Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esse trabalho decorre da preocupaÃÃo com resultados de pesquisas, as quais indicam que, ainda hoje, a educaÃÃo de nÃvel fundamental continua um grave problema do ensino pÃblico brasileiro a ser solucionado. Nesse contexto, privilegiou-se as classes de aceleraÃÃo da aprendizagem, a qual compÃs o cenÃrio educacional cearense de 1998 a 2002, com forte apelo de inovaÃÃo pedagÃgica capaz de inserir os alunos âdefasadosâ no ensino dito regular. Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo central explicitar o sentido e o alcance que a implantaÃÃo desse programa adquire quando preconiza o desenvolvimento de uma escola sem exclusÃo. A Teoria CrÃtica ancora esta discussÃo, cuja anÃlise coloca como questÃo bÃsica as relaÃÃes de poder, esclarecendo que as contradiÃÃes e resistÃncias tÃm papel de destaque nessa teorizaÃÃo. A metodologia empregada engloba um estudo de caso mÃltiplo com tÃcnicas da histÃria oral, delineado com base na pesquisa em jornal e bibliogrÃfica, anÃlise documental, conversas informais e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com tÃcnicos das secretarias estadual e municipal, diretores, professores e alunos de uma escola da rede estadual e outra da rede municipal, em Fortaleza. Os resultados esclarecem que, a implantaÃÃo das classes de aceleraÃÃo nÃo resolveu o problema da exclusÃo escolar, notadamente, porque os alunos nÃo retornaram, em sua grande maioria, ao ensino regular. / Results of recent research indicate that the low quality of the basic level education is one of the most serious problems of Brazilian public education. In this work we study the âclasses de aceleraÃÃo da aprendizagemâ (learning acceleration classrooms) in the State of Cearà educational system, in the period 1998 - 2002. The âacceleration classroomsâ appeal to pedagogical innovation as a means to insert "defasados" (out of fase) pupils in regular education. We objective to identify the reach of this modality of education for the development of a non exclusive school. The study is based on the "Critical Theory"; it focus on power relations in society; and points the role of contradictions and resistency as explanation to students progress. The methodology used here is the case study, with techniques of life history, searches in periodical, bibliographical, documentary analysis, informal and semi-structured interviews. Technician of the Board of Education (both of the State of Cearà and of the city of Fortaleza) managers, professors, and pupils of a State school, and of the city of Fortaleza school had been interviewed. The results show that the acceleration classrooms did not solve the problem of school exclusion because the pupils had not returned, in its great majority, to regular education.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-22T18:42:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundojosepereirabarbosa.pdf: 2983435 bytes, checksum: e3f779bd6cb6fe8344f53da29841fcee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-25T16:32:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundojosepereirabarbosa.pdf: 2983435 bytes, checksum: e3f779bd6cb6fe8344f53da29841fcee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T16:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raimundojosepereirabarbosa.pdf: 2983435 bytes, checksum: e3f779bd6cb6fe8344f53da29841fcee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão estudado tem o objetivo de compreender quais as principais dificuldades na implementação do “Programa de Correção do Fluxo Escolar do Ensino Fundamental: Projeto Avançar”, na Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação – 4 (CDE-4), a partir da descrição do programa e da análise de sua implementação nas escolas e na sede da CDE-4 e assim propor ações que contribuam para solucionar as dificuldades de implementação encontradas. A CDE-4 esta localizada na zona centro-oeste da cidade de Manaus - Amazonas - Brasil, faz parte da Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Amazonas (SEDUC-AM) e coordena 34 escolas de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, das quais, dezessete implementaram o programa em 2015. O Projeto Avançar foi implantado pela SEDUC-AM, com o objetivo de corrigir a distorção idade-ano dos alunos matriculados no Ensino Fundamental, com até dois anos de atraso escolar, através de uma metodologia diferenciada, baseada na interdisciplinaridade e na aprendizagem significativa. As coordenadorias distritais e regionais de educação da SEDUC-AM são as responsáveis pela implementação e monitoramento do projeto em suas escolas, seguindo as orientações do Departamento de Politicas e Programas Educacionais (DEPPE) e da Proposta Curricular do Projeto Avançar (PCPAV). O motivo desta pesquisa foi a dificuldade enfrentada pelo pesquisador, no período em que atuou como gestor escolar, para implementar o programa na escola onde trabalhava e por observar, enquanto supervisor pedagógico, atuando desde 2012 na CDE-4, que a referida coordenadoria, também enfrentava dificuldades com a implementação do Projeto Avançar. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso, baseado na análise documental do programa e de suas atividades de implementação (PCPAV, legislação, atas, pautas de reuniões e registros acadêmicos, dentre outros), na aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com principais atores que implementam o programa no âmbito da CDE-4. Os achados da pesquisa permitiram identificar os seguintes problemas na implementação do Projeto Avançar na CDE-4: inadequação da formação continuada oferecida aos atores envolvidos; falta da prática pedagógica interdisciplinar e ineficiência do monitoramento do programa feito pela CDE-4. A partir dos achados da pesquisa, o PAE apresentado propõe as seguintes medidas visando a melhoria da implementação do programa na CDE-4: fortalecer a interdisciplinaridade como prática pedagógica, melhorar a formação continuada e tornar o monitoramento do programa mais eficiente. / This work was developed under the Professional Master in Management and Education Assessment (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policy and Federal University of Education Evaluation of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case management study aims to understand what the main difficulties in implementing the "School Flow Correction Program Elementary School: Next Project", the District Coordinator of Education - 4 (CDE-4), starting from the description the program and the analysis of its implementation in schools and the headquarters of the CDE-4 and so propose actions aimed at contributing to resolving implementation difficulties. The CDE-4 is located in the center-west of the city of Manaus - Amazonas - Brazil, is part of the State Department of Amazonas Education (SEDUC-AM) and coordinates 34 primary schools and East, of which seventeen implementaramm the program in 2015. The next project was implemented by SEDUC-AM, in order to correct the age-year students enrolled in elementary school, within two years of school delay, through a different methodology based on interdisciplinary and meaningful learning. The district and regional coordinators SEDUC-AM of education are responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the project in their schools, following the guidelines of the Department of Policies and Educational Programs (DEPPE) and the Curriculum Proposal of the Forward Project. The reason for this research was the difficulty faced by the researcher, in the period when he served as school manager, to implement the program at the school where he worked and watched as teaching supervisor, working since 2012 in the CDE-4, said coordinating body also facing difficulties with implementation of the Next Project. The research is a case study based on document analysis of the program and its implementation activities (Curriculum Proposal, legislation, minutes, meeting agendas and academic records, among others), the use of questionnaires and interviews with key actors that implement the program within the CDE-4. The research findings have identified the following problems in implementing the Project on Next CDE-4: inadequacy of continuing education offered to stakeholders; lack of interdisciplinary teaching practice and inefficiency of program monitoring done by the CDE-4. From, the research findings, the PAE presented proposed the following measures aimed at improving program implementation in the CDE-4: strengthen interdisciplinarity as a pedagogical practice, enhance continuing education and make the monitoring more efficient program.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-05T12:28:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luizguilhermerezenderodrigues.pdf: 1205869 bytes, checksum: c4e47a354a29b83e71eb5ce1b0aa7636 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T15:32:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luizguilhermerezenderodrigues.pdf: 1205869 bytes, checksum: c4e47a354a29b83e71eb5ce1b0aa7636 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T15:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luizguilhermerezenderodrigues.pdf: 1205869 bytes, checksum: c4e47a354a29b83e71eb5ce1b0aa7636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / Na presente dissertação estudamos um modelo cosmológico clássico não-comutativo com a métrica Friedmann-Robertson-Walker, cujas seções espaciais podem ter curvatura constante positiva (k = 1), negativa (k = —1) ou zero (k = O). O conteúdo material é descrito por um fluido perfeito de poeira. A dinâmica do modelo não-comutativo é descrita no formalismo Hamiltoniano, com o auxílio da formulação ADM e do formalismo variacional de Schutz. O espaço de fase do modelo é dado pelas variáveis a(t) , T (t), Pa(t) e PT(t), em que a(t) é o fator de escala do Universo, T (t) é a coordenada associada ao fluido e Pa(t), PT(t) seus respectivos momentos canonicamente conjugados. Introduzimos a não-comutatividade via parênteses de Poisson. Para estudarmos o modelo, introduzimos transformações de coordenadas que nos levaram a variáveis comutativas, mais um parâmetro não-comutativo ,y. Combinando as equações de Hamilton, obtidas a partir da Hamiltoniana escrita em termos das variáveis comutativas, mais o parâmetro 7, chegamos a uma equação diferencial, de segunda ordem, para o fator de escala a (t) . Tal equação descreve a dinâmica do modelo não-comutativo e depende de vários parâmetros, tais como: 7, k, C e B. Obtivemos soluções analíticas para essa equação. Com as soluções encontradas, estudamos as novas propriedades introduzidas pela não-comutatividade, com o objetivo de obter resultados que auxiliem na explicação da expansão acelerada do Universo. As soluções não-comutativas apresentaram dois parâmetros adicionais -y e B, em comparação com as soluções comutativas correspondentes, além dos parâmetros comuns k e C, este último associado à energia do fluido. Tais parâmetros influenciam de maneira significativa o tipo de comportamento de cada solução. Para determinados valores dos parâmetros algumas soluções podem ser consideradas como possíveis candidatas à explicação da expansão atual do Universo. Dentre esses casos, para k = O, as soluções não-comutativas apresentaram um crescimento exponencial para o infinito, enquanto as soluções comutativas correspondentes apresentaram crescimento polinomial. Para k = —1 ambas as soluções apresentaram o mesmo comportamento qualitativo de expansão para o infinito descrito por funções hiperbólicas. Para k = 1, foram obtidas soluções expansivas que apesar de não descreverem a expansão atual do Universo são importantes, pois, não estão presentes no modelo comutativo correspondente. Tais expansões ocorrem de maneira linear no tempo, mas, de maneira a oscilar entre máximos e mínimos. Buscamos na literatura outro modelo não-comutativo com a finalidade de verificar se maneiras diferentes de introduzir a não-comutatividade levam aos mesmos resultados. Tais comparações resultaram em comportamentos qualitativos bastante diferentes entre tais soluções não-comutativas, uma vez que as equações diferenciais para o fator de escala obtidas, para cada modelo, são diferentes. / In this dissertation we study a classical noncommutative cosmological model with a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. The spatial sections may have positive (k = 1), negative (k = —1) or zero (k = 0) constant curvature. The matter content is described by a dust perfect fluid. The dynamics of the noncommutative model is described using the Hamilton's formalism, with the aid of the ADM and Schutz's formalisms. The phase space of the model is given by the variables a(t), T (t) , Pa(t) and PT(t), where a(t) is the scale factor of the Universe, T(t) is the coordinate associated to the fluid and Pa(t), PT(t) are their canonically conjugated momenta. We introduce the noncommutativity through Poisson brackets. In order to study the model, we introduce coordinate transformations from the noncommutative coordinates to the commutative ones plus a noncommutative parameter 'y. Combining the Hamilton's equations, obtained from the Hamiltonian written in terms of the commutative variables plus the 7 parameter, we arrive at a second order differential equation for the scale factor a(t). This equation describes the dynamics of the non-commutative model and depends on several parameters, such as: 7, k, C and B. We obtained analytical solutions for this equation. With the obtained solutions, we study the new properties introduced by noncommutativity, in order to get results that help explaining the accelerated expansion of the Universe. The noncommutative solutions have two additional parameters -y and B, compared to the corresponding commutative solutions, beyond the common parameters k and C, the last one associated to the fluid energy. These parameters significantly influence the behavior of each solution. For certain parameters values some solutions are considered as possible candidates to explain the current expansion of the Universe. Among these cases, for k = 0, the non-commutative solutions showed an exponential increase to infinity, while the corresponding commutative ones showed polynomial growth. For k = —1 both solutions had the same qualitative behavior of expansion to infinity described by hyperbolic functions. For k = 1, expansive solutions, which do not describe the current expansion of the universe, were found. They are important because they are not present in the corresponding commutative model. Such solutions expands linearly in time oscillating between maximum and minimum values. We seek in the literature another non-commutative model in order to verify if different ways of introducing the noncommutativity lead to the same results. Such comparisons result in quite different qualitative behavior of such noncommutative solutions, since the differential equations for the scale factor obtained for each model are different.

Det teoretiska ramverket kring denna kvalitativa studie bygger på det kognitivistiska perspektivet samt det sociokulturella perspektivet. Vi har undersökt grundskollärares beskrivningar av hur de individanpassar undervisningen för de högpresterande eleverna i ämnet svenska samt deras åsikter om vad skolan kan bidra med för att tillgodose de högpresterande eleverna i undervisningen. Vi har även undersökt hur högpresterande elever upplever sin svenskundervisning. Underlaget för studien har erhållits genom ostrukturerade intervjuer med grundskollärare för de yngre åldrarna samt elever i årskurserna 2 och 3. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de berörda lärarna har en tanke med att utmana och stimulera de högpresterande eleverna genom individanpassningar men att det skulle kunna ske i högre utsträckning. Nivågruppering utefter elevernas olika förmågor och berikande effekter sker, medan acceleration förekommer minimalt i lärarens undervisning. De högpresterande eleverna uppger att utmaningar skulle kunna ges i mycket högre grad. Kompetensutveckling och samplanering mellan lärarna i syfte att utmana och stimulera de högpresterande eleverna sker minimalt på samtliga skolor som ingår i undersökningen. Ökad kunskap hos samtliga lärare om hur de kan bemöta högpresterande elever samt utökning av kollegialt lärande med fokus på högpresterande elever, skulle kunna bidra till att lärarna kan utmana dessa elever mer på rätt nivå. Vid samplanering skulle även ökad nivågruppering ske ute på skolorna anser lärarna, vilket skulle bidra till att svenskundervisningen individanpassades ytterligare för de högpresterande eleverna.

Context. Ray tracing has always been a simple but effective way to create a photorealistic scene but at a greater cost when expanding the scene. Recent improvements in GPU and CPU hardware have made ray tracing faster, making more complex scenes possible with the same amount of time needed to process the scene. Despite the improvements in hardware ray tracing is still rarely run at a interactive speed. Objectives. The aim of this experiment was to implement a new kdtree generation algorithm using DirectX 11 compute shaders. Methods. The implementation created during the experiment was tested using two platforms and five scenarios where the generation time for the kd-tree was measured in milliseconds. The results where compared to a sequential implementation running on the CPU. Results. In the end the kd-tree generation algorithm implemented did not run within our definition of real-time. Comparing the generation times from the implementations shows that there is a speedup for the GPU implementation compared to our CPU implementation, it also shows linear scaling for the generation time as the number of triangles in the scene increase. Conclusions. Noticeable limitations encountered during the experiment was that the handling of dynamic structures and sorting of arrays are limited which forced us to use less memory efficient solutions.

We present new evidence that the bright nonthermal X-ray emission features in the interior of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant are caused by inward-moving shocks, based on Chandra and NuSTAR observations. Several bright inward-moving filaments were identified using monitoring data taken by Chandra in 2000-2014. These inward-moving shock locations are nearly coincident with hard X-ray (15-40 keV) hot spots seen by NuSTAR. From proper-motion measurements, the transverse velocities were estimated to be in the range of similar to 2100-3800 km s(-1) for a distance of 3.4 kpc. The shock velocities in the frame of the expanding ejecta reach values of similar to 5100-8700 km s(-1), which is slightly higher than the typical speed of the forward shock. Additionally, we find flux variations (both increasing and decreasing) on timescales of a few years in some of the inward-moving shock filaments. The rapid variability timescales are consistent with an amplified magnetic field of B similar to 0.5-1 mG. The high speed and low photon cut-off energy of the inward-moving shocks are shown to imply a particle diffusion coefficient that departs from the Bohm regime (k(0) = D-0/D-0,D-Bohm similar to 3-8) for the few simple physical configurations we consider in this study. The maximum electron energy at these shocks is estimated to be similar to 8-11 TeV, which is smaller than the values of similar to 15-34 TeV that were inferred for the forward shock. Cassiopeia A is dynamically too young for its reverse shock to appear to be moving inward in the observer frame. We propose instead that the inward-moving shocks are a consequence of the forward shock encountering a density jump of 5-8 in the surrounding material.

Non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects may play a significant role in determining the dynamics, thermal properties, and observational signatures of radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto black holes. In particular, particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection events may influence black hole spectra and flaring properties. We use representative general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of black hole accretion flows to identify and explore the structures and properties of current sheets as potential sites of magnetic reconnection. In the case of standard and normal evolution (SANE) disks, we find that in the reconnection sites, the plasma beta ranges from 0.1 to 1000, the magnetization ranges from 10(-4) to 1, and the guide fields are weak compared with the reconnecting fields. In magnetically arrested (MAD) disks, we find typical values for plasma beta from 10(-2) to 10(3), magnetizations from 10(-3) to 10, and typically stronger guide fields, with strengths comparable to or greater than the reconnecting fields. These are critical parameters that govern the electron energy distribution resulting from magnetic reconnection and can be used in the context of plasma simulations to provide microphysics inputs to global simulations. We also find that ample magnetic energy is available in the reconnection regions to power the fluence of bright X-ray flares observed from the black hole in the center of the Milky Way.

Fog and haze can have a dramatic impact on vision systems for land and sea vehicles. The impact of such conditions on infrared images is not as severe as for standard images. By fusing images from two cameras, one ordinary and one near-infrared camera, a complete dehazing system with colour preservation can be achieved. Applying several different algorithms to an image set and evaluating the results, the most suitable image fusion algoritm has been identified. Using an FPGA, a programmable integrated circuit, a crucial part of the algorithm has been implemented. It is capable of producing processed images 30 times faster than a laptop computer. This implementation lays the foundation of a real-time dehazing system and provides a significant part of the full solution. The results show that such a system can be accomplished with an FPGA.

Les méthodes basées rayons sont connues pour simuler précisément les phénomènes d'ondes acoustiques, thermiques, radios ou encore optiques. L'efficacité de telles méthodes réside dans leur capacité à déterminer rapidement l'intersection la plus proche entre un rayon et les primitives géométriques composant l'environnement de simulation. Le plus souvent, une structure accélératrice est utilisée pour réduire la complexité algorithmique de la recherche. Ces trente dernières années, de nombreuses structures performantes ont été proposées. Cependant, toutes ont des inconvénients en fonction du type d'application et de la configuration de la scène.Nous proposons d'explorer une voie peu étudiée jusqu'alors, en utilisant une partition de l'espace convexe et contrainte (CCSP) comme structure accélératrice. Ce type de partition se distingue des structures classiques par plusieurs concepts apportant des propriétés uniques et intéressantes. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une nouvelle structure accélératrice, de type CCSP, spécialement dédiée à la simulation en environnement architectural. Ensuite, nous utilisons ces résultats pour généraliser l'approche à des scènes quelconques. Nous nous concentrons notamment sur l'utilisation d'une tétraédrisation de Delaunay contrainte comme structure accélératrice et proposons un nouvel algorithme de parcours. / Ray-based methods are known to simulate accurately acoustic, thermic, radios or optic wave propagation phenomena. The efficiency of such a method lies in its capacity to quickly determine the closest intersection between a ray and the geometric primitives making up the simulation environment. Generally, an acceleration structure is used to reduce the algorithmic complexity of the search. These last thirty years, a lot of efficient structures have been proposed. However, all have drawbacks according to the application kind and the scene configuration. We propose to explore a way slightly studied up to then, using a constrained convex space partition (CCSP) as an acceleration structure. This kind of partition differs from conventional structures by several concepts bringing unique and interesting properties. In a first phase, we propose a new acceleration structure, based on a CCSP, specifically dedicated to simulation in architectural environments. Then, we used these results to generalize the approach to any kind of scene. In particular, we focus on the use of a constrained Delaunay tetrahedralization as an acceleration structure and propose a new traversal algorithm.

Abstract The main objective of this thesis project is to implement a wireless vital signs monitoring system for measuring the ECG of a patient in the home environment. The research focuses on two specific research objectives: 1) the development of a distributed healthcare system for vital signs monitoring using wireless sensor network devices and 2) a practical test and performance evaluation for the reliability for such low-rate wireless technology in ubiquitous health monitoring applications. The first section of the thesis describes the design and implementation of a ubiquitous healthcare system constructed from tiny components for the home healthcare of elderly persons. The system comprises a smart shirt with ECG electrodes and acceleration sensors, a wireless sensor network node, a base station and a server computer for the continuous monitoring of ECG signals. ECG data is a commonly used vital sign in clinical and trauma care. The ECG data is displayed on a graphical user interface (GUI) by transferring it to a PDA or a terminal PC. The smart shirt is a wearable T-shirt designed to collect ECG and acceleration signals from the human body in the course of daily life. In the second section, a performance evaluation of the reliability of IEEE 802.15.4 low-rate wireless ubiquitous health monitoring is presented. Three scenarios of performance studies are applied through practical tests: 1) the effects of the distance between sensor nodes and base-station, 2) the deployment of the number of sensor nodes in a network and 3) data transmission using different time intervals. These factors were measured to analyse the reliability of the developed technology in low-rate wireless ubiquitous health monitoring applications. The results showed how the relationship between the bit-error-rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was affected when varying the distance between sensor node and base-station, through the deployment of the number of sensor nodes in a network and through data transmission using different time intervals.