• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 282
  • 150
  • 34
  • 21
  • 18
  • 14
  • 12
  • 8
  • 8
  • 5
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • Tagged with
  • 627
  • 136
  • 112
  • 92
  • 83
  • 80
  • 80
  • 79
  • 78
  • 75
  • 66
  • 65
  • 59
  • 59
  • 56
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

XPS analýza plazmových polymerů a nanokompozitních vrstev bez přerušení vlákna / XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum

Artemenko, Anna January 2013 (has links)
Title: XPS analysis of plasma polymers and nanocomposite films without breaking vacuum Author: Anna Artemenko Institute: Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Prof. RNDr. Hynek Biederman, DrSc., Charles University in Prague, Department of Macromolecular Physics. Abstract: Plasma polymers and metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites have been widely used for various biomedical proposes. Naturally, surface properties of the coatings such as high wettability, stability on the open air and in aqueous media, resistance towards different sterilization processes and cells adhesion are required for bioapplications. This thesis is mainly dedicated to the investigation of chemical composition of deposited coatings using XPS analysis. Nylon-like plasma polymer, PEO-like coatings, fluorocarbon plasma polymer (PTFE) films and Au/PEO-like, Ag/C:H, Al/C:H nanocomposites were chosen as the subject material. In addition, results of XPS measurements were used for the computer simulation for calculation of filling factor of metal/ plasma polymer nanocomposites. These results were in a good agreement with experimental data. Keywords: plasma polymer, nanocomposite, XPS analysis, bioapplication, simulation.
42

Structure et propriétés physico-chimiques à l'échelle nanométrique d'aérosols carbonés d'origine aéronautique / Structure and physico-chemical properties of aircraft carbonaceous aerosols at the nanometer scale

Marhaba, Iman 05 December 2017 (has links)
Les particules de suie émises par les moteurs d'avion influencent le climat en absorbant/diffusant la lumière solaire. Elles agissent aussi comme noyaux glaciogènes dans l’atmosphère en participant à la formation des traînées de condensation et des cirrus artificiels, ce qui augmente la nébulosité et affecte l'équilibre radiatif de l'atmosphère. Dans les zones aéroportuaires, elles contribuent à la dégradation de la qualité de l’air et peuvent affecter la santé humaine. Connaître leurs propriétés physico-chimiques est donc primordial pour évaluer leurs impacts environnementaux, sanitaires et agir pour leur réglementation. Nous avons caractérisé les propriétés physiques et chimiques de suies émises par un turboréacteur SaM146-1S17 alimenté avec du kérosène JET A-1 et fonctionnant à différents régimes, dont le régime de croisière. Des informations précises sur leur morphologie, leur (nano)structure, leur composition/spéciation chimique ont été obtenues par microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM), spectroscopie infra-rouge (FTIR), spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X (NEXAFS) et photoémission X (XPS). Ces techniques ont également permis de caractériser des suies de laboratoire produites par un générateur commercial (miniCAST, Jing Ltd.) et de montrer qu’il permet de générer de bons analogues des suies aéronautiques. La production de quantités importantes de ces analogues aux propriétés physico-chimiques contrôlées offre de nouvelles perspectives quant à l’étude en laboratoire de la réactivité des suies aéronautiques vis-à-vis des environnements atmosphériques et biologiques, permettant d’améliorer notre compréhension de leurs impacts environnementaux et sanitaires. / Soot particles emitted from aircraft engines influence climate by absorbing and scattering sunlight. They also act as ice condensation nuclei in the atmosphere by participating to the formation of condensation trails and artificial cirrus clouds that increase the cloudiness and affects the radiative balance of the Earth’s atmosphere. In airport areas, they contribute to the degradation of air quality and can affect human health. Knowing their physical and chemical properties is therefore of prime importance to assess their environmental and health impacts as well as acting for their regulation. We have characterized physical and chemical properties of soot emitted by a SaM146-1S17 turbofan engine fueled with kerosene JET A-1 and operated at different regimes, including the cruise regime. Accurate information about their morphology, (nano)structure, chemical composition/speciation have been obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). These techniques have also been used to characterize laboratory soot produced by a commercial generator (miniCAST, Jing Ltd.) and to show that it can generate relevant analogues of aeronautic soot. The production of large amounts of these analogues with controlled physico-chemical properties offers new prospects for laboratory studies of aeronautic soot’s reactivity with respect to atmospheric and biological environments aiming at improving our understanding of their environmental and health impacts.
43

Calculos de energias de ligação de camada interna pelo uso da teoria do funcional de densidade e suas aplicações / Density functional theory calculations of core-electron binding energies and applications

Segala, Maximiliano 30 November 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Yuji Takahata / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Segala_Maximiliano_D.pdf: 2643298 bytes, checksum: 90403c336f5d4adb79c5c766cea52068 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutor em Ciências
44

Catalytical reactions and environmental chemistry modifications as seen by synchrotron radiation NAP-XPS / Réaction catalytique et évolution d’environnements chimiques observés par NAP-XPS sur synchrotron

Boucly, Anthony 17 October 2017 (has links)
La NAP-XPS est un nouvel outil révolutionnaire permettant d'utiliser les avantages d'une analyse XPS (Sensibilité aux différents éléments chimiques ainsi que leurs états) à une pression proche de l'ambiante (de l'ordre du mbar) ouvrant ainsi la voie aux études in situ en se rapprochant des conditions réels et. Deux domaines profitent de cette nouvelle machine : la chimie environnementale et la catalyse. Dans le domaine de la chimie environnementale je m'intéresse à l'étude de l'hydratation des argiles dites gonflantes. J'ai ici démontré qu'il est effectivement possible de suivre l'hydratation des contre-ions en mettant en évidence différents comportement en fonction de leurs natures. De plus j'ai pu mettre en évidence un phénomène de radiolyse sous faisceau de la pyridine en présence d'eau dans ces milieux confinés. Concernant la catalyse, j'ai étudié l'oxydation du CO sur des nanocatalyseurs composés notamment de platine un excellent catalyseur, mais sensible aux problèmes d'empoisonnement au CO. Cette réaction est pour nous une réaction prototype permettant de tester le comportement des nanocatalyseurs (Pt, Zn et PtZn). J'ai pu déterminer la température de début de la réaction d'oxidation du CO, de plus en ajoutant du zinc au platine et pour former un nanocatalyseur bimétallique, j'ai démontré qu'on améliore sa résistance à l'oxidation et il montré que le zinc seul est lui aussi capable de catalyser l'oxidation du CO sous forme de création/destruction de carbonate. / The NAP-XPS is a revolutionary new tool that makes possible to use the advantages of a standard XPS analysis (sensitivity to the different chemical elements as well as their states) at a near-ambient pressure (mbar range) thus enabling in situ studies closer to real conditions. Two fields fully benefit from this new machine: environmental chemistry and catalysis. In our case for the field of environmental chemistry we are interested in studying the hydration of so-called swelling clays. I have here demonstrated that it is indeed possible to follow the hydration of counter-ions and highlighted different behavior according to their natures. Moreover, I have been able to demonstrate a beam induced pyridine photolysis phenomenon in the presence of water in these confined media. Concerning catalysis, I studied the oxidation of CO on nanocatalysts composed in particular of platinum an excellent catalyst but sensitive to the CO poisoning. This reaction is for us a prototypical reaction to test the behavior of Pt, Zn, PtZn nanocatalysts. Here, I have been able to determine the onset temperature of the CO oxidation reaction. Moreover, by adding zinc to platinum and forming a bimetallic nanocatalyst, I have improved its resistance to oxidation and proved that zinc alone is also capable of catalyzing the oxidation of CO in the form of creation / destruction of carbonate.
45

[en] CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OXIDIZED LAYER OF ALLOY ASTM F15 OBTAINED UNDER DIFFERENT SURFACE CONDITIONS / [pt] CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA CAMADA OXIDADA OBTIDA EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE SUPERFÍCIE DA LIGA ASTM F15

MARCELO BELMIRO GOMES DE SOUTO 25 January 2016 (has links)
[pt] A liga ASTM F15 é usada para o encapsulamento de componentes ou dispositivos eletrônicos em virtude de seu baixo coeficiente de expansão térmica que é similar à de vidros duros. Na construção de juntas vitro metálicas com características de hermeticidade a formação de uma camada de óxido na superfície metálica é necessária para que ocorra o molhamento adequado desta superfície pelo sealing glass. Neste trabalho foram utilizados dois tipos de superfícies, subdivididos em grupos, de modo a avaliar a sua influência na formação da camada oxidada. As superfícies foram oxidadas à temperatura de 800 graus C, em atmosfera ambiente, variando o tempo de oxidação em 5, 10, 20 e 40 minutos, seguido de resfriamento ao ar. As camadas de óxido foram caracterizadas quanto a sua morfologia e composição química, utilizando Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia Ótica (MO), Difração de Raio X (DRX) e Espectroscopia de emissão e fótons de raio X (XPS) e Rugosimetria. As camadas de óxido foram avaliadas em função do ganho de massa superficial, espessura, composição química e rugosidade da superfície metálica. Os principais produtos de oxidação, nas condições estudadas foram Hematita (Fe2O3), Magnetita (Fe3O4) e Taenita (FeNi). Foi observado que e as condições superficiais de rugosidade não influenciaram o tipo de produtos de oxidação obtido, porém se obteve maiores ganhos de massa para as superfícies polidas mecanicamente. / [en] The alloy ASTM F15 is used for the encapsulation of components or electronic devices because of its low coefficient of thermal expansion that is similar to hard glasses. In construction joints glass-to-metal tightness with characteristics forming an oxide layer on the metallic surface is required so that adequate wetting takes place at the surface of this sealing glass. This study looked at two types of surfaces, subdivided into groups in order to assess their influence on the oxide layer. One group was subjected to mechanical polishing and the other group subjected to chemical polishing. The surfaces were oxidized at a temperature of 800 degrees C in the ambient atmosphere by varying the oxidation time at 5, 10, 20 and 40 minutes, followed by cooling to air. As oxide layers were characterized for their morphology and chemical composition, using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Optic Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Emission spectroscopy and X-ray photons (XPS) and Rugosimeter.The oxide layer was evaluated in terms of surface mass, thickness, chemical composition and surface roughness of the metal surface. The main oxidation products under the conditions studied were Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Taenita (FeNi). It was observed that, surface roughness conditions did not influence the type of oxidation products obtained, but it had greater mass gains for the mechanically polished surfaces.
46

Synthèse et caractérisation chimique de cristaux et films de diamant par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma micro-ondes / Synthesis and chemical characterization of diamond crystals and films

Hellala, Nesrine 14 November 2006 (has links)
L’objectif de cette étude était la caractérisation chimique de cristaux et films de diamant élaborés par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma micro-ondes sur silicium. Il s’agit d’une approche pluritechnique fondée essentiellement sur les techniques spectroscopiques. La spectroscopie Raman, la spectroscopie XPS, la diffraction des rayons X et la microscopie électronique à balayage ont fournis des informations essentielles et complémentaires sur les propriétés physico-chimiques et structurales des dépôts de diamant en fonction de différents paramètres de synthèse. A titre d’illustration, une nouvelle transition électronique a été observée pour les films présentant des surfaces hydrogénées. Cette transition présente un gap de surface voisin de 2,7 eV mise en évidence par un effet Raman de résonance. Des contraintes internes anisotropes sont observées pour les films présentant un axe de fibre <110> et pour des cristaux multimaclés isolés présentant une germination secondaire. / The aim of this work was to investigate chemical characterization of diamond crystals and films elaborated by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition on silicon. This study was focused on a pluri-technique approach founded on the spectroscopic techniques. Raman spectroscopy, XPS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have provided essential and additional information about physico-chemical and structural properties of diamond deposits according to a various synthesis parameters. As examples, a new electronic transition was observed for hydrogen-terminated diamond surface films. This transition presents a surface gap at 2,7 eV provided by a resonant Raman. Anisotropic internal stresses were observed for films presenting a fiber axis <110> and for isolated twinned crystals presenting a secondary nucleation.
47

Modifikace grafenových struktur ionty o nízké energii (E / The modification of the graphene structures by low energy ions (E

Maniš, Jaroslav January 2016 (has links)
Diploma thesis deals with the influence of low energy ions on graphene structures. Graphene structures were modified by nitrogen and argon ions of energies lower than 100 eV. Modified structures were analysed by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of the dose of ions on quality of graphene were investigated as well. In addition, this diploma thesis includes the literature search which focuses on modification of graphene by charged particles.
48

Conditionnement et fonctionnalisation de la surface du nitrure de silicium / Control and functionalization of silicon nitride surface

Brunet, Marine 06 December 2016 (has links)
La fonctionnalisation de la surface du verre par des molécules organiques permet de modifier son énergie de surface ou d’améliorer l’adhésion d’un revêtement. La méthode classique de fonctionnalisation directe du verre repose sur une réaction de silanisation, via la formation de ponts siloxanes Si O Si. Ces ponts ont tendance à s’hydrolyser en milieu salin ou alcalin, entrainant la perte de la fonctionnalité du verre. Une solution envisagée consiste à déposer une couche de nitrure de silicium (SixN4) sur le verre, permettant de greffer des molécules organiques via des liaisons covalentes robustes : Si C ou N C. Le nitrure de silicium présente l’avantage d’être un matériau très souvent utilisé dans l’industrie verrière en raison de sa capacité à bloquer la diffusion des ions sodium et de protéger ainsi le verre de la corrosion.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de caractériser et contrôler la surface du nitrure de silicium, puis d’optimiser et de comprendre la modification de sa surface par le greffage covalent de molécules organiques.Lorsque le nitrure de silicium est exposé à l’air, une couche d’oxynitrure est formée en surface. L’optimisation et la compréhension du décapage de cette couche d’oxynitrure natif en milieu liquide est l’objet de la première phase de ce travail. La composition chimique de la surface est finement caractérisée et quantifiée en combinant des mesures de spectroscopie infrarouge en mode de réflexion totale atténuée (IR-ATR), de spectroscopie de photoélectrons X (XPS) et des dosages chimiques de surface. Le décapage dans des solutions fluorées (HF et NH4F) permet de retirer efficacement la couche d’oxynitrure et laisse majoritairement en surface des liaisons Si-F et dans une moindre mesure des liaisons N H et Si OH. La composition chimique de la surface peut toutefois être modifiée pour former des groupements Si H, soit en enrichissant la couche du SixN4 en silicium, soit en soumettant la surface à un traitement par plasma d’hydrogène à l’issue du décapage. A partir des observations expérimentales, une proposition décrivant les mécanismes mis en jeu lors du décapage est présentée.Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, la surface du nitrure de silicium est modifiée par l’immobilisation de molécules organiques, plus spécifiquement par la réaction d’un 1 alcène sous activation thermique ou photochimique. La composition chimique de la surface et les conditions d’activation de la réaction modifient la réaction de greffage et la densité des couches organiques. En particulier, la présence de liaisons Si-H et l’enrichissement de la couche en silicium sont étudiés en détail. Dans une dernière partie, dans une visée plus applicative, des couches denses fluorées présentant un caractère hydrophobe naturel sont greffées sur la surface du nitrure de silicium. / Covalent grafting of organic molecules on glass can modify its surface physico-chemical properties or improve the adhesion of a coating. Such a functionalization usually relies on a silanisation reaction, bonding molecules to the surface through Si-O-Si bonds. Unfortunately, the resulting molecular layers do not exhibit long-term stability due to the hydrolysis of siloxane groups. One solution would consist in depositing a silicon nitride layer on glass, allowing the glass surface to be functionalized through more stable bonds N-C or Si-C. Silicon nitride layers are frequently used in glass industry. They are well-known for their durability properties and are often used as a protective layer against glass corrosion.The aim of this project is to characterize and control the non-oxidized silicon nitride surface, then to optimize and understand the surface modification by covalent grafting of organic molecules.When silicon nitride is exposed to atmosphere, an oxynitride layer is formed on its surface. Several efficient ways to remove this native oxynitride are first studied and optimized. The quantitative characterization and control of the surface chemical composition provide a reliable starting point for the functionalization step. The surface chemical composition is quantitatively investigated by combining Attenuated Total Reflection InfraRed spectroscopy (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and chemical dosing. The etching in HF-based solutions efficiently removes the oxynitride layer and leads to a surface mainly covered with Si-F bonds and smaller amounts of Si-OH and N-H bonds. The surface composition can be modified by a H2 plasma treatment performed after the wet etching or by changing the silicon nitride layer composition (silicon enrichment), leading in either case to the formation of Si-H bonds on surface. An etching mechanism is suggested from these experimental observations.The second part of this work is focused on the grafting of the alkyl chains on the silicon nitride surface. The surface is reacted with a 1-alkene, using photochemical or thermal activation. The grafting efficiency depends on the surface composition and the activation conditions. The presence of surface Si-H bonds and the effect of Si enrichment are considered in details. In a final part, in an applicative view, functional hydrophobic molecules are grafted on the silicon nitride surface.
49

Mechanistic Studies of Crotonadehyde Partial Hydrogenation and Ethanol Steam Reforming Reactions on Planar Catalysts—A Gas-Phase and Ambient Pressure XPS Study

Mueanngern, Yutichai 25 September 2020 (has links)
No description available.
50

Sanding, Grit Blasting and Plasma Etching: Effect on Surface Composition and Surface Energy of Graphite/Epoxy Composites

Biao, Qi 02 November 2009 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0125 seconds