En este presente trabajo de sustentación profesional se realizará una recapitulación del Expediente Nº 15199-2014-0-1801-JR-LA-08, Proceso Ordinario Laboral y el Expediente Nº 33591-2008-0-1801-JR-CI-31, Proceso Abreviado. Además, se incluirá un apartado de opinión analítica de los mismos que se encontraron acompañado con extractos jurisprudenciales y doctrinales relevantes en cada caso. Por un lado, el proceso laboral se llevó a cabo entre la empresa Securitas S.A.C. y el señor Carlos Quintana Alvino quien interpuso demanda por desnaturalización de contratos y otros. Por otro lado, el proceso civil se llevó a cabo entre la Sociedad de Beneficencia de Lima y Elizabeth Amanda Palomino Córdova quien interpuso demanda a fin de que la Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima cumpla con reembolsar la suma de S/ 338,857.73 soles por concepto de pago de mejoras contractualmente pactadas. / In this present professional support work, a recapitulation of File No. 15199-2014-0-1801-JR-LA-08, Ordinary Labor Process and File No. 33591-2008-0-1801-JR-CI-31, Process Abbreviated. In addition, it will include an analytical opinion section of the same that were found accompanied by relevant jurisprudential and doctrinal extracts in each case. On the one hand, the labor process was carried out between the company Securitas S.A.C. and Mr. Carlos Quintana Alvino, who filed a lawsuit for denaturing contracts and others. On the other hand, the civil process was carried out between the Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima and Elizabeth Amanda Palomino Cordova who filed a lawsuit so that the Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Lima complies with reimbursing the sum of S / 338,857.73 soles for payment. of contractually agreed improvements. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Practices to promote gender equality and equal opportunities for men and women have become an important part of many organizations' agenda. However, women are still experiencing challenges in career advancement to a larger extent than men. This is due to structural, cultural and societal factors and other types of discrimination against women. This thesis aims to explore the experienced challenges and opportunities for career advancement by women in the Swedish energy industry, a male dominated industry. Although Sweden is a leading country regarding gender equality, women are still paid less and are exposed to discrimination and subordination. The energy industry has made efforts to improve gender equality, focusing on wage and gender distribution, but there is still more to be done to achieve equal opportunities for men and women. This thesis combines qualitative and quantitative methods and presents empirical data on women’s experiences of career and its challenges and opportunities. The empirical data is based on a survey with female respondents that are members of an organization that promotes gender equality within the energy industry. The findings indicate that the women experience both structural and cultural discrimination in their organizations, where they often are subordinated to men. Furthermore, results also indicate that men empower other men in career advancement in the organizations. Moreover, the current gender order together with gender structures create challenges for women in their careers in male dominated industries. However, there are situations where the respondents describe how they benefit from their gender minority situation, indicating opportunities for career advancement. / Jämställdhet och lika möjligheter för män och kvinnor har blivit en viktig del av organisationers arbete. Däremot upplever fortfarande kvinnor utmaningar gällande karriärutveckling i större utsträckning än män. Dessa utmaningar baseras bland annat på strukturell, kulturell och samhällelig diskriminering mot kvinnor. Den här avhandlingen syftar till att utforska de upplevda utmaningarna och möjligheterna för karriärutveckling hos kvinnor i den svenska energibranschen, vilken är en mansdominerad bransch. Även om Sverige är ledande inom jämställdhet mellan könen så tjänar kvinnor mindre än män samt utsätts för diskriminering och blir underordnade. Energibranschen har under den senaste tiden gjort ansträngningar för att förbättra jämställdhet mellan könen, där man fokuserat på lön och könsfördelning, men det finns fortfarande mycket kvar att göra för att uppnå samma möjligheter för män och kvinnor. Denna uppsats kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder och presenterar empiriska data på kvinnors erfarenheter kring karriär och dess utmaningar och möjligheter. Den empiriska data är baserad på en enkät med deltagare från en organisation som arbetar för jämställdhet i energibranschen. Resultaten tyder på att kvinnorna i studien upplever såväl strukturell som kulturell diskriminering i deras organisationer, där de ofta upplevs underordnade till män. Vidare indikerar resultaten att män stöttar andra män i karriärutveckling i de deltagande kvinnornas organisationer. Dessutom, den nuvarande könsordningen kombinerat med informella definitioner av manlighet och kvinnlighet skapar utmaningar för kvinnor och deras karriärer i mansdominerade industrier. Å andra sidan, finns det situationer där kvinnorna i studien upplever att de drar nytta från deras könsminoritet vilket indikerar möjligheter för karriärutveckling.

Energy storage is crucial for intermittent renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and portable devices. The continuously increasing energy consumption in these industries necessitates the enhancement of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIB), especially regarding their safety and energy density. Historically, aqueous electrolytes were the norm in the battery industry. Prior to the development of lithium batteries, most commercially significant batteries used water as the solvent. In the past decade, "highly concentrated" electrolytes resurrected the notion of an aqueous lithium-ion battery (ALIB). Significant efforts have been made since then to comprehend the interfacial stability of these high-concentration electrolytes, and make them suitable for use in batteries especially high voltage ones. Another candidate for future batteries is All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSB) as they have the potential to double, or even triple, the energy density figures we currently achieve in LIBs mainly due to their ability to utilize lithium metal anode which has the highest specific capacity among anodes (3860 mAh g⁻¹), lowest reduction potential (-3.04 V vs SHE), and low density (0.53 g cm⁻³). This thesis first proposes a phenomenological model to describe the microstructure of aqueous electrolyte and the relation between their phase diagrams with ionic conductivity; highlighting a common correlation between the eutectic composition and peak ionic conductivity in conductivity isotherms. we then propose an empirical model correlating ionic conductivity with both molar concentration and temperature. The aim of this portion of the thesis is to provide an in depth understanding of aqueous electrolytes' physical properties in a way that can help researchers optimize the energy density and the cost of ALIBs. Moving further, the thesis presents two novel composite solid electrolytes (CSE) that were developed and fully characterized. Both of which were composed of the following four components; polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) perovskite inorganic ceramic and the polymer plasticizer succinonitrile (SN). The careful formulation of these CSEs was based on the trade-off between film forming ability and ionic conductivity. The optimized polymer rich CSE proved to have better characteristics when compared to its ceramic rich alternative. ASSBs employing both CSEs were successfully charged and discharged when coupled with lithium metal anode and in-lab prepared composite cathode. The developed thin and flexible CSEs could be utilized in small applications (Wh-KWh) such as in consumer electronics and flexible biomedical devices (e.g., pacemakers) or larger applications (kWh-MWh) such as in EVs and large format storage for the electrical grid.

Sustainability has become an increasingly relevant topic today where companies face societal pressure to contribute through sustainability efforts. The IT sector is rapidly changing with technological development, making research on sustainability strategies quickly outdated. Therefore, a qualitative case study was conducted on an IT consultancy firm. The aim of the study was to provide new insight into the interpretation of sustainability for an IT consultancy firm, as well as the driving forces and challenges associated with their sustainability strategy. To achieve this goal, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants selected through snowball sampling. The interviews were then analyzed using a thematic analysis approach, where the interviews were transcribed, transformed into codes, and finally sorted into themes. The results showed that the IT consulting firm worked with the following policies for its sustainability strategy: procurement, waste sorting, carbon-free transportation, sustainable working hours, gender equality, and sustainable consultants. Employees were central to the development and implementation of these policies. Another factor in the development of these policies was external forces such as new regulations. The policies are processed through the employees or the external force and then moved on to the management group, which consists of all office managers. The driving forces identified were a moral duty, a competitive advantage for employees and customers, financial benefits, and risk management. The attractiveness for the recruitment of new employees could be considered the most important driving force as the topic is so relevant among the new generation. The challenges identified were finding the right type of policy and the difficulty of measuring sustainability work, which supports previous research even though there are protocols for measuring sustainability work. / Hållbarhet har blivit ett alltmer aktuellt ämne idag där företag har pressen från samhället att bidra genom hållbarhetsarbeten.  IT-sektorn ändras snabbt med teknikutveckling där forskning om hållbarhetsstrategier snabbt kan bli föråldrat. Därav gjordes en kvalitativ fallstudie på ett IT-konsultbolag. Målet med studien var att framföra nytt underlag på tolkningen av hållbarhet för ett IT-konsultbolag samt vilka drivkrafter och hinder det kan finnas med deras hållbarhetsstrategi. För att uppnå målet gjordes semistrukturerade intervjuer där urvalet valdes genom metoden snöbollsurval.  Efter intervjuerna gjordes en analys inspirerad av tematiskanalys. Där intervjuerna transkriberades och omvandlades sedan till koder och slutligen sorterade till teman. Resultatet visade att IT-konsultbolaget arbetade med följande policys för sin hållbarhetsstrategi: inköp, källsortering, koldioxidfria transportmedel, hållbara arbetstider, jämställdhet och hållbara konsulter. Där medarbetaren var centrala kring policys och framtagandet av policys. En annan faktor till framtagande av policys var externa krafter som ny reglering. Framtagandet av policys går igenom medarbetarna eller den externa kraften för att sedan gå vidare till ledningsgruppen som består av alla kontorschefer. De drivkrafter som hittades var moralisk plikt, konkurrensfördel för medarbetare och kunder, finansiella fördelar och riskhantering. Där attraktivitet för rekrytering av nya medarbetare kunde anses som den drivkraften som vägde mest då ämnet är så aktuellt bland den nya generationen. De hinder som hittades var hitta rätt typ av policy och svårigheten att mäta hållbarhetsarbetet. Vilket stödjer tidigare forskning trots att det existerar protokoll för att mäta hållbarhetsarbete.

The study explored how storytelling develops resilience in Black women, enabling them to thrive after overcoming adversity. Storytelling can be conducted in a variety of ways, such as through writing, interaction with others, and self-analysis, however, this study will focus on the value of informal oral storytelling through the interactions with others. Studies reveal that Black women are disproportionately impacted by inequities concerning equal rights, employment, equal pay, education, discrimination, affordable healthcare and housing, criminal justice, and voting rights. Despite these inequities, Black women are significant contributors to the workforce, economy, and society, demonstrating resilience. There is limited research that includes Black women’s voices in counter response to inequities and how storytelling increases their resilience, enabling them to thrive. The study reviewed literature of Black women’s history, Critical Race Theory, intersectionality, adult personal resilience, Resilience Theory, storytelling, and narrative inquiry. I interviewed Black women and, in that process, invited them to share stories and artifacts demonstrating their resilience. The study examined who shared stories with these Black women and who they shared their stories with. The study explored whether Black women increased their resilience to thrive through storytelling. The study applied the qualitative research approach using narrative inquiry and Resilience Theory as the theoretical framework. The study aimed to diminish the literature gap and provide a counter-narrative on how Black women increase their resilience to thrive through storytelling.

This thesis delves into the unique educational challenges and learning styles of students with reading and writing difficulties, specifically within the context of programming and web development. We explore the aspects of cognition, emotion, and motivation, offering a nuanced exploration of how task structures and educational environments impact these students. Employing an Activity and Action-Based framework, the study engages with a blend of observational and interview methodologies. This approach provides an in-depth understanding of how students with reading and writing difficulties interact with and perceive various educational tasks, particularly those with a heavy reliance on text. The insights gleaned from this research are significant, offering valuable guidance for tailoring educational strategies and technological tools to more effectively meet the needs of students with reading and writing difficulties in the increasingly important fields of programming and web development. / Detta examensarbete utforskar de unika utbildningsutmaningarna och inlärningsstrategier hos studenter med läs- och skrivsvårigheter, särskilt inom programmering och webbutveckling. Vi undersöker aspekter av kognition, emotion och motivation och erbjuder en nyanserad bild av hur uppgiftsstrukturer och utbildningsmiljöer påverkar dessa studenter. Genom att använda en aktivitets- och handlingsbaserad ram, engagerar sig studien i en kombination av observations- och intervju-metodologier. Denna metod ger en djup förståelse för hur studenter med läs- och skrivsvårigheter interagerar med och uppfattar olika utbildningsuppgifter, särskilt de mer textintensiva. Insikterna som erhållits från denna forskning är betydande och erbjuder värdefull vägledning för att anpassa utbildningsstrategier och teknologiska verktyg för att mer effektivt möta behoven hos studenter med läs- och skrivsvårigheter inom de alltmer viktiga områdena programmering och webbutveckling.

Global food systems are facing a grand challenge due to daunting food security targets, risk vulnerabilities (e.g., COVID-19 crisis), internal unsustainability regarding resource use and contribution to environmental degradation (e.g., GHG emissions, land degradation and biodiversity loss). Such a situation demands a transformation of the global food system towards more local, alternative, community, and sustainable food systems. Past studies of the food system have shown that major advances toward socio-environmental sustainability can be achieved through the application of technology and the push for innovation. Therefore, since water is at the center of all food system challenges this study focused on climate-resilient water innovation, which includes using hydroponics, aeroponics or aquaponics technologies within a Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) to bring about this change. This qualitative study was undertaken to uncover the individual, institutional, technological, and farm/organizational factors that influenced the adoption of such climate-resilient water technologies. Additionally, it also involved investigating the individual construals and their relation to sustainable water innovation adoption. The study was able to discover new constructs, namely- sustainability ethos, individual construals, land/soil characteristics, location of urban farm, farm size bias, inter-provincial variation, complex systemic technologies, localization, and all-year-round production, that act as barriers and facilitators to sustainable water innovation adoption. Finally, developed a sustainable water innovation adoption model using an inductive and deductive approach that can be used by technology providers, the government and policy institutions for insightful decision-making with respect to water innovation in the Canadian agri-food sector.

Developing Deep Learning models capable of learning to reason and store memories are some of the most important current challenges in AI research. Finding out which network architectures are best suited for tackling this problem can guide research toward the most promising approaches. The bAbI challenge is a popular benchmark dataset composed of different Question Answering tasks each designed to test specific memory and reasoning abilities fundamental for text comprehension. A model well adapted to learning reasoning should be able to efficiently extract relevant knowledge from small amount of training data and generalise from it to achieve good performance, referred to as the model being data efficient. Memory-augmented networks are one of the most successful kinds of neural network architecture at the bAbI challenge and the SAM-based Two-memory (STM) model uses this architectural approach. This thesis compares STM model performance on the version of the bAbI challenge with little training data (bAbI 1k) to the best performing memory-augmented model on this challenge, the MemN2N model. The aim is to find out which memory-augmented architecture approach is more data efficient at bAbI. STM model performance is compared to two variants of the MemN2N model: MemN2N basic and its enhanced version MemN2N LS-RN. STM and MemN2N basic are found to have similar overall performance while the MemN2N LS-RN model is found to outperform them both, meaning it is more data efficient at bAbI. Differences in performance between models on several individual bAbI tasks are found, with a few being significant. STM is found to perform significantly worse at tasks involving temporal relation and time dependency reasoning than both MemN2N models. MemN2N LS-RN is also found to vastly outperform both STM and MemN2N basic at basic induction. Lastly, all models are found to perform poorly at complex spatial reasoning tasks. / En av de viktigaste aktuella utmaningarna inom AI-forskning är att utveckla och studera Djupinlärning-modeller som kan lära sig att resonera och lagra minnen. Att ta reda på vilka nätverksarkitekturer är bäst lämpade för att hantera detta problem kan leda forskningen fram mot de mest lovande lösningarna. bAbI-utmaningen är en populär benchmark-datauppsättning sammansatt av olika fråga och svarsuppgifter, var och designad för att testa specifika minnes- och resonemangsförmågor grundläggande för textförståelse. En modell väl anpassad för att lära sig resonemang bör kunna effektivt utvinna relevant kunskap från små mängder träningsdata och generalisera från det för att uppnå bra prestanda. En sådan modell kallas dataeffektiv. Minnesförstärkta nätverk är en av de mest framgångsrika typerna av neurala nätverksarkitektur er vid bAbI-utmaningen och den SAM-baserade Tvåminnesmodellen (STM) använder denna arkitektoniska lösning. Denna avhandling jämför STM-modellens prestanda på versionen av bAbI-utmaningen med liten mängd träningsdata (bAbI 1k) med den bäst presterande minnesförstärkta modellen på denna utmaning, MemN2N-modellen. Syftet är att ta reda på vilken minnesförstärkt arkitektur är mer dataeffektiv för bAbI. STM-modellens prestanda jämförs med två varianter av MemN2N-modellen: MemN2N basic och dess förbättrade version MemN2N LS-RN. STM och MemN2N basic har visat sig ha liknande övergripande prestanda, medan MemN2N LS-RN modellen visar sig överträffa dem båda, vilket betyder att den är mer dataeffektiv vid bAbI. Skillnader i prestanda mellan modeller på flera individuella bAbI uppgifter finns, och några få av dem är betydande. STM visar sig prestera betydligt sämre vid uppgifter som involverar tidsrelativa och tidsberoende resonemang än båda MemN2N modeller. MemN2N LS-RN visar sig också överträffa både STM och MemN2N basic vid grundläggande induktion. Slutligen har alla modeller visat sig prestera dåligt vid komplexa spatiala resonemangsuppgifter.

<p> Although historically treated as separate systems, there is considerable interaction between the immune system and brain. It has become increasingly clear that immunebrain communication is important to both health and disease. An immunogenic challenge given during the first postnatal week in rodents impacts the developing central nervous system (CNS) leading to long-term behavioural and molecular alterations reflective of enhanced stress-reactivity. Anxiety and depression are stress-related pathologies with a proposed neurodevelopmental origin suggesting that perturbation to neonatal immunebrain signalling may contribute to psychopathology. The current body of work examined the long-term impact of an early immune challenge on behavioural and molecular phenotypes associated with anxiety and depression. Mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on postnatal days three and five. The emergence of anxietyrelated behaviour was characterized along the developmental trajectory of LPS-mice concurrent with changes to serotonergic neurocircuitry. Adult depressive-related behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) along with hippocampal neurogenesis as revealed by immunoreactivity for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX). The results demonstrated a sex-specific alteration in both the temporal emergence and phenotypic variant of anxiety-related behaviours displayed by LPS-mice. This was accompanied by changes to CNS serotonergic-related gene expression that coincided with a critical developmental time window essential to the establishment of emotionality. Adult LPS-mice exhibited hyperactivity during the FST that was accompanied by increased doublecortin immunoreactivity in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, reflecting enhanced immature neuronal differentiation. The current results demonstrate that an early immune challenge impacts the developing CNS leading to enhanced emotional-reactivity. Altered serotonergic neurocircuitry and adult hippocampal neurogenesis may underlie behavioural abnormalities. The current body of work demonstrates a preeminent role for early-life immune disturbance in psychopathology and advances understanding of how immune-brain signalling impacts the developing CNS and confers risk for later disease. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p dir="ltr">Adipose tissue is characterized by the dominant presence of adipocytes, specialized cells adept at lipid metabolism. These adipocytes act as critical nodes, coordinating the complex processes of energy storage and mobilization according to the body's metabolic requirements. Within the adipocyte population of mammals, there are three main subtypes: white, beige, and brown adipocytes. White adipocytes are primarily dedicated to the sequestration of energy in the form of triglycerides. Conversely, beige and brown adipocytes are distinguished by their capacity for thermogenesis, the process of dissipating nutritional energy as heat. The contemporary challenge of chronic overnutrition has precipitated a global surge in obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. Addressing this issue necessitates the maintenance of white adipocyte homeostasis and the enhancement of the quantity and function of thermogenic adipocytes, which are imperative for mitigating the global obesity epidemics.</p><p dir="ltr">Mitochondrion, a multifunctional organelle, is integral to a broad spectrum of cellular processes, including anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, and signal transduction, all of which are essential for maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis. The efficacy of mitochondrial operations is intrinsically linked to their membrane dynamics. In this study, transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry were employed to investigate the proteins implicated in the cold-induced mitochondrial membrane remodeling in brown adipocytes. Through this approach, a poorly characterized protein, Family with Sequence Similarity 210 Member A (FAM210A), was identified as a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is induced by cold stimulation. Subsequent loss-of-function experiments were conducted to elucidate the role of FAM210A in adipocytes. Mice with adipose-specific deletion of <i>Fam210a</i> (<i>Fam210a</i>^<em>AKO</em>) exhibited compromised mitochondrial cristae structure and a reduced thermogenic capacity in brown adipose tissue (BAT), resulting in an increased susceptibility to lethal hypothermia during acute cold challenge. Moreover, in mice with inducible ablation of <i>Fam210a</i> in adipocytes (<i>Fam210</i>^{<em>iAKO</em>}), mitochondrial alterations in BAT were negligible at thermoneutral conditions; however, they exhibited defective cold-induced mitochondrial cristae remodeling, culminating in a progressive loss of cristae and diminished mitochondrial density. Mechanistically, it was determined that FAM210A interacts with mitochondrial protease YME1L and modulates its activity toward OMA1 and OPA1 cleavage, thus compromising cold-induced mitochondrial remodeling in BAT.</p><p dir="ltr">Additionally, this research delved into the role of FAM210A in adipocytes in response to dietary stress by feeding mice with high-fat diet (HFD). The study found a consistent correlation between FAM210A expression and OPA1 cleavage in adipocytes under HFD challenge. Mice lacking FAM210A in all adipocytes and subjected to HFD exhibited lipoatrophy in white adipose tissue (WAT) and a downregulation of genes associated with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. In contrast, mice with a brown adipocyte-specific ablation of <i>Fam210a </i>(<i>Fam210a</i>^<em>UKO</em>) displayed no significant change in WAT mass but had enlarged livers. Crucially, both <i>Fam210a</i>^<em>AKO</em> and <i>Fam210a</i>^<em>UKO</em> mice presented increased WAT inflammation, deteriorated glucose tolerance, and exacerbated insulin resistance. These findings underscore the pivotal role of FAM210A in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the preservation of WAT homeostasis and the regulation of systemic glucose clearance in diet-induced obesity.</p><p dir="ltr">In summary, these studies characterize the mitochondrial dynamics in brown adipocytes in response to cold stress, identify a new cold-induced mitochondrial protein, FAM210A, and uncover its functions in adipocytes under cold and dietary stresses. These findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial remodeling in the adaptive response of adipocytes to evolving metabolic demands. This work establishes FAM210A as a key regulator of mitochondrial cristae remodeling, shedding light on the mechanisms that govern mitochondrial plasticity in adipocytes.</p>