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In dieser Arbeit wurden tiefe Zentren in p-leitendem Zinkselenid mittels Kapazitaetstransientenspektroskopie untersucht. Es wurden Au/p-ZnSe/p-GaAs-Schichtstrukturen verwendet Mit Strom-Spannungs- und Kapazitaets-Spannungs-Messungen erfolgte eine Vorcharakterisierung der Proben. Dies lieferte Aussagen zu den bei kleinen Spannungen wirkenden Barrieren des Schottky-Kontaktes und des Hetero¨uberganges und die Bandkantenoffsets. Die effektiven Akzeptorkonzentrationen im p-ZnSe wurden bestimmt. Mit der DLTS wurden vier Loecher-Haftstellen in den p-ZnSe-Schichten gefunden. Ihre thermischen Aktivierungsenergien waren 0,40eV, 0,62eV, 0,83eV und 0,65eV. Die Konzentration des tiefen Zentrums HT nimmt bei Temperung ¨uber 450~K zu; moeglicherweise aufgrund einer Eindiffusion des als Schottky-Kontakt dienenden Goldes. Einfangmessungen fuer das Zentrum HT ergaben einen thermisch aktivierten Einfang mit Multiphononenemission bei einer Einfangbarriere von 0,46eV. Die Entropieaenderung bei der Emission aus dem Zentrum HT wurde bestimmt. Die Emission aus dem Zentrum HT laeuft schneller als der Einfang ab. Moegliche Gruende dafuer werden diskutiert. Mit Isothermalen Kapazitaetstransienten-Messungen und Spannungsvariationen wurde das Emissionsverhalten des tiefen Zentrums HT weitergehend untersucht. Transparente Gold-Kontakte gestatteten eine Beeinflussung der Emissionstransienten mittels Lichteinstrahlung durch den Schottky-Kontakt.

In dieser Arbeit wurden tiefe Zentren in p-leitendem Zinkselenid mittels Kapazitaetstransientenspektroskopie untersucht. Es wurden Au/p-ZnSe/p-GaAs-Schichtstrukturen verwendet Mit Strom-Spannungs- und Kapazitaets-Spannungs-Messungen erfolgte eine Vorcharakterisierung der Proben. Dies lieferte Aussagen zu den bei kleinen Spannungen wirkenden Barrieren des Schottky-Kontaktes und des Hetero¨uberganges und die Bandkantenoffsets. Die effektiven Akzeptorkonzentrationen im p-ZnSe wurden bestimmt. Mit der DLTS wurden vier Loecher-Haftstellen in den p-ZnSe-Schichten gefunden. Ihre thermischen Aktivierungsenergien waren 0,40eV, 0,62eV, 0,83eV und 0,65eV. Die Konzentration des tiefen Zentrums HT nimmt bei Temperung ¨uber 450~K zu; moeglicherweise aufgrund einer Eindiffusion des als Schottky-Kontakt dienenden Goldes. Einfangmessungen fuer das Zentrum HT ergaben einen thermisch aktivierten Einfang mit Multiphononenemission bei einer Einfangbarriere von 0,46eV. Die Entropieaenderung bei der Emission aus dem Zentrum HT wurde bestimmt. Die Emission aus dem Zentrum HT laeuft schneller als der Einfang ab. Moegliche Gruende dafuer werden diskutiert. Mit Isothermalen Kapazitaetstransienten-Messungen und Spannungsvariationen wurde das Emissionsverhalten des tiefen Zentrums HT weitergehend untersucht. Transparente Gold-Kontakte gestatteten eine Beeinflussung der Emissionstransienten mittels Lichteinstrahlung durch den Schottky-Kontakt.

The hot carrier dynamics of Zn0.91Cd0.09Se/ZnSe multi-quantum wells were studied using the femtosecond time-resolved photoluminescence upconversion technique. The carrier cooling behavior was investigated for different compositions at various lattice temperatures. The hot carriers generated photoexcitation by 405nm Ti:sapphire laser pulses release their excess energy primarily through carrier-LO-phonon interaction. As the excess energy reduce to the amount that lower than the energy of LO phonon, the excess energy was released by carrier-TA-phonon scattering before radiative recombination occurs. We have determined the scattering times of carrier-LO-phonon scattering at different lattice temperatures. No hot phonon effects was found at low photoexcited carrier density. The dependence of photoluminescence lifetime on wavelength was also discussed.

We attempted to fabricate the CuInSe2:Sb thin-film solar cells with a Al/ZnO:Al(AZO)/ ZnSe /CuInSe2:Sb /Mo/soda-lime glass(SLG) structure. The growth of CuInSe2 film in the presence of Sb can effectively improve the surface morphology and benefit the growth of the device. A ZnSe buffer layer has been applied as an attractive alternative to a CdS buffer layer, thus eliminating environment from pollution. By varying the Ar pressure during the deposition, the Mo bilayer has been fabricated with both low resistivity and good adhesion. Currently the tensile stress was maintained below 100MPa, and the lowest sheet resistance achieved 0.205(£[/¡¼). The fabrication condition with a 5-cm sputtering distance could provide the lowest resistivity of 1.73¡Ñ10-3 (£[-cm) in the AZO thin-film that shows a transmittance of above 80¢Min the visible range. Applying the technology of optical lithography to deposit the Al metal front grid, the Al/ AZO ohmic contact resistance was improved. The energy conversion efficiency of the CIS thin-film solar cell (Al/ AZO/ ZnSe /CuInSe2 /Mo/ SLG) was 4.4¢M(Voc =0.41 V¡AI sc = 3.9 mA ¡AFF = 69 ¢M) by applying the irradiation with a solar simulator under one-sun (AM1.5, 100mW/cm2) conditions. However, the efficiency of CIS:Sb solar cell (Al/ AZO/ ZnSe /CuInSe2 :Sb /Mo/ SLG) was improved to to 6.0¢M(Voc =0.43 V¡AI sc = 5.15 mA ¡AFF = 68 ¢M). This result indicates that the CIS film growth with Sb can increase the short-circuit current.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12695号 / 論工博第4084号 / 新制||工||1555(附属図書館) / 29947 / (主査）教授 平尾 一之, 教授 田中 勝久, 教授 三浦 清貴 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

Master of Science / Department of Chemistry / Emily McLaurin / Cu-doped ZnSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals were synthesized using the growth doping method. Upon shell growth, the nanocrystals exhibit dual emission. The green luminescence peak is assigned as band edge emission and the broad, lower energy red peak is due to Cu dopant. Although, the oxidation state of Cu in the nanocrystals is debated, the emission is explained as recombination of a hole related to Cu²⁺ with an electron from the conduction band. The emission changed in the presence of dodecanethiol. Generally, the band edge emission intensity decreases and the Cu emission intensity increases. One explanation is the thiol acts as a hole trap, preventing hole transfer to the conduction band. Samples were obtained with varying amounts of Cd²⁺. In the presence of larger amounts of Cd²⁺, the nanocrystals had “thicker shells”, and both the band edge and Cu emission were less sensitive to thiol. The sensitivity likely decreased because the shelled, larger nanocrystals have fewer surface defects resulting in more available electrons.

In the present thesis, the properties at ferromagnet/semiconductor interfaces, relevant for semiconductor spintronics applications, are addressed. Semiconductor spintronics refers to the possibility of storing information using the electron spin, additional to the electron charge, for enhanced flexibility in nanoscale semiconductor devices. The system under focus is the Fe/ZnSe(001) heterostructure, where ZnSe is a wide gap semiconductor ideally compatible with GaAs. The heterostructures are grown on GaAs(001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. From various electron-beam based diffraction, spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, it is shown that Fe grows epitaxially and predominantly in a layer-by-layer mode on ZnSe(001) with no presence of chemically reacted phases or interdiffusion. An in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) is detected for thin Fe films on ZnSe(001) by magnetometry, thus opposing the cubic symmetry of bcc Fe. From first principles calculations, the unidirectional sp3-bonds from ZnSe are shown to induce this uniaxiality. Moreover, an in-plane anisotropic lattice relaxation of Fe is found experimentally, seemingly as a consequence of the sp3-bonds, giving an additional UMA contribution via magneto-elastic coupling. It is proposed that these two effects are responsible for the much-debated UMA observed in Fe/semiconductor structures in general. The interface magnetism is probed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is found that the magnetic moment at the interface is comparable or even enhanced with respect to the bulk Fe. These two experiments are believed to provide the first unambiguous proof of a persistent bulk magnetic moment at a transition metal/semiconductor interface. Spin-polarised transport measurements are performed on Fe/ZnSe/FeCo magnetic tunnel junctions. A magnetoresistance of 16% is found at low temperature, which evidences both the existence of interface spin polarisation, as inferred from the bulk magnetic moment above, and that the spin polarisation can be transmitted across the semiconductor barrier layer.

Das Halbleitermaterial Zinkselenid (ZnSe) wurde mit Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) untersucht. Fuer planar N-dotierte, MO-CVD-gewachsene ZnSe-Schichten auf p-GaAs wurden vorwiegend breite Zustandsverteilungen, aber auch tiefe Niveaus gefunden. In kristallin gezuechtetem, undotiertem ZnSe wurden tiefe Stoerstellen nachgewiesen.

abstract: A dual chamber molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system was rebuilt for the growth of 6.1 Angstrom II-VI and III-V compound semiconductor materials that are to be used in novel optoelectronic devices that take advantage of the nearly continuous bandgap availability between 0 eV and 3.4 eV. These devices include multijunction solar cells and multicolor detectors. The MBE system upgrade involved the conversion of a former III-V chamber for II-VI growth. This required intensive cleaning of the chamber and components to prevent contamination. Special features including valved II-VI sources and the addition of a cold trap allowed for the full system to be baked to 200 degrees Celsius to improve vacuum conditions and reduce background impurity concentrations in epilayers. After the conversion, the system was carefully calibrated and optimized for the growth of ZnSe and ZnTe on GaAs (001) substrates. Material quality was assessed using X-ray diffraction rocking curves. ZnSe layers displayed a trend of improving quality with decreasing growth temperature reaching a minimum full-width half-maximum (FWHM) of 113 arcsec at 278 degrees Celsius. ZnTe epilayer quality increased with growth temperature under Zn rich conditions attaining a FWHM of 84 arcsec at 440 degrees Celsius. RHEED oscillations were successfully observed and used to obtain growth rate in situ for varying flux and temperature levels. For a fixed flux ratio, growth rate decreased with growth temperature as the desorption rate increased. A directly proportional dependence of growth rate on Te flux was observed for Zn rich growth. Furthermore, a method for determining the flux ratio necessary for attaining the stoichiometric condition was demonstrated. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2012