel aux références sacrées - longtemps partagées entre les royaumes chrétiens - pour composer et affirmer le pouvoir royal dans ces royaumes / Mestre

In the latter half of the seventeenth century, the first-person overseas voyage narrative enjoyed an unprecedented degree of popularity in England. This thesis is concerned with texts written by travellers and the increasing perception that such information might be useful to those engaged in newly-developing scientific specialisms. It draws upon a wide range of texts including geographiae, physico-theological texts, first-person voyage narratives and imaginary voyage prose fictions. The main focus of the thesis is on the movement away from traditional encyclopaedic geographical textbooks whose treatment of non-European countries comprised an amalgam of unattributed information and a mass of traditional and erudite beliefs, towards a priontising of eyewitness accounts by named observers. Following an introductory survey of the production of an indigenous body of geographical literature in England, the first chapter traces the decline in popularity of traditional geographiae and the separation of regional description from general theories of the earth. The second chapter shows how in the Restoration period the concerted efforts of Fellows of the newly-established Royal Society resulted in a significant increase in the number of overseas travel narratives being published. The third chapter looks at the way in which the Royal Society's campaign developed from its initiation in 1666 to the close of the century, focusing on the response of travellers to the Society's requests for information. The fourth chapter considers the way in which earlier accounts were advertised as fulfilling contemporary expectations of this type of discourse. The fifth and sixth chapters concern fictitious voyage narratives. Imitative of a genre the value of which was increasingly seen as residing in its veracity, these fictions adapted in accordance with the changes being introduced to real voyage accounts whilst continuing to perpetuate the archaic myths and traditional beliefs which had been ehminated from factual geographical description. Appended to the thesis is a list of accounts of voyages and travels outside Europe, printed in the Philosophical Transactions (1665-1700). Also listed are reviews and abstracts of geographical texts, inquiries concerning specific locations and directions and instructions aimed at seamen, with brief biographical information about the authors to indicate the range of contributors to that journal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mercuri_do_me_fran_parcial.pdf: 228474 bytes, checksum: 9d916aa7d6a19a853fbc3498d80437fb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2014-08-22T14:57:12Z: mercuri_do_me_fran_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2014-08-22T15:02:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000695152.pdf: 1064881 bytes, checksum: 70f6e1f550db0258c453cd74642424f8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / La présente recherche a comme proposition rechercher les récits des chroniqueurs ibériques, produits pendant les XIVe et XVe siècles , avec la finalité d'examiner comment le divin a été utilisé dans la construction de l'image des rois castillans et portugais. Les chroniques sélectionnées ont été les Castillanes des rois D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I et D. Henrique III, écrites par le chancelier Pero López de Ayala, et les chroniques des rois D. Pedro, D. Fernando et D. João I (1ère et 2e parties), écrites par le premier chroniqueur officiel royal portugais, Fernão Lopes. Comme les deux chroniqueurs ont été officiels royaux à service des nouvelles, et au début illégitimes, dynasties de Trastamare et d'Avis, respectivement en Castille et Portugal, chacun à sa manière a cherché écrire pour justifier les nouvelles maisons royales, inaugurées par un fratricide, dans le premier cas, et par un bâtard, dans le second. Au cours de la recherche sur les formes qui ont prises la sacralisation du pouvoir des rois castillans et portugais, l'objectif du travail a été, premièrement, examiner et comparer la production chronistique castillanne et portugaise à la fin du XIVe siècle et au début du XVe, ainsi que les rôles joués par Pero López de Ayala et Fernão Lopes dans les royaumes de Castille et Portugal. Dans une deuxième étape, l'objectif de cette recherche a été s’interroger sur les approches et les éloignements en appel aux références sacrées – longtemps partagées entre les royaumes chrétiens - pour composer et affirmer le pouvoir royal dans ces royaumes / A presente pesquisa tem como proposta indagar os relatos cronísticos ibéricos, produzidos nos séculos XIV e XV, com a finalidade de examinar como o divino foi usado na construção da imagem dos reis castelhanos e portugueses. As crônicas selecionadas foram as castelhanas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Henrique II, D. João I e D. Henrique III, escritas pelo chanceler Pero López de Ayala, e as crônicas dos reis D. Pedro, D. Fernando e D. João I (1ª e 2ª partes), escritas pelo primeiro cronista oficial régio português, Fernão Lopes. Como ambos os cronistas foram oficiais régios a serviço das recém-constituídas, e a princípio ilegítimas, dinastias de Trastâmara e de Avis, respectivamente em Castela e Portugal, cada um a seu modo buscou escrever para justificar as novas casas reais, inauguradas por um fratricida, no primeiro caso, e por um bastardo, no segundo. No percurso de indagação sobre as formas que assumiu a sacralização do poder dos reis castelhanos e portugueses, o objetivo do trabalho foi, primeiramente, examinar e comparar a produção cronística castelhana e portuguesa em finais do século XIV e início do XV, bem como os lugares ocupados por Pero López de Ayala e Fernão Lopes nos reinos de Castela e Portugal. Em um segundo momento, a meta desta pesquisa foi interrogar sobre as aproximações e os distanciamentos no apelo às referências sagradas – partilhadas de longa data nos reinos cristãos – para compor e afirmar o poder real nesses reinos

Vidas de professoras: um contributo para o estudo das relações entre percurso e ação pedagógica é um trabalho que apresenta reflexões sobre as histórias narradas por alguns professores alfabetizadores a fim de perceber as relações existentes entre percursos de vida e ação pedagógica destes profissionais. O trabalho está dividido em cinco partes, sendo que a primeira é a introdução, nela são apresentados os elementos influenciadores que conduziram à escolha do referido tema e o objetivo do trabalho. A segunda parte do trabalho está dividida em quatro capítulos. No primeiro capítulo é apresentada em forma de narrativa a história de vida da autora e como ela se tornou professora, a trajetória profissional e as inquietações que surgiram no decorrer da prática como docente no curso de pedagogia. O segundo capítulo contempla a trajetória da abordagem de história de vida nos últimos vinte anos até ser considerada como abordagem de pesquisa. Apresenta também pontos relevantes dos estudos que foram desenvolvidos por Marie-Christine Josso, António Nóvoa, Elizeu Clementino de Souza e outros autores que estudam o mesmo tema e que têm contribuído de forma significativa nos trabalhos sistematizados acerca de histórias de vida, nas autobiografias e nas experiências e aprendizagens construídas por estes autores no decurso de suas pesquisas. No capítulo subsequente são apresentadas as reflexões sobre o resultado dos registros das narrativas dos estudantes do curso de pedagogia sobre as fases da infância, da adolescência e da fase adulta. Neste capítulo, há uma preocupação em utilizar a narrativa como forma de reflexão que expressa as lembranças que estão na memória da pessoa e que apresentam elementos substanciais no trajeto de vida pessoal e profissional. O último capítulo é separado para as considerações finais, onde é evidenciada a importância da história de vida como forma de favorecer reflexões sobre experiências formadoras, um aprofundamento sobre conhecimento de si e uma tentativa de compreender a relação entre percurso de vida e a relação com práxis pedagógica. / Teachers' lives: a contribution to the study of relations between course and pedagogical action. It is a work that presents reflections on the stories told by some literacy teachers to understand the relationship between life courses and pedagogical action of these professionals. The work is divided into five parts, the first is the introduction, there are presented the elements influencing the choice that led to that theme and purpose of work. The second part about is divided into four chapters. The first chapter is presented in narrative form the author's life story and how she became a teacher, professional life and the concerns that have arisen in the course of practice as a teacher in the Faculty of Education. The second chapter deals with the trajectory of approach of life history in the last twenty years to be considered as research approach. It also presents relevant points of the studies that have been developed by Marie- Christine Josso, Antonio Nóvoa, Clementino Eliseu de Souza and others who study the same subject and who have contributed significantly in systematic work about the life histories, autobiographies and in the learning experiences built by the authors during their research. In a subsequent chapter presents the reflections on the outcome of the records of students' narratives of the pedagogy course on the stages of childhood, adolescence and adulthood. In this chapter, there is a concern with using narrative as a form of reflection that expresses remembers that are in memory of the person and which have substantial elements in the path of personal and professional life. The last chapter is set aside for closing remarks, where is evidenced the importance of life story as a way to encourage reflection on formative experiences, on a deeper knowledge of self and an attempt to understand the relationship between life course and its relationship with educational praxis.

This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post -Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies.

Cette thèse explore les conséquences des guerres libanaises de 1975-1989 et de l’amnistie (1991) sur la production artistique de deux générations d’artistes libanais. Durant les premières années de l’après-guerre, l’amnistie institutionnelle a imposé un silence tacite chez la population libanaise, ce que les artistes de la première génération, ceux qui étaient adolescents pendant les guerres, ont contourné en interrogeant leur passé proche (celui des guerres) ainsi que leur présent, à travers leurs œuvres. Ils ont sondé leur mémoire, celle de leur pays et de ses habitants afin de déjouer les vérités officielles du pouvoir étatique. La particularité de leurs œuvres réside dans leur approche critique où les deux régimes esthétiques, celui du réel et celui du fictif, avoisinent. La deuxième génération d’artistes, qui étaient enfants pendant les guerres et dont je fais partie, ont quant à eux suivi les pas de leurs aînés en abordant dans leurs œuvres les mêmes problématiques, afin de tenter d’élucider leur passé fragmentaire, mais également pour s’en affranchir. Les œuvres des artistes de la première et deuxième génération de l’après-guerre questionnent l’histoire du Liban à travers l’utilisation de la forme du témoignage, celle du documentaire, de la narration, mais également par la fiction ou par des documents d'archives inventées. L’approche des artistes consiste à semer le doute chez leurs spectateurs par les intrusions du réel dans le fictif ou celles du fictif dans le réel. / This thesis explores the consequences of the 1975-1989 Lebanese wars and the 1991 amnesty on the artistic production of two generations of Lebanese artists. In the post-war early years, institutional amnesty imposed a tacit silence on the Lebanese population. Artists of the so-called first generation, those who were teenagers during the wars, bypassed this silence by questioning their recent past (the one of war) and their present through their art. They probed their memory, that of their country and its people, to foil official truths of state power. The peculiarity of their work is their critical approach where both the aesthetic regimes of the real and the fictitious are proximate. Meanwhile, the second generation of artists, those who were children during the wars, including myself, have followed the footsteps of their elders addressing the same issues, in an attempt to unravel their fragmentary past, but also in order to emancipate from it. The art of both the first and the second generation artists questions the Libanon’s history through different forms of testimony, namely the documentary, the narrative, but also fiction or by invented archival documents. In order to encourage their audience to grasp Lebanon’s incomplete history, these artists’ approaches consist to sow doubt among viewers by intrusions of reality into the fictional or fiction into the real.

洪若震. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 273-285). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 273-285). / Hong Ruozhen.

Parole sans contexte évident ni trame narrative, le texte fondateur de l’islam ne dévoile pas aisément ses origines. Cette thèse examine un code de lecture particulier qui a pour effet de contextualiser le texte sacré de l’islam dans ce qu’on imagine avoir été son contexte premier. La lecture chronologique consiste à déterminer l’inscription temporelle de chaque sourate ou énoncé coranique par rapport, d’une part, aux autres énoncés et, d’autre part, à la carrière prophétique de Muḥammad. En (ré-)introduisant une dimension temporelle et narrative, l’interprétation du Coran est facilitée. Ce dernier est ainsi en mesure de raconter, sinon son histoire, du moins une histoire. La chronologie coranique structure à la fois l’exégèse musulmane prémoderne et la recherche universitaire occidentale sur le Coran. Dans cette thèse, nous examinons ces deux domaines de production de savoir, non pas en opposition l’un avec l’autre mais comme deux moments de la réception du texte coranique. Cette approche inclusive permet, à travers l’étude d’une problématique spécifique, d’entamer une réflexion sur les convergences et les divergences entre l’érudition islamique et la recherche occidentale. Notre point de départ et fil conducteur est la liste chronologique des sourates, qui circule dans la Tradition musulmane avant d’être reprise et retravaillée par des universitaires occidentaux. La quête de la séquence originelle du Coran a engendré des débats autant parmi les exégètes que dans la recherche historico-critique. Nous retraçons ces débats et portons une attention particulière à la « textualité » du Coran, qui en fait un texte particulièrement difficile à ancrer dans un contexte. / Devoid of a clear context and a narrative frame, the founding text of Islam does not easily reveal its origins. This thesis examines a particular reading code that contextualises the Muslim scripture in what is imagined to have been its original context. A chronological reading aims at determining the temporal position of each sura or qur'ānic passage in relation to, on the one hand, the rest of the text and, on the other hand, the prophetic career of Muḥammad. By (re-)introducing a temporal and narrative frame, the interpretation of the Qur’ān is facilitated. The text is thus allowed to tell its own story or – in any case – a story. The issue of qur’ānic chronology structures both pre-modern Muslim exegesis and Western academic research on the Qur’ān. In this thesis, we examine these two fields of knowledge, not in opposition to one another but as representing two moments in the Qur’ān’s reception. This inclusive approach enables a reflection on the continuities and discontinuities between the Muslim scholarly tradition and Western research. The chronological list of suras, transmitted by Muslim tradition and examined by Western academics, provides the starting point and the connecting thread of the thesis. The search for the original sequence of the Qur’ān has generated debates, both in exegetical circles and in historical-critical research. We explore what is at stake in these debates and pay specific attention to the textuality of the Qur’ān, which, we argue, does not easily allow us to inscribe the Muslim Scripture in a clear context.

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Para tanto foram determinados os momentos críticos de transformação da escrita para caracterizar seus estágios e foram discretizados os expedientes que promovem o trânsito de uma forma de escrita para outra. Essa história só pôde ser escrita por meio das análises das produções das crianças registradas em vídeo, seguidas de transcrição dos diálogos ocorridos no momento da produção. Para sua execução, apoiamo-nos no conceito de escrita na perspectiva vigotskiana e na pré- história da escrita articulados aos processos fonéticos/fonológicos, morfológicos, sintáticos, semânticos e discursivos. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa seguiu o delineamento da pesquisa experimental. Para determinar os estágios da formação da escrita rumo à cultural os núcleos de generalização do pensamento por complexo serviram de base. Das escritas produzidas pelas crianças procedeu-se a análise que proporcionou o reconhecimento de traços comuns, os quais, por sua vez, levaram-nos a postular os estágios da escrita, bem como deslindar os expedientes usados pelas crianças para objetivar a escrita cultural. Tais descobertas (estágios da escrita e expedientes) ancoraram a construção de um instrumento para avaliar o desenvolvimento da escrita na criança que registra o movimento de sua formação, norteando o professor para atuar na zona de desenvolvimento iminente. De maneira geral os resultados de análise mostraram que, durante o processo de alfabetização: 1) as crianças usam mais de um sistema de escrita e não apenas o sistema alfabético; 2) os expedientes usados pela criança na pré-história da escrita, como forma, tamanho, cor, quantidade e desenho, para desenvolver signos subjetivos, reaparecem requalificados na história do desenvolvimento da escrita, além de outros expedientes que são incorporados; 3) os fenômenos linguísticos de cada palavra, incluindo a sua estrutura silábica, influenciam o movimento de evolução e involução da escrita na criança. Como resultados da pesquisa foram criados os estágios de formação da escrita cultural, em seu processo de apropriação; foram identificados os expedientes que transformam a escrita de um estágio para outro e foi produzido um instrumento avaliativo da escrita no processo de alfabetização, configurado no gênero textual relatório técnico. Esse instrumento visa a garantir a historicidade dialética da formação da escrita, que é muito maior que a mera classificação das escritas em estágios. / This dissertation was carried out at the professional master's level, in the Teaching Postgraduate Program for Basic Education, at Unesp in Bauru / SP. The general objective was to write the history of the development of the writing in the childhood in the alphabetization and to describe the specific characteristics that the writing undergoes throughout this process. For that, the critical moments of the transformation of writing were determined to characterize its stages and shared expedients that promoted the transit from one form of writing to another. This story could only be written through the analyzes of the productions of children recorded in video, followed by transcription of the dialogues that occurred at the time of production. For its execution, we rely on the concept of writing in the Vigotskian perspective and in the prehistory of writing articulated to the phonetic / phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and discursive processes. The methodological path of the research followed the design of the experimental research. In order to determine the stages of writing formation towards culture, the generalization nuclei of thought by complex were the basis. From the writings produced by the children, the analysis was carried out, which allowed the recognition of common traits, which in turn led us to postulate the stages of writing, as well as to identify the records used by children to objectify cultural writing. Such discoveries (writing stage and expedition) anchored the construction of an instrument to evaluate the development of writing in the child that registers the movement of its formation, guiding the teacher to act in the area of imminent development. In general, the analysis results showed that during the literacy process: 1) children use more than one writing system, not just the alphabetic system; 2) the records used by the child in the prehistory of writing, such as shape, size, color, quantity and drawing, to develop subjective signs, reappear requalified in the history of writing development, in addition to other records that are incorporated; 3) the linguistic phenomena of each word, including its syllabic structure, influence the movement of evolution and involution of writing in the child. As results of the research were created the stages of cultural writing formation, in its process of appropriation; it were identified the records that transform writing from one stage to another and were produced an evaluation instrument of writing in the literacy process, configured in the technical report textual genre. This instrument aims to guarantee the dialectical historicity of writing formation, which is much greater than the mere classification of writing in stages.

Mémoire en recherche-création / Un endroit familier est composé de trois portraits littéraires. L’auteur y met en relief des moments marquants de la vie de trois membres de sa famille : son grand-père maternel, qui a participé activement à un réseau de radio clandestine dans la France occupée, dans les années 1940; sa grand-mère paternelle, qui a élevé quatorze enfants à Saint-Joachim-de-Montmorency, et dont la longue vie embrasse à elle seule tout un pan de la ruralité québécoise du siècle dernier; puis son arrière-grand-mère maternelle, dont le mari est mort dans les tranchées de Champagne, durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Avec en arrière-plan le vingtième siècle, ses enthousiasmes et ses dérives, cette galerie de portraits en comprend un autre, plus discret, fragmenté, celui de l’auteur qui cherche à mieux comprendre d’où il vient. À la recherche de l’autre, ne sommes-nous pas toujours un peu à la recherche de nous-mêmes ? L’essai qui suit, intitulé Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire, aborde le recours aux sources documentaires qu’exige le genre, de même que l’incidence des intentions de l’auteur sur la façon dont les sources seront exploitées. Il est ensuite question du degré d’exclusivité de la mémoire individuelle et de ce qu’implique l’idée, nourrie par la théorie de la postmémoire, notamment, d’une mémoire des traumas où le souvenir de l’un devient le souvenir de l’autre. L’essai se referme sur une réflexion portant sur le pouvoir qu’a la littérature de faire sortir de l’ombre, avec leurs énigmes non résolues, celles et ceux qui nous ont précédés. Et s’il y avait d’abord, au coeur d’une telle démarche d’écriture, le besoin de mieux vivre avec ses morts ? / Un endroit familier is made up of three literary portraits. The author highlights significant moments in the life of three members of his family : his maternal grandfather, who actively participated in an underground radio network in occupied France, in the 1940s; his paternal grandmother, who raised fourteen children in Saint-Joachim-de-Montmorency, and whose long life alone encompasses a vast segment of Quebec rurality of the last century; finally, there will be his maternal great-grandmother, whose husband died in the trenches of Champagne, during the First World War. Against the backdrop of the twentieth century’s enthusiasms and excesses, this gallery of portraits includes as well the more discreet, fragmented image of the author who seeks to better understand where he comes from. Looking for the other, aren't we always looking a little for ourselves ? The following essay, Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire, discusses the use of documentary sources required by the genre, as well as the impact of the author's intentions on how those sources will be exploited. Then we will explore the degree of exclusivity of individual memory and the idea, drawn from the theory of postmemory, in particular, of a memory of traumas in which one’s memory becomes that of another. The essay ends with a reflection on the power of literature to bring out of the shadows, with their unsolved puzzles, those who came before us. What if there was first, at the heart of such a writing process, the need to live better with our dead ?