The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the operational program Education for competitiveness due to its importance for high school. Show how a project application, what is the relevance and acceptability of a course project applications submitted. In conclusion, I focus on the success of university applicants and a brief assessment of whether there has been implementing projects in the area of ??support 2.2 Higher education to improve education at universities.

[pt] Esta pesquisa investiga microcenas narrativas produzidas em um Grupo de Discussão por quatro professores de diferentes disciplinas da Educação Básica, no momento em que os participantes tematizam questões importantes para o trabalho docente, sobretudo, àquelas relacionadas aos desafios do magistério. Inserido na área de Linguística Aplicada, o estudo tem por objetivo analisar como ocorre a coconstrução das identidades profissionais dos professores que emergem em microcenas narrativas, bem como investigar os discursos avaliativos realizados pelos participantes na reconstrução de suas identidades profissionais. A arquitetura teórica conjuga abordagens estruturais (LABOV; WALETZKY, 1967; LABOV, 1972) e interacionais (MOITA LOPES, 2001; BASTOS, 2004, 2005; DE FINA, 2008) para análise da narrativa, assim como entrelaça estudos sociológicos (BAUMAN, 2005; HALL, 2005; GIDDENS, 1999, 2002) à perspectiva socioconstrucionista de identidade (BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2003, 2005; MOITA LOPES, 2002, 2003). Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, a perspectiva metodológica qualitativa e interpretativa (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006) de cunho etnográfico foi utilizada, com foco em uma interação produzida ao longo de um Grupo de Discussão. Os resultados indicam que: (i) os participantes avaliam suas experiências docentes a partir dos desafios que enfrentam em sala de aula; (ii) os docentes constroem narrativas de sofrimento que reforçam suas dificuldades em lidar com os desafios da profissão, mas, por outro lado, reforçam seus desejos de lutar e permanecer no magistério, apesar de tais desafios; (iii) os professores constroem múltiplas identidades profissionais coletivas em distintos momentos da interação, evidenciando o engajamento e a cooperação para o desenvolvimento de suas histórias e; (iv) os elementos avaliativos são constitutivos do processo de construção das identidades profissionais dos professores. / [en] This research investigates narrative scenes produced by four teachers from different disciplines of Basic Education while discussing issues based on their professional practice, especially those related to the challenges of teaching. Inserted in the area of Applied Linguistic, the study aims at analyzing how the co-construction of teachers professional identities occurs as well as aims at investigating the evaluative discourses carried out by the participants in the reconstruction of their professional identities. The theoretical architecture interfaces structural (LABOV; WALETZKY, 1967; LABOV, 1972) and interactional approaches (MOITA LOPES, 2001; BASTOS, 2004, 2005; DE FINA, 2008) for narrative analysis, as well as links sociological studies (BAUMAN, 2005; HALL, 2005; GIDDENS, 1999, 2002) to the socioconstructionist perspective of identity (BUCHOLTZ; HALL, 2003, 2005; MOITA LOPES, 2002, 2003). With the intention to reach the proposed objectives, the qualitative and interpretive methodological perspective (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006) was adopted, focusing on an interaction produced throughout a Discussion Group. Results indicate that: (i) participants evaluate their teaching experiences from the challenges they face in the classroom; (ii) teachers construct narratives of suffering that reinforce their difficulties in dealing with the challenges of the profession, but, on the other hand, reinforce their desire to fight and remain in the teaching profession; (iii) teachers construct multiple collective professional identities at different moments of the interaction, evidencing the engagement and cooperation for the development of their stories and; (iv) the evaluative elements are constitutive of teachers’ professional identities.

Resumo: Os sabonetes são preparações destinadas à higiene e conhecidos há mais de 4000 anos. São constituídos por sais de ácidos graxos com propriedades detergentes, resultantes da saponificação entre ácidos graxos superiores e seus glicerídeos à custa de um material alcalino. Podem ser incorporados com diversas substâncias que possuem algum efeito terapêutico ou preventivo sobre a pele, por facilitarem o contato de tais substâncias com o tecido alvo. Porém, isto nem sempre é possível. Por tratar-se de um tensoativo aniônico carboxilado e ter elevada alcalinidade, muitos dos materiais ou ativos a serem incorporados a este tipo de preparação podem apresentar instabilidade. Com o advento dos detergentes sintéticos tal situação pode ser contornada, e apesar de constituírem-se também em tensoativos aniônicos, e por terem origem em ácidos fortes, permitem o preparo de sabonetes líquidos não alcalinos e apresentam maior compatibilidade frente a diversos ativos. Entre as diversas possibilidades de ativos, os agentes antimicrobianos, merecem atenção especial, uma vez que encontra nos sabonetes um excelente veículo para desempenhar sua função na assepsia da pele. A clorexidina é um anti-séptico de amplo espectro de ação, sendo ativo frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, fungos, leveduras e vírus. Atua sobre a membrana celular causando perda de material intracelular, tais como ácido nucléico e potássio, inibição respiratória e coagulação citoplasmática. Pode apresentar-se na forma de diversos sais como acetato, cloridrato, gluconato e digluconato. Neste trabalho foram estudadas formulações contendo solução de digluconato de clorexidina. A solução amostra utilizada para preparação dos sabonetes foi avaliada quanto a alguns parâmetros como pH, densidade relativa, ponto de fusão, cromatografia em camada delgada, espectroscopia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The soaps are preparation for hygiene and they are well known for 4000 years ago. They are constituited by salts of fatty acids with detergent properties, resulting from saponification of fatty acids superiorities and glycerides using an alkaline material. They may be incorporated with several substances that have a preventive or therapeutic effect on the skin, by facilitating the contact of such substances with the target tissue. However, this is not always possible. The soaps are anionic surfactant and carboxylic and they have high alkalinity, many of the materials or activities to be incorporated into this type of preparation may be instable. With the advent of synthetic detergents such situation can be avoided, and despite of they be also anionic surfactants, and are based on strong acids, allow the preparation of liquid soaps and alkali not have greater compatibility front of several assets. Among the various possibilities of active, antimicrobial agents deserve special attention, since the soap is an excellent vehicle to perform its function in the asepsis of the skin. The chlorhexidine is an antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Chlorhexidine is an excellent antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Acts on the cell membrane causing loss of intracellular material, such as nucleic acid and potassium, respiration inhibition and cytoplasmic coagulation. The salts of chlorhexidine can be acetate, hydrochloride, gluconate and digluconate. In this work formulation were studied with solution of chlorhexidine digluconate. The sample solution employed to prepare the liquid soaps was evaluated for some parameters such as pH, relative density, melting point, thin-layer chromatography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado / Coorientador: Marcos Antonio Corrêa / Banca: Maria José Vieira Fonseca / Banca: Maria Stella Gonçalves Raddi / Mestre

Orientadores: Guido Costa Souza de Araújo, Mario Lúcio Côrtes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:47:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana_MarceloFontes_M.pdf: 4262688 bytes, checksum: 3e2635e36cd3272eb4bd09c07b05bf63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O resumo, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_samuel_felix.pdf: 483417 bytes, checksum: 782ad0a9939b35b83a255622221d018c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / Leptospirosis is a disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the Leptospira genus. This zoonosis of worldwide distribution causes veterinarian and public health issues, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates. In veterinary medicine, leptospirosis is important both as a clinical problem, causing illness in domestic animals, and an economic problem, causing productive and reproductive losses in commercial herds. Vaccination of these animals is applied, however protection conferred by these conventional vaccines is limited, and the carrier status is not always avoided. Recombinant outer membrane proteins seem to be the most promising antigens to replace the traditional bacterins (whole cell inactivated preparations), but thus far none of the tested proteins have turned satisfactory results. The goal of this study was to assess recombinant antigens and vaccine preparations, regarding their capability of producing protective immunity in hamsters, against lethal leptospirosis. Moreover, heterologous protection was sought, and assessed. The prevalence anti-Leptospira antibodies in stray dogs from the city of Pelotas was assessed using serogroups Icterohaemorrhagie and Canicola antigens. Several experiments were conducted to assess the protective potential of previously described leptospiral proteins. Twenty seven proteins were used to immunize hamsters which were then challenged with virulent Leptospira. Furthermore, leading vaccine candidates, LipL32 and LigB, were assessed regarding their protective potential when co-administered with traditional bacterins in previously established heterologous challenge experiments. A total of 28.96% of the animals tested were seropositive for the disease in the prevalence assay. Of the 27 antigens tried, two were shown to have some protective potential. Although no protection was demonstrated in the coadministration experiment, leptospiral bacterins seem to have some immunestimulating activity. / A leptospirose é uma doença causada por espiroquetas do gênero Leptospira. É uma zoonose de ampla distribuição geográfica, sendo um problema de saúde pública e veterinária, principalmente em países subdesenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento de clima tropical e subtropical. Em medicina veterinária, a leptospirose é uma doença importante tanto para a clínica quanto para a produção, devido ao risco à saúde pública, perdas reprodutivas e óbitos. A vacinação animal é realizada como medida de prevenção da enfermidade, entretanto, a proteção conferida pelas vacinas comerciais é limitada e não evita a condição de portador. Os antígenos protéicos da membrana externa parecem ser a melhor alternativa para substituir as vacinas atualmente disponíveis, porém, após diversos estudos, nenhum apresentou resultados satisfatórios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar antígenos recombinantes e preparações vacinais, capazes de conferir proteção de amplo espectro, em hamsters, contra leptospirose letal. A prevalência da leptospirose em cães da cidade de Pelotas foi aferida em um ensaio de diagnóstico sorológico usando como antígeno cepas dos sorogrupos Icterohaemorrhagie e Canicola. Em uma série de experimentos de prospecção de alvos, grupos de hamsters foram vacinados com diferentes proteínas recombinantes e posteriormente desafiados com cepa virulenta de Leptospira sp. Após o desenvolvimento de modelo para avaliação de proteção contra desafios heterólogos, as proteínas rLipL32 e rLigBNI foram avaliadas quando coadministradas com bacterinas (preparações de células inteiras inativadas por calor) em hamsters, sofrendo posterior desafio com quatro cepas de sorogrupos diferentes. Uma soroprevalência de 28,96% foi encontrada nos ensaios de prevalência. Duas de 27 proteínas recombinantes triadas foram identificadas como possíveis imunógenos. Apesar da falta de proteção demonstrada no experimento de coadministração de proteína e bacterina contra desafio homólogo ou heterólogo, a bacterina parece ter ação imunoestimulante.

This report generally focuses on the process of getting medicine from the pharmacy in the hospital. The processes are different in Sweden and in China due to the different concrete conditions. Compared with the Swedish process the Chinese flow lags fairly far behind. To optimize the Chinese process by taking advantage of the Swedish process is the intention of this report; it also gives the advice on how to improve the performance for the Swedish process. By comparing the multiple theories for process improvement, I used Business Process Reengineering (BPR) theory to reengineer the Chinese process and used Continues Process Improvement (CPI) theory to ameliorate the Swedish process. The differences between BPR and CPI are also revealed in this report.

Idag skapas och lagras enorma mängder data, samtidigt som endast en liten del av datan analyseras och används. Big data är ett begrepp som cirkulerat i flera år, men på senare år har det fått allt större innebörd. Allt fler företag börjar få upp ögonen för big data, samtidigt som få verkligen vet hur det ska användas. Vissa frågar sig till och med: finns det någon affärsnytta? Med fokus på detaljhandelsbranschen undersöker vi huruvida det finns en affärsnytta med big data, och framförallt vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns kopplade till det. Begrepp som business intelligence och analytics diskuteras i sambandet. I denna kvalitativa studie har tre experter från olika företag; IBM, Knowit och Exor, intervjuats. Resultatet från intervjuerna har kopplats till den teori som tagits fram ur litteratur kring ämnet, och jämförts i analysen. Samtliga identifierade utmaningar och möjligheter har listats, och bland slutsatser ses att de etiska och mänskliga faktorerna har stor betydelse, och att affärsnyttan kan vara beroende av ett företags storlek och marknad. Uppsatsen är skriven på svenska. / Enormous amounts of data is created and stored today, all the while only a small amount of data is being analysed and used. Big data is a term that has circulated for years, however in recent years its meaning have been increased. More enterprises are starting to open their eyes for big data, while few understand how to actually use it. Some even ask themselves: is there a business benefit? With a focus on the retail industry, we examine whether there is a business benefit with using big data, and above all what challenges and opportunities are connected to it. Terms such as business intelligence and analytics are discussed in the relationship to big data. In this qualitative study, three experts from different enterprises; IBM, Knowit and Exor, have been interviewed. The results from the interviews has been connected to the theory from the literature around the subject, and has been compared in the analysis. All identified challenges and opportunities have been listed, and among the conclusions can the ethical and human factors be seen to have a major importance, and that the business benefits can be dependent of an enterprises’ size and market. The essay is written in Swedish.

A variety of lenses were used to examine the world of the novice science teacher. A degree of agency was provided by looking through the eyes of the beginning teacher. Previous studies focused on researcher or program’s orientation, the successes of various educator preparation programs, or were limited in scope to elementary teachers of science. This study was conducted to better understand and appreciate the high school novice science teacher’s view of science, teaching, and teaching science in the today’s contextual setting. Experiences encountered during the initial year of teaching high school science and as perceived by teachers without previous professional teaching experience presents are presented. A multiple case study was built around four individual novice cases from one of the largest school districts in the state of Florida. Of the four cases, three participants were rehired for the following year. The fourth left teaching after nine weeks. The research questions are: How do today’s novice science teachers describe their first year’s teaching experiences? How do novice teacher’s feelings about being science teachers change during their first year of teaching? How do beginning science teachers describe their successes? And, what challenges do today’s beginning science teachers face? These research questions were asked to relate the novice experiences and perceptions associated with the initial year of teaching high school science. Emergent themes included concerns for questionable ethical administrative actions and poor administrative decisions as they are perceived by the novice science teacher. Findings of the multiple case study relate experiences perceived as positive, bureaucratic, involving student and parent apathy, local administration, and missed communications. Beliefs changed about student needs, mandated science exams, district micromanagement, confidence, and unique personal changes. Descriptions provided of success involved mentoring, students, lesson planning, confidence, and retention. Perceived challenges were parent and student apathy, mandated science exam validity, student needs, micromanagement of science lessons, discipline, abandonment, and development. The researcher was employed as a science teacher in the same district as the participants, but at a separate high school.

Project management used to be described as rational and well structured - a notion that builds on a traditional view that project management is about planning, budgeting and controlling. Nevertheless, it has been questioned if this is a full description. Even though project management techniques were developed for large projects, those techniques and models are used today in small projects of short duration - projects that are quite dissimilar to the large ones. The present study takes a practice perspective to investigate what project managers do when they lead such short projects. Its observations and interviews are used to analyze what happens in the everyday life of project managers. Using classical managerial behaviour studies as a foundation, seen through a practice perspective lens, the study finds that the work of project managers in a software development project is fragmented – their time is filled with formal and informal meetings of different kinds and efforts to resist disturbances in the project. Three challenges were found in the project manager’s work. The first was to Understand: to create meaning. The plans were clearly defined at the start of the project but as the goals were later re-defined, it was scarcely possible to finalize them before delivery. Contrary to the traditional view that plans are inflexible, these plans were discussed, negotiated and interpreted throughout the project. This was the continuous work of creating both meaning in the plans and a common understanding of the project. The second challenge was to Order/coordinate: to manage resources. The project manager reacted to emerging issues rather than acting to prevent things from happening. These reactions led to creative ways of managing and finding solutions to problems. One important way of managing new or changed conditions was to reorganize resources to cover the needs of different teams. The meetings played a central role in this work as arenas for negotiating resources, which became especially evident in times of stress or high workload. The third challenge was to Make it in time: to manage time. Time is a central aspect of project management as projects are temporary organizations; they have a beginning and an end. Previous research has found a point in time, in the middle of a project, when the team starts to feel pressured and stressed about meeting their deadlines. For project managers there is always a struggle to manage time, as dates for delivery are one of the things in a project that are not negotiable. In short-duration projects where projects follow each other seriatim, there is an almost constant feeling of urgency; stress and pressure. The project manager used experiential data to determine and plan the amount of time that would be needed to manage changes in the project, intending that the slack created would enable the project to deliver on time. Although changes and deviations were expected, the project manager rarely knew beforehand what they were or when they would come. The three challenges, previously described as separated from each other, were observed to be all managed simultaneously. The site, the practitioner and the practices influence daily work practice.

The purpose of this thesis is to critically examine how W.V. Quine, Michael A. Bishop and J.D. Trout confront the normativity objection against naturalized epistemology. In Chapter One, normativity in epistemology is introduced, followed by a brief look over Quine’s grievances against the traditional approach to epistemology. Quine rejects traditional epistemology and assimilates epistemology with science. The second chapter assesses how Quine naturalizes epistemology, and the third chapter evaluates his engineering response against the normativity objection. Bishop and Trout’s theory, founded upon the Aristotelian Principle, concentrates on reasoning and epistemic excellence instead of belief justification. Strategic Reliabilism’s attempt to dissolve the naturalistic challenge and resolve the normativity objection is inspected in Chapter Four. The final chapter, succinctly, summarizes its preceding chapters and ends by suggesting a closer exploration of the link between epistemology and cognitive sciences, to better understand the underlying mechanics of the objections that face naturalized epistemology. / Graduate / 0422 / 0621 / soushi@gmail.com