Vid riskbedömning av enskilda ämnen utvärderas riskkvoten, kvoten mellan exponeringsnivå och ett hälsobaserat riktvärde. Flertalet toxikologiska studier styrker antagandet att en blandning av kemikalier, vars koncentrationer var och en för sig inte leder till någon skadlig effekt, kan samverka och leda till skadliga effekter. I detta examensarbete har jag som ett led i den hälsobaserade miljögiftsövervakningen vid Miljöförvaltningen, Stockholms stad, utvecklat ett beräkningsverktyg för att uppskatta kombinationseffekter vid blandningar av kemikalier som förekommer i inomhusmiljö. Beräkningsverktyget bygger på modellen för koncentrationsaddition under antagandet att inga avvikelser förekommer, där riskkvoter för enskilda ämnen summeras till ett översiktligt riskindex. Exponeringsvägarna inandning och oralt intag beaktas så att respektive riskindex adderas till ett multipelt riskindex. Vidare bygger verktyget på antagandet att koncentrationsaddition, som gäller för lika toxikologisk verkan på molekylär nivå även gäller på systemnivå, så att ämnen kan delas in i grupper efter de hälsoeffekter som de orsakar och därmed möjliggöra en utvärdering av multipelt riskindex för respektive hälsoeffekt. Bristen på hälsobaserade riktvärden för ämnen i luft har hanterats genom beräkning av uppskattat dagligt intag via inandning, samt genom att använda öppna resurser för identifiering av toxikologiskt lika ämnen. För PFAS-ämnen och PAH:er har relativa potensfaktorer använts vid beräkning av riktvärden. Utvärdering har även gjorts med toxikologiska referenspunkter justerade med osäkerhetsfaktorer. Beräkningsverktyget har utvecklats i Excel med ingående ämnen i en tabell med indelning efter hälsoeffekt. Test av kriterier för gruppering inom det aktuella beräkningsverktyget har gjorts genom jämförande analyser med två andra verktyg för riskbedömning av blandningar. Beräkningsverktyget användes sedan för att utvärdera 225 unika ämnen med kvantitativa analysdata från mätningar av inomhusluft respektive damm i Stockholms stads förskolor. Utvärderingen visar att kombinationseffekter har störst inverkan för hälsoeffekterna irritation och andningsvägar respektive utveckling. / <p>Inom examensarbetet har ett excelverktyg utvecklats, vilket beskrivs i publikationen. </p>

Stories of the Wind is an audiovisual performance exploring various media to tell a story, integrating media at the intersection of visual arts and music, leveraged by technology. Different materials and technologies coexist as pieces of an audiovisual performance, with images, sound objects and interactive works. The production of this work was informed by artistic-scholarship, which involved the combination of aesthetic education and aesthetic experience with research and analysis in the process of artistic and academic creation. This project was meant to be exhibited in the Cube, at the Moss Arts Center, at Virginia Tech. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, it was not possible to present the project in the space that it was created for, so a video adaptation was made to be submitted for the thesis defense. The video submitted as the thesis project pandemic adaptation can be seen through the following link: https://youtu.be/dH8ce9KO41w / M.F.A. / Stories of the Wind is an audiovisual performance telling a story using visual arts and music. It was created to be performed in the Cube, at the Moss Arts Center, at Virginia Tech. Because of the Covid-19 pandemic, it was not possible to perform the project. A video adaptation was made instead, which can be seen through the following link: https://youtu.be/dH8ce9KO41w

The relationship between community-wide change and patterns of variation and change within the individual is one of the cornerstones of variationist theorising. But while sociolinguistic theory makes clear and testable predictions regarding the use of stable vernacular features across the life-span of the individual, we lack real-time evidence on the age-graded nature of stable variability. Indeed, whereas apparent time research highlights the diachronic stability of (ing), only two research projects have explored its use within the individual speaker. Both report on pre-adult speakers. Our research expands the window of analysis by adding a later age-bracket to the investigation of age-graded variability. We consider the variable realisation of (ing) in a group of individuals between early adulthood and retirement.

[pt] Esta pesquisa objetiva contribuir para o debate da emergente política de educação escolar quilombola a partir da trajetória política do quilombo Campinho da Independência - Paraty, RJ na luta por uma educação diferenciada. Nesse sentido, abordaremos o processo de resistência da comunidade enquanto um grupo social negro e rural, com saberes próprios e modos de vida específicos, que busca junto ao espaço escolar a valorização e o reconhecimento de sua cultura quilombola e de seus saberes étnicos. A opção teórico-metodológica utilizada para o desenvolvimento do trabalho de campo foi o estudo de caso aliado à observação participante e a entrevistas. A partir da pesquisa iniciada na referida comunidade, percebe-se que o processo de luta política vivenciada por essa parcela da população aponta dilemas e opções singulares para a reflexão acerca de como essa modalidade de educação tem sido pensada e construída pelos próprios quilombolas, antes mesmo da publicação dos respectivos textos legais. Em suma, compreendemos ser a educação escolar quilombola um projeto que pode ser situado na perspectiva da educação decolonial e o fazemos ao identificar o quanto o processo de luta pelo reconhecimento de seus saberes ancestrais, da epistemologia de sua resistência, das suas especificidades, culturas e modo de vida nos apresentam maneiras e possibilidades de desvio e de desafios às normas dominantes, principalmente quando aponta possibilidades de descolonização da educação escolar. / [en] This research aims to contribute for a debate concerning the new policies for Quilombola school education. This analysis is based on the political path of Quilombo Campinho-Independência-Paraty and its claims for a differentiated education. On these matters, we bring the community s resistance and requirements for recognition of its culture, original knowledge and ethnic values as a countryside black social group. As methods for this fieldwork, we selected case study, participant observation and interviews. As a result, we inferred that this community presents dilemmas and its particular options on reflecting how education has been thought and built by their own members, even before official Laws on this matter. As a conclusion, we bring that Quilombola school education is a project that can be proposed through decolonial education. We identified that recognizing Quilombola s knowledge, culture and ways of living introduces possibilities of defying the dominant settlements, especially when it aims at decolonization into school education.

NHE3 reabsorve a maior parte de Na+ em túbulos proximais e é agudamente modulado por Ang II de forma bimodal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos crônicos da Ang II sobre a atividade, expressão e atividade promotora de NHE3. A atividade de NHE3 foi avaliada na presença de veículo, inibidor de NHE1, 2 e 3 e H+ ATPase. Houve redução da recuperação do pHi na presença do inibidor de NHE3. Células foram expostas por 24h a Ang II de 10-7M a 10-12 M e houve aumento de atividade com Ang II 10-11 M. Houve aumento na expressão de NHE3 e no seu RNAm. Actinomicina D não mostrou diferença entre os tempos de ½ vida do RNAm. Transfecções transitórias de fragmentos do promotor de NHE3 de rato mostraram que a atividade do fragmento -65/+31 aumentou na presença de Ang II. Mutações em sítios para a ligação de Sp1/Egr-1 e AP2 mostraram que o sítio Sp1/Egr-1 é fundamental para esse efeito. As vias que envolvem o citocromo P450, PI3K, PKA e MAPK são ativadas, porém, as vias da PLC e JAK/STAT não. Losartan aboliu os efeitos observados. Conclui-se que a exposição crônica à baixa concentração de Ang II promoveu aumento na atividade, expressão, nível de RNAm e atividade promotora do gene NHE3 via AT1R. O sítio de ligação para os fatores de transcrição Sp1/Egr-1 está envolvido nessa resposta. / NHE3 is the major responsible for the sodium reabsorption in proximal tubules and it is Ang II acutely modulated in a bimodal fashion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic effects of Ang II on NHE3 activity, transcription and expression. The NHE3 activity was evaluated in the presence of vehicle, NHE1, 2 and 3 and H+ ATPase inhibitors. Presence of NHE3 inhibitor reduced the rate of pHi recovery. Cells were treated with Ang II 10-7M to 10-12 M for 24h and Ang II 10-11 M increased the pHi recovery rate. NHE3 protein and mRNA were increased in Ang II presence. NHE3 mRNA ½ life in Actinomycin D incubated cells was not affected by Ang II treatment. Transient transfections of fragments of rat NHE3 promoter showed that the activity of -65/+31 was increased in Ang II presence. Mutation at Sp1/Egr-1 and AP2 sites in the -60/+31 fragment showed that Sp1/Egr-1 integrity is required. Cytochrome P450, PI3K, PKA and MAPK signaling pathways are related with this effect, while PLC and JAK/STAT are not. Losartan abolished the observed effects. In conclusion, chronic treatment with low concentration of Ang II resulted in increase of NHE3 activity, protein expression, mRNA levels and promoter activity of NHE3 gene through AT1R. Sp1/Egr-1 site seems to be involved in this effect.

Benznidazol (BZ) é uma das duas drogas usadas no tratamento da doença de Chagas. Falhas terapêuticas são observadas em muitos pacientes, que foram atribuídas, principalmente, às diferenças na suscetibilidade de cepas do Trypanosoma cruzi a essa droga. Alguns genes foram implicados na resistência induzida a BZ, mas não na resistência natural. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar diferenças de expressão gênica em cepas de T. cruzi naturalmente resistentes e suscetíveis a BZ, utilizando microarranjos de DNA. Quantificamos a sensibilidade à droga em cepas de laboratório e isolados obtidos de pacientes crônicos submetidos a quimioterapia com BZ. Concluímos que os valores de CI50 não são preditivos cura. Os experimentos de microarranjos e ensaios de RT-PCR mostram que a abundância de transcritos do gene TcABCG1, foi maior em cepas naturalmente resistentes a BZ. Não observamos variação na abundância de transcritos de alguns genes implicados no fenótipo de resistência induzida. Nossos dados sugerem o envolvimento do transportador TcABCG1 na resistência a BZ. / Benznidazole (BZ) is one of the two drugs used to treat Chagas disease. Therapeutic failures were reported in many chronic patients, which were mostly attributed to different susceptibilities of Trypanosoma cruzi strains to BZ. A few genes have been implicated in the induced resistance to BZ, but none in the natural resistance. The general goal of this study was to investigate differences in gene expression between susceptible and naturally resistant T. cruzi strains employing DNA microarray technology. We have quantified the drug activity for laboratory strains and for isolates retrieved from chronic patients submitted to BZ therapy. Our results indicate that the IC50 values are not predictive of cure. The microarray and RT-PCR experiments showed the higher abundance of transcript of TcABCG1 gene in naturally resistant strains as compared to sensitive strains. We observed no variation in the transcripts levels of the genes implicated in the induced drug resistance. Our data suggest that TcABCG1 transporter may be involved in natural drug resistance in T. cruzi.

因應全球科學園區發展的潮流，我國於1980年設立第一個科學園區－新竹科學園區（簡稱竹科），經過多年的努力，已成為世界上發展成功的科學園區之一，美國商業週刊稱之為「台灣的矽谷」，是台灣經濟發展的重要命脈，也是維持我國競爭力於不墜之重要關鍵因素。而為執行園區管理業務，由行政院國家科學委員會設立「科學工業園區管理局」，辦理相關工作及提供各項服務。 　　本研究採用文獻探討法及深度訪問法等二種研究方法，試圖就科學園區危機類型做一分類，並以危機管理四階段理論及運用「全盤型弱點管理」觀點，檢視科學工業園區管理局危機管理機制之運作，找出其脆弱度，透過跨域聯防相關理論、兩個案例經驗借鏡及相關人員深度訪談資料之歸納分析，試圖提出建構科學園區危機管理跨域聯防機制之策略，並輔以政策工具理論，作為可能面臨困境之對策，以提供科學工業園區管理局及相關單位參考。 / To meet the trend of global science parks, the first science park in Taiwan, Hsinchu Science Park (HSP), was established in 1980. After endeavored for years, it has become one of the most successful science parks in the world, which Business Week called, “Taiwan’s Silicon Valley.” It is a very important lifeline of Taiwan economic development, and a key factor of maintaining Taiwan’s competitive advantage. Under the jurisdiction of the National Science Council, the Science Park Administration (SPA) is given the responsibility of developing, operating and managing the park. This study adopts two research ways: literature review method and interviewing method, and attempts to classify the crisis type of the science park. Based on the four steps theory of crisis management and the point of view of “Comprehensive Vulnerable Management,” it is to inspect the operation of crisis management of Science Park Administration to find out its vulnerability. Through the generalization and analysis of the related theory of joint defense across boundary, two cases review and related further interview, it attempts to set a strategy for joint defense across boundary of the science park, assists with policy instruments theory to offer a solution for coming difficulty, and to be a reference for Science Park Administration and related organizations.

Background Considering ~9 million Canadians have one or more chronic health conditions, and >3.3 million report some level of disability, the burden of care is substantive for individuals and health system. With such conditions, self-care is essential but may pose challenges to both individuals and providers of care. As a concept, self-care is poorly understood. Further, evidence for effective self-care support is diffuse and typically studied relative to specific conditions. Objectives To investigate the concept of self-care three objectives were undertaken: 1) explore and describe the construct of self-care as understood by individuals/families, health care professionals, researchers, policy-makers; and industry; 2) produce new knowledge for health care professionals about interventions for self-care across a range of population groups; 3) develop a provisional framework to inform practice and research. Method A multi-phase enquiry was undertaken. Phase 1 Concept clarification including: 1) synthesis of qualitative evidence on the experience of self-care reported by individuals/families; 2) content analysis and definitional study of the meaning of self-care; 3) concept analysis of self-care; 4) creation of a conceptual schema encompassing these perspectives. Phase 2 Self-care Interventions: Integrative study of systematic reviews, synthesizing evidence for self-care interventions from multiple disease/impairment groupings. Results Three modes of self-care were revealed : ‘Care of self’ self-care performed on one’s own behalf; ‘care by other’ acknowledging individuals with disabilities who guide and direct care provided by another person; and ‘care of other’- care of families and others at a community level. Analysis of 30 self-care interventions across 16 conditions demonstrated that educational sessions and self-care management plans are emerging as effective strategies to support and guide self-care. Conclusion Self-care is a complex care concept that is becoming an expected element in today’s health care environment. A full understanding of how it is viewed, including the individual’s perspective, is vital for enactment and beneficial support. This comprehensive understanding of the concept along with evidence for effective interventions drawn from multiple groups will assist health care professionals to improve their assessments and provide them with strategies to support self-care needs –ultimately, contributing to enabling individuals to maintain their highest level of functioning. / Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-24 09:33:03.17

In this study, factors that affect students&#039 / science achievement were modeled based on the data which was obtained from Study for Determination of Student Achievement &ndash / 2002 (Ogrenci Basarisinin Belirlenmesi Calismasi &ndash / OBBS). First, using principle components analysis tecnique, dimensions of the student questionnaires and science achievement tests were found out. Using these dimensions for student questionnaires, latent variables socioeconomic status, student-centered activities, teacher-centered activities, private tutoring, experiments/technological material usage, and perception of interest and success were selected to be included in this study. Then, a reference model was proposed for factors affecting students&#039 / science achievement. Lastly, this reference model was tested across three grade levels (6th, 7th, and 8th) and three school types (state, boarding, and private) and comparisons among them were made. As a result of modeling which was conducted by structural equation modeling technique (SEM) using LISREL 8.30, the study yielded the followings: Socioeconomic status has a strong effect on science achievement for all grade levels investigated. While teacher-centered activities generally affect students&#039 / science achievement in a positive way, student-centered activities show a negative effect. Teacher-centered activities affect perception of interest and success as much as nearly they do for science achievement. Direct effect of teacher-centered activities is not significant for state and boarding schools, but their indirect effects strengthen the effect of teacher-centered activities on science achievement. Effect of experiments and technological material on perception of interest and success is negative for all grade levels and school types, except state schools in which it is positive.

檔案整合目錄檢索系統是利用單一介面檢索多種檔案資料庫，旨在於鼓勵大眾能更普遍知道檔案價值並應用檔案，系統設計者應考量使用者的使用需求。有鑑於目前「檔案資源整合查詢平台(ACROSS)」為國內檔案目錄查詢之重要窗口，故本研究選擇ACROSS系統作為研究個案，融合Jakob Nielsen的優使性五大構面及十項評估準則，由使用者角度探討其優使性，包括記憶性、學習性、容錯性、效率性與滿意度等五個面向。 　　本研究採用問卷調查法及訪談法蒐集使用者對ACROSS系統之意見，優使性問卷發放對象為北部七間大學的歷史碩博士班學生；訪談對象為十位歷史碩博士班研究生，訪談內容包括對系統之看法、建議及滿意程度，以了解其主觀想法。 　　本研究結論根據整體優使性評估結果，分析使用者針對「檔案資源整合查詢平台」(ACROSS)介面的正反面意見如下： 　　使用者感受較正面的功能：(1) ACROSS系統介面各選項功能與操作步驟容易記憶，不需反覆摸索，即能在短時間內，利用該系統順利查檢所需資訊。(2) ACROSS系統架構容易理解，畫面區塊分割情形簡單明瞭。(3) ACROSS系統有助於使用者發現新資訊與獲得新想法。 　　使用者反應值得改善的功能：(1) ACROSS系統介面字體顏色大小與首頁資源分類應提供較為明顯的彈性調整。(2)ACROSS系統使用指引或錯誤說明品質有待提升。(3) ACROSS系統可視使用者需求彈性調整檢索條件。(4)使用者有檢索需求時會先選擇自身熟悉的檢索工具，而以ACROSS系統作為補充輔助之用。(5) ACROSS系統可因應國際化趨勢，增設英文、日文或是繁簡轉換介面。(6) ACROSS系統無法取代個別資料庫檢索介面。 　　根據研究結果，另提出四點建議：(1) 改善ACROSS系統之檢索功能與檢索結果之呈現。(2) 以使用者為需求作為整合檢索系統設計主要考量。(3) 落實ACROSS系統整體行銷概念，提昇網站使用的品質與數量。(4) ACROSS系統主管機關可依據優使性評估結果改善系統功能。 / Integrated search system on archives performs simultaneous searches across heterogeneous archival electronic resources through a single entry. In order to allow the public to know value of archives and use archives, the system designers should pay attention to users' needs. Because of the importance of Archives Cross Boundaries on archival search system for Taiwan, this study aims to investigate the usability of Archives Cross Boundaries, and to understand users’ viewpoints toward this system. Five structural perspectives and ten assessment criteria from Jakob Nielsen were analyzed: memorability, learnability, efficiency, error frequency and severity, and Satisfaction. This study evaluated history graduate students’ perceptions of usability and satisfaction of Archives Cross Boundaries. The methodology in this study includes Questionnaire survey and In-depth interview. Questionnaire data were collected from department of History graduate students of seven universities in northern Taiwan. Ten history graduate students were chosen as Interview subjects. In-depth interview was used to collect data, including views on the system, suggestion, and degree of satisfaction. The results were summarized from positive and negative views of the analysis of the user interface for Archives Cross Boundaries as follows: The positive function of users’ feelings :(1) Each option features and the steps of Archives Cross Boundaries easy to remember, and users can find information fast without operating system repeatedly. (2) The architecture of Archives Cross Boundaries is easy to understand, and screen block segmentation situation is clear. (3) The system helps users discover new information and new ideas. The improvable function of users feelings :(1)The font color and home resource classification should provide significant flexibility to adjust.(2) Guidelines or error description of the quality should be improved. (3) Archives Cross Boundaries should be in accordance with user needs flexibility to adjust the search criteria. (4) Users will choose familiar search tool first, and Archives Cross Boundaries as the use of supplementary aids. (5) For responding to international trend, Archives Cross Boundaries can be added to English, Japanese or character conversion interface. (6) Archives Cross Boundaries can’t replace individual search function completely. Based on the findings, and the other put forward four suggestions:(1) Improving the presentation of the search functions and search results of the Archives Cross Boundaries.(2) Integrated retrieval systems to user needs as the main design considerations.(3) The implementation of Archives Cross Boundaries as a whole marketing concept to enhance the quality and quantity of website use. (4) The competent authorities of Archives Cross Boundaries may improve system functionality based on the results of the assessment of the usability.